Question

    Business is the organized approach（途径） to providing customers with the goods and services they want.

The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a profit(利润)-that is, they aim to achieve income(收入) that is more than the costs of operating the business.1. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental（非政府的） service providers.2.

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques(方法) of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3. One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies(政策) with respect to production; sales; the purchase(购买) of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting(会计). 4. The third relates to the establishment(建立) of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 5.

A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C.Examples of nonprofit business top management and operative management.

D.However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs

E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F.In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.G

4.E

5.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了商业上的一些情况，商业的运转需要商业的管理，这种管理涉及到商业计划，发展方向和公司的管理调控等三个方面，本文围绕这几个方面进行了介绍。

1.

根据空后“通常被称为非营利组织，主要是非政府服务提供商”可知，空处应承接下文，对“非营利企业”进行说明，故D选项“然而，一些企业只寻求赚足够的钱来支付他们的运营成本”切题，且空处与上文 “大多数企业都在寻求利润——也就是说，他们的目标是获得超过企业运营成本的收入”形成转折关系，故选D项。

2.

根据上文提到非营利公司，下文列举了几种非营利组织，故C选项“非营利企业的例子包括社会服务机构和许多医院”切题，承上启下。故选C项。

3.

根据第二段的第一句“商业管理是一个术语，用于描述业务运营的计划、指导和控制技术”是主题句，起到总领下文的作用，接下来从三方面进行分述the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business，按顺序先说planning。故G项“企业管理中的计划有三个主要方面”切题。故选G项。

4.

根据上文经营管理计划有三个方面和前面的One，后面句中的The third可知，空处讲述的是第二方面， 故E项“第二个方面与各部门对这些政策的应用有关”切题。故选E项。

5.

根据本段第一句“商业管理是一个术语，用于描述业务运营的计划、指导和控制技术”起到总领下文的作用可知，本段主要讲述the techniques of planning, direction, and control三个方面，前文讲了两个方面，由此判断接下来是第三个方面“control”，故A项“控制包括使用记录和报告将实际工作与工作的既定标准进行比较”切题。故选A项。