Question

    According to the WHO, 90 percent of the world’s population lives in a place where they are exposed to unsafe levels of airborne pollutants, contributing to up to seven million deaths each year. If you live in a city, chances are that you’re part of that 90 percent, even if your city is relatively clean. That’s why cities worldwide have started embracing Internet of Things (IoT)solutions.

One of the best ways to fight pollution is to figure out where it’s worst and where it’s coming from. If you’ve ever made a habit of checking air quality around you, you may notice that there aren’t actually that many monitoring stations, and your closest one may not be that close. For pollution data to really be accurate and helpful, we need a lot more of it.

Luckily, IoT sensors and low-power wide-area networks are making it a lot easier to get and spread ultra-local data. Lampposts are one popular place to put them. For example, the Republic of Korea and Barcelona have already built out a network of pollution sensors in their streetlights. On the other hand, outfitting (配备) cars, bikes, and even people with pollution sensors provides valuable data on a smaller, more mobile scale.

Since pollutant levels can change dramatically even from one city block to another, having smaller-scale data is important for making a lot of decisions that, over time, might have a major influence on our health and behavior. It can influence where we decide to live, when we exercise, whether we bike to work, and, perhaps most importantly, what we can do about pollution in our area.

What all the Internet of Things can help us do on a personal level is use less energy. The data it provides, though, can be used to make big and small changes to the way we behave and build, and that is eventually where we’ll see benefits.

1.What’s the problem mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A.The death rate is high every year. B.There are too many people in the world.

C.There is little space for people to live in. D.Air pollution is more serious than expected.

2.How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 3?

A.By analyzing main causes. B.By citing research findings.

C.By giving specific examples. D.By making close comparisons.

3.Why is it necessary to collect data on a smaller scale?

A.It directly decreases pollutant levels. B.It uses less energy to clean the air.

C.It covers more areas of air pollution. D.It betters decisions on our lifestyle.

4.What’s the author’s attitude towards using IoT to solve air pollution?

A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.

C.Positive. D.Uncaring.

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.D

4.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是关于世界上的空气污染问题的一些事情。包括物联网作为一种解决方法的具体应用、物联网这种方法的优点以及物联网这种方法的局限性等。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段“90 percent of the world’s population lives in a place where they are ex”世界上百分之九十的人口住在一个能够接触到不安全的空气污染物的地方。这些污染物导致了每年多达七百万人死亡。可知，第一段主要提及的问题是空气污染比预期的更为严重。故选D项。

2.

推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, the Republic of Korea and Barcelona have already built out a network of pollution sensors in their streetlights.”比如，韩国和巴塞罗那已经在它们的街灯里植入了一个网络污染物传感器。由此判断出，作者主要通过举例子的方式展开论述。故选C项。

3.

细节理解题。根据第四段“having smaller-scale data is important for making a lot of decisions that, over time, might have a major influence on our health and behavior.”对于作出很多决定这方面来说，收集更小范围内的数据是重要的，尤其是这些决定可能对我们的健康和行为产生重大的影响。由此可知，因为收集更小范围内的数据可以优化我们在生活方式上的决定，所以收集更小范围内的数据是必要的。故选D项。

4.

推理判断题。根据最后一段“The data it provides, though, can be used to make big and small changes to the way we behave and build, and that is eventually where we’ll see benefits.”尽管，它提供的数据可以被在或大或小地改变我们行为模式和我们建立的生活方式，而最终那就是我们将会看到益处的地方。可知，作者认为使用IoT去解决污染问题是有益的，态度是积极的。故选C项。