A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise.
In fact, the study, estimates of present and future flood risk in the United States, found that 41 million U. S. residents are at risk from flooding along rivers. That’s three times more than current estimates based on the flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , which primarily maps the areas at risk for 1-in-100-year floods in populous (人口众多的) river basins.
Why does the big difference come into being? As always, it’s all about the data. Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all.
The size of the USA means that flood maps made in this way are incomplete. It would be too expensive and time-consuming to survey every river basin in America. The national-scale flood maps produced by FEMA leave the flood risk of many parts of the country unaccounted for.
For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology that avoids the defects of the FEMA approach, where individual catchments (流域) are studied by making use of big data. The study used a new high-resolution model, produced by the flood-mapping organization Fathom, which copies floods on all rivers across the entire continental United States.
“We were all surprised by how many people are actually exposed to freshwater flooding in the USA,” said Oliver Wing, lead researcher on the study and a PhD student at the University of Bristol. “It’s particularly worrisome considering that most of these people aren’t even aware of the risk they face. This study helps fill that critical information gap.”
1.What did the new paper intend to tell readers?
A.The mistakes made by FEMA.
B.The serious situation of the flood.
C.The populous river basins of the USA.
D.The unseen risk of the flood in the USA.
2.Why is the map produced by FEMA incomplete?
A.It’s dangerous to research all the rivers.
B.The size of the USA is too big.
C.It ignores less populous rivers.
D.The efficiency of making it is low.
3.What does the underlined word “defects” in paragraph 5 mean?
A.Shortcomings. B.Potential.
C.Consumption. D.Contributions.
4.What attitude does Oliver Wing have to the study?
A.Critical. B.Supportive.
C.Cautious. D.Uncaring.
You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during a day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes an interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of strange,” Gray told the BBC. “They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, lift-users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want — it’s your own little box. If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.
Newcomers to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act quickly. Once in, for most people the rule is simple — look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people, we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be considered to be threatening or strange, “The easiest way do this is avoid eye contact,” she said.
1.What is people’s response to the lift etiquette according to Gray?
A.Thinking much of it. B.Avoiding it on purpose.
C.Researching it continuously. D.Ignoring it unconsciously.
2.What does Gray think of riding a lift?
A.It’s funny and quick. B.It’s strange and dangerous.
C.It’s interesting but awkward. D.It’s convenient but boring.
3.What may most people do if they stay in the lift?
A.Talk loudly to each other. B.Keep still and silence.
C.Use mobile phones. D.Keep a close distance.
4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To show how to ride each elevators.
B.To introduce some rules of elevator etiquette.
C.To show how to break awkwardness of riding lifts，
D.To analyze the reasons for keeping elevator etiquette.
I enjoy life because I am endlessly interested in people and their growth. My interest leads me to widen my knowledge of people, and this in turn makes me believe in the common goodness of mankind. I believe that the normal human heart is good since their birth. That is, it’s born sensitive and feeling eager to be approved and to approve, hungry for simple happiness and the chance to live.
Like Confucius, I am absorbed in the wonder of the earth, and the life on it. With a great faith in the human heart and its power to grow toward the light, I find here are reasons enough for hope and confidence in the future of mankind. The common sense of people will surely prove that mutual (相互的) support and cooperation are only sensible for the security and happiness of all. Such faith keeps me continually ready to do what one person can toward shaping the environment in which the human being can grow with freedom. This environment, I believe, is based upon the necessity for security and friendship.
I take heart in a promising fact that the future world will contain food supplies enough for the entire earth population. Our knowledge of medical science will be sufficient to improve the health of the whole human race. Our resources and education, if administered on a world scale, will lift the intelligence of the race.
Half a century ago, few people thought of world food, health and education. Many are thinking today of these things. Now I find my only questions about this: Are there enough people now who believe? Is there enough time left for the wise to act? It is a contest between ignorance and death, or wisdom and life. My faith in humanity stands firm.
1.What results in the author’s belief in people’s goodness?
A.His understanding of people. B.His desire for happiness.
C.His sensitive attitude to life. D.His kindness to people.
2.What should people do to build a secure and happy world?
A.Get ready to develop more friendship. B.Compete with others in everything.
C.Defeat others to get enough freedom. D.Help and cooperate with each other.
3.What does the author want to express in paragraph 3?
A.His demand for the present life. B.His expectation of the future world.
C.His belief in better environment. D.His hope of human relationships.
4.What may be the best title of the text?
A.Human Nature Is Good B.Believe in Ourselves
C.Live a Happy Life D.Help People in Need
The Best Family Reunion Spot in Every State
The location for your family reunion could make the event. Choose one of these unique and comfortable spots in every state.
Alabama—Doublehead Resort, Town Creek
You can’t beat the waterfront cottages available at Doublehead Resort. Each has a washer and a full kitchen. A cottage can sleep ten people, making this resort the perfect relaxing location for your family reunion. This could be the setting for another funny family vacation story.
Arkansas—Whitney Mountain Lodge, Garfield
This Northwest Arkansas hotel has a breathtaking view of Beaver Lake. Located between the Rockies and the Appalachians, this peaceful site is the perfect place to escape with your family. They have three private dining rooms, all available for rent for your events. Arkansas might not be the first family reunion destination that comes to mind, but it has one of the coolest hidden sightseeing.
California—The Alisal Guest Ranch and Resort, Solvang
If budget isn’t an issue, book a family reunion at the Alisal Guest Ranch Resort in the Santa Ynez Valley. This 10,000-acre cattle ranch (牧场) is the ideal reunion spot for horse-back-riding families, and there’s also a spa for the family members who would prefer to relax.
Delaware—Cape Henlopen State Park, Lewes
Enjoy a beachside reunion at one of Delaware’s most scenic state parks. The pavilion (大帐篷) is available for rent, so make your base camp at the group site as you have fun at the two beaches and 18-hole golf course. You can also climb up to a former military bunker (碉堡) for a brief history lesson.
1.What is Doublehead Resort special about?
A.The weather. B.The sightseeing.
C.Its stories. D.Its cottages.
2.Which spot offers history education?
A.Doublehead Resort. B.Whitney Mountain Lodge.
C.Cape Henlopen State Park. D.The Alisal Guest Ranch and Resort.
3.In which section of a magazine can you read the text?
A.Daily life. B.Travel guide.
C.Entertainment. D.Environment.
假定你是李华，由于新冠病毒（COVII-19/nove1 coronavirus）爆发，你校决定推迟开学，请你给回国度假 的留学生Jack写封邮件，告知此事。内容包括：
1.告知推迟开学；
2.介绍疫情；
3.开学日期另行通知。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误，毎句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\ ）划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I like reading novels, that has earned me the nickname “novel fan”. I like all kinds of novel and I read them whenever I have time. The stories always attract me when I went into them. Every time a novel is in my hand, I will forget to eat , sleep and even me. My mother is very worrying about me, so she makes a arrangement for my spare time. Sometime, when I am fascinated by the story in a novel, I will read it under my quilt to avoid discovered by my mother. But at recently, my eyesight has become poorer. I have decided to change my habit. I want to be health as well as knowledgeable.
