Human beings can use language to communicate, but what about animals? How do they communicate with each other without using language? Well, different animals use different types of communication.
Sounds are one of the most common types of communication in animals. Bats usually follow sound waves to communicate. Birds communicate through their chirping(唧唧叫).Mammals generally use sounds to give calls to other members of their community and whales are good at using sound waves.
Besides sounds, facial expressions are also used by animals. For example, when dogs are angry, they show their teeth barking and raise their ears. When they’re frightened, they pull their ears behind with the mouth open. For another example, when the parent bird brings food for the baby bird, the “begging expression” can be observed on its face.
Next, gestures and body movements are also common in animals. For example, honey bees dance to communicate. A deer waves its tail to warn others of some danger coming closer. A gorilla sticks its tongue out to express anger.
Many animals communicate through smells. They give off pheromones (信息素)to express messages to other animals. Wolves, deer and insects generally use this type of communication. Even amoebas (变形虫)need to communicate and do it by giving out chemicals. The animals use this type of communication to attract others for giving birth to baby animals.
Besides the above means of communication, some animals communicate by touching each other. For example, monkeys express feelings by touching each other’s hands, and they even give hugs and kisses to express love.
1.When a dog shows its teeth barking and raises its－ears, it must be _________.
A.expressing its fear B.expressing its anger
C.begging its owner for something D.warning its owner of some danger
2.Smells are used by animals mainly to _________.
A.produce their young B.drive their enemies away
C.show their different feelings D.ask for some food
3.We can learn from the passage that _________.
A.a deer will waves its tail once it senses danger
B.most animals use their smells to attract others
C.bats are better at using sound waves than whales
D.a gorilla sticks its tongue out when it’s frightened
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Sounds are the most common type of communication in animals.
B.Human beings can use language to communicate, but animals can’t.
C.Animals can communicate with each other without using language.
D.Animals communicate with each other in different ways, such as sound, smell etc.
The strangeness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be covered up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars (把手). It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to ride violently. You can watch a movie while you ride by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But people in the station have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help air to move, the carbon dioxide you breathe in may form a cloud around you head. You can end up with a carbon- dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat, “Your inner ear thinks you’re falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying－that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days－truly terrible days for some people－astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so important that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is not only about science and the future. They should make sure that any astronaut can return home, and, more importantly, the astronauts keep strong and fit for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
1.What is the major difficulty to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
B.Deciding on a proper sleep position.
C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon dioxide headache when _________.
A.they circle around on their bikes.
B.they watch a movie while pedaling.
C.they use microcomputers without a stop.
D.they exercise in one place for a long time.
3.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _________.
A.how much exercise they do on the station
B.whether they can recover after returning home
C.how they can remain healthy for long in space
D.whether they are able to go back to the station
4.What does the author think of about life in space?
A.Strange B.Funny C.Violent D.Unhealthy
Alice Walker makes her living by writing. And her poems, short stories, and novels have won many prizes for her. She was born in Eatonton, Georgia; she went to public schools there, and then to Spelman College in Atlanta before coming to New York to attend Sarah Lawrence College, from which she graduated in 1965. For a time she lived in Jackson, Mississippi, with her lawyer husband and small daughter.
About Langston Hughes, an American Poet, in her first book for children, she says, “After my first meeting with Langston Hughes, I promised I would write a book for children someday. Why? Because, at twenty-two, I knew next to nothing of his work but he didn’t scold me. He just gave me a pile of his books. And he was kind to me. I will always be thankful that in his warmth he fulfilled my deepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be.”
“To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by when I don’t think of him or speak of him. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a full basket of oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished by time. He said he liked oranges, too.”
1.In the passage, Alice Walker is _________.
A.a researcher at Sarah Lawrence College
B.a professor at Sarah Lawrence College
C.a writer of plays for children
D.a prize-winning writer
2.From the passage we can conclude that Alice Walker was twenty-two years old when _________.
A.she moved to Jackson, Mississippi B.she moved to New York
C.she first met with Langston Hughes D.Langston Hughes died
3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A.speak to someone happily B.speak to someone angrily
C.speak to someone proudly D.speak to someone eagerly.
4.What is the main topic of the passage? _________
A.Alice Walker and her thoughts on Langston Hughes.
B.The childhood of Alice Walker and Langston Hughes.
C.Langston Hughes, American poet.
D.Langston Hughes’ books about Alice Walker.
Field trip guide
Where: Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Contact: Susan Kain 208-467-9278
Suitability: Adults, Teens
Looking for volunteers (18 or older)to help at a station for our Discover Wildlife Journeys field trip for 4th-6th graders! No teaching experience necessary. All training provided.
The field trips are Tuesdays through Thursdays 9:30 am-2:30 pm September and October.
Sales clerk
Where: Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337
Suitability: Adults
A volunteer job with Discover Your Northwest is open for part-time work year round. Volunteers will help customers and provide cashier (出纳员)duties in a small bookstore in the Class A visitor center at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.
RV volunteer
Where: Natchez National Historical Park
Contact: Melissa Tynes 601-446-5790
Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family
There are many chances at Natchez National Historical Park, including Visitor Center Assistant, Gardener, Tour Guide, etc. Two RV sites have just been added! We require at least 32 hours of service a week, per site, and at least 3 months of volunteer service. Volunteers should have the ability to communicate with visitors of different age groups and cultures.
Visitor Center host
Where: Kingsley Plantation
Contact: Emily Palmer 904-251-3537
Suitability: Adults
Volunteers provide services to park visitors on a daily basis. Primary duties include greeting visitors in the Visitor Center, answering questions about the park, making sales, answering phone calls, etc.
Skills needed: Good communication skills and an interest in natural and cultural history.
1.What is a requirement for volunteering as field trip guides?
A.Teaching experience is a must.
B.Volunteers must work every day.
C.3 months of volunteer service is required.
D.Volunteers must be at least 18 years old.
2.Which number should you call if you want to volunteer in a bookstore?
A.208-467-9278. B.601-446-5790.
C.800-865-8337. D.904-251-3537.
3.Which of the following is suitable for family volunteers?
A.Field trip guide. B.Sales clerk.
C.RV volunteer. D.Visitor Center host.
假如你是红星中学高一年级李华，你的笔友Peter对中国传统节日感兴趣，你给他发一个email, 介绍中国春节，内容如下：
1. 时间, 和谁一起庆祝, 意义
2. 节前的准备活动：打扫卫生，贴福字、春联（spring couplets），装饰......
3. 节日期间活动：放鞭炮、烟花，包饺子，吃年夜饭（family reunion dinner）……
4. 加一个合适的结尾，体现交际性
5. 内容不少于60词
注意：必须包括以上内容，可以适当增加细节。
开头如下：必须抄写
Dear Peter,
How are you getting on? Knowing that you are interested in Chinese traditional festivals, I am writing to give you a brief account of the Spring Festival.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
句子翻译
1.跑前热身和跑后放松是很重要的，这样你就不会受伤。
2.人们相信将“福”字倒着贴，福就会到来。
3.离开的想法曾在脑中闪过，但是他很快放弃了这个念头，并找到了应对挑战的办法。
