Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.
The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”
Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.
To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”
However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.
The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”
1.What is the new way to kill viruses?
A.Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.
B.Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.
C.Locating the position of certain viruses.
D.Damaging the conditions that viruses like.
2.Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?
A.To prove how simple the new theory is.
B.To explain how to start the virus shaking.
C.To suggest the idea comes from our real life.
D.To show the destructive power of vibrations.
3.What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A.The shell structure of viruses.
B.The lack of computer memory.
C.The challenging part of the research.
D.The importance of atoms’ movement.
4.What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?
A.Disapproving. B.Worried.
C.Uncaring. D.Positive.
When you're a teen you start being more aware of what other people think. There seems to be a “right” thing to wear, or say, or do. There also seem to be things that you shouldn’t do-things that could be embarrassing, or lose your points with friends. This can lead to social anxiety.
Some kids feel so anxious that they develop something called social anxiety disorder (障碍), which is diagnosed (诊断) when you worry so much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself.
Kids with social anxiety disorder aren't just nervous when they’re at parties or giving a speech in class. Even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or eating with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder. That's because they fear they might accidentally do something embarrassing or offensive, and it will make others judge or even reject them.
And while kids who are just shy will gradually warm up to new people and situations over time, kids with social anxiety don't. Shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it won't deeply influence your ability to do your job as a teenager, which is to function in school, function in your family, and to have friends and be a part of your peer-related community. But social anxiety will.
Many teens experience anxiety disorders. Being brave and telling someone how you feel might seem scary, but if you can get over that obstacle, someone will want to listen. Asking for help can be hard, but it really is important.
1.What is the main cause of social anxiety?
A.Lack of friendship. B.One's appearance.
C.School performance. D.Other’s judgment.
2.Who is most likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety?
A.Alice, who skips school to avoid answering questions in class.
B.David, who always thinks he can't do as well as his classmates.
C.Chris, who feels nervous every time he gives a speech in public.
D.Jenny, who has been in low spirits since she failed the last exam.
3.Social anxiety disorder differs from shyness in that .
A.it influences people around you
B.it only makes your grades suffer
C.it greatly affects your normal life
D.it is related to your study or work
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.What Is Social Anxiety Disorder
B.How Social Fear Ruins Relationships
C.Why Teens Suffer from Social Anxiety?
D.When Anxiety Disorders Go Unnoticed
An American brother and sister have survived a 14-hour swim to safety in the Caribbean after the fishing boat they had rented sank off the north coast of St Lucia.
Dan Susk, 30-year-old IT professional from San Francisco, said he had been fishing in rough seas with help from his sister, Kate Suski, a 39-year-old architect, when the ship began to sink on 21April. Water flooded the engine room. The captain threw life jackets to the Suski and said, “Jump out! Jump out!” The Suski obeyed and jumped into the water with the captain and the first mate (大副). Less than five minutes later the boat sank. They were at least eight mile was telling us to stay together, and that help was on its way and that we needed to wait, Kate Suski said. After an hour, when no help came, the Suski decided to swim for it and lost sight of the captain and the first mate.
A helicopter appeared in the distance but no one spotted them. Several hours went by, and the sun began to set. “There’s this very real understanding that the situation is dire,” Kate Suski said both considered the possible ways we might die. Would we drown? Be eaten by a shark? Would our legs give out and make it impossible to swim?
They swam for 12 to 14 hours, talking as they pushed and trembled their way through the ocean. When in the moonlight they finally came within about 10 meters of land they realized that they were looking at steep rocky cliffs and would be beaten to death against them if they tried to approach any closer. They swam until they noticed sand nearby around midnight and dragged themselves ashore. Later, the Suski were treated in hospital. They learned that the captain and the first mate were rescued after spending nearly 23 hours in the water.
1.How many people were there on the fishing boat before it sank?
A.5. B.4.
C.3. D.2
2.What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Awkward B.Serious
C.Perfect. D.Different
3.What do we know about the Suskis?
A.They were rescued by a helicopter.
B.They survived 23 hours in the water.
C.They swam over eight miles to the shore
D.They got back on land as soon as they saw it.
4.Which of the following can best describe the Suskis?
A.Brave and calm. B.Strong and sensitive
C.Optimistic and generous. D.Faithful and curious
London’s Must-See Exhibitions
This year is zipping along at quite a speed, and London's already witnessed some great exhibitions. But big treats are still to come.
Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and Starry Night at Tate Britain
A major exhibition at Tate Britain, which examines how Van Gogh was inspired by British art, and how he in turn inspired British artists. His famous painting Sunflowers fills the gallery with joy, while a work of a red-haired man with piercing (锐利的) blue eyes stares out at visitors.
The EY Exhibition: Van Gogh and Britain at Tate Britain. Until 11 August, £22.
Glass Master at Kew Gardens
Dale Chihuly creates sculptures out of glass that we would normally think impossible. His bright colorful forms twist and expand as if they are living creatures. With 32 of his sculptures around Kew Gardens, we're looking forward to Kew becoming even more beautiful than it already is.
Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature at Kew Gardens. 13 April-27 October, £13.75.
More of Moore at Museum of London
Henry Moore is best-known for his abstract figure sculptures, with a fantastic collection at the British Museum. What many won't know about is his obsession (痴迷) with armour (盔甲), and the sculptures he created inspired by Renaissance armour. Actually, they're going on display at Museum of London, next to the armour that inspired them.
Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads at Museum of London. Until 23 October, £11.
Shining a Light on Rembrandt at Dulwich Picture Gallery
Dulwich Picture Gallery commemorates 350 years since the death of Rembrandt with an exhibition on the man who mastered the use of light and dark in his paintings. The last Rembrandt exhibition in London was superb — more of the same, please.
Rembrandt's Light at Dulwich Picture Gallery. 2 October-2 December, £15.
1.At which place can you enjoy Van Gogh’s paintings?
A.Tate Britain. B.Kew Gardens.
C.Museum of London. D.Dulwich Picture Gallery.
2.What is the feature of Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads?
A.Henry Moore’s best-known sculptures.
B.A fantastic collection of abstract paintings.
C.Sculptures inspired by Renaissance armour.
D.Paintings of impressive armour in past times
3.Which of the exhibitions is available in November?
A.The EY Exhibition Van Gogh and Britain.
B.Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature.
C.Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads.
D.Rembrandt’s Light.
假定你是李华，新落成的外文书店为增加访客量，现向市民征求建议，请给书店经理Mr Davis写一封建议信，内容包括：
1.拥有宽敞的空间以提供良好的阅读体验
2.提供咨询，讲座等服务
3.其他建议（至少一条）
要求：1.词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
Dear Mr Davis,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Friday afternoon, I stayed home. When night fell, my parents wasn't back home yet. I stopped doing my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait. With no experience of cooking, I went online to find informations for how to cook home-style dishes. With the step-by-step directions, I managed to made one dish. Feeling confident, so I made two more. When parents got home, they were amazed to see the taste dishes I had made. Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug. We real enjoyed the meal that evening.
