Question

    Sport is not only physically challenging , but it can also be mentally challenging . Criticism (批评) from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes . Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable .

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself .The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware ,at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw ( mistake ) in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting , young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game , many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout .

1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph ?

A.Mental stress should be reduced . B.Sport should be made less competitive .

C.Stress should be made less. D.Sport can be mentally challenging .

2.According to the passage , young people like sport because         .

A.it can help them learn more about society

B.it enables them to criticize themselves

C.it can provide them with valuable experiences

D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

3.According to the passage , parents and coaches should       .

A.enable children to enjoy sport B.help children to win every game

C.train children to deal with stress D.understand the meaning of sport

4.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is       .

A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

B.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

C.to stress the importance of encouraging children

D.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.C

【解析】

本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。

1.

主旨大意题。根据第一段中心句Sport is not only physically challenging , but it can also be mentally challenging.体育运动不仅是对体力的挑战，而且是对精神的挑战。所以第一段主要讲的是体育运动对精神的挑战。故选D项。

2.

细节理解题。根据第二段中的The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。因此，年轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。故选C项。

3.

推理判断题。根据第三段In today’s youth sport setting , young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game , many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. 在如今的青少年体育环境中，年轻运动员可能更担心谁会赢，而不是享受自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺。因此判断出，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体育活动。故选A项。

4.

推理判断题。根据最后一段Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. 积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响。推测作者写这篇文章的目的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。故选C项。