NASA Student Competitions
NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world. The course includes 14 roadblocks and 5 tasks, and teams must successfully follow NASA instructions. Each U.S. school may enter up to two teams. For international entries, no more than four teams from each country will be accepted.
International Team Registration Deadline: July 12
U.S. Team Registration Deadline: August 16
NASA Lunabotics Competition
Lunabotics challenges teams to design, build and run their autonomously operated robot, travel through simulated off-world areas and dig the simulated lunar soil. This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.
Registration Deadline: July 18
NASA SUITS Design Challenge
NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024! This activity challenges students to design and create spacesuit information displays within AR environments.
Proposal Deadline: July 25
2020 BIG Idea Challenge
NASA’s 2020 Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-changing (BIG) Idea Challenge is open to teams of 5 to 20 students. Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions. Selected teams will receive awards from $50,000 to $180,000 to bring their ideas to life!
Entry Deadline: August 16
1.John, a student who is good at designing vehicles, can enter______________.
A.2020 BIG Idea Challenge B.NASA Lunabotics Competition
C.NASA SUITS Design Challenge D.NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
2.What does NASA Lunabotics Competition require of participants?
A.They need to finish building their robot on July 18.
B.They have to complete a course of 5 tasks.
C.They need to create their own simulated environments.
D.They should write a paper showing how they build their robot.
3.Which of the following statements about the last two competitions is true?
A.They both require submitting proposals before August.
B.They both ask participants to bring their ideas to life.
C.They are both preparations for Moon exploration.
D.Both of them will present winners with big awards.
假定你是李华。由于周末与家人郊游，错过查收交换生Linda发给你的电子邮件，而失去了参加她的生日派对的机会。请你给她写一封致歉信。
内容包括：1.写信的目的；
2.解释错过邀约的原因；
3.提出弥补的办法。
注意：词数100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Linda,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week, I have an accident in the parking lot beside my house. I was just going around the corner when a man crashed into him with his shopping basket. It was impossible see each other after the accident because the corner was very darkness and the lights didn’t even work. So I fell, got knocked out and was serious hurt. Although the parking lot paid for the accident, but I still want to give some advices to the parking lot. Always get the lights checking at least once a week and make sure the floor is dry all the time, that would help make the parking lot a safer place.
Thick fog was covering the grassland, where Sarah had to walk to go to school alone. “I can’t see anything in this fog.” Sarah _______.
Suddenly, a huge gray shape appeared. She stopped, staring wide-eyed at the _______. “Please be the only one, please, ...” Sarah whispered. _______ it wasn’t. Sarah felt _______ as more cows came into view.
Sarah moved to Grandpa’s home in the _______ when her parents divorced. She _______ the previous home in a big city, where she walked to school with her friend beside her. The most dangerous animal she had to _______ was Mrs. Carson’s little dog. She had been here two months and hadn’t made any new _______. Girls here played double-dutch jump rope(双绳跳). Sarah knew how to jump only one rope at a time.
Sarah saw a wall of cows that was _______ her from getting to the road. “I’ll be ________”, she said with a ________ look, and then searched for a path she could pass. “Excuse me,” she said, as if cows appreciated her ________ manners. Not one cow moved.
Tired of being ________ by cows, she pulled a long branch from a tree. She waved the long branch in front of her.“Hoo…ha,” she ________ and shaking the branch. The cows ________ chewing, and then the nearest cow looked directly at Sarah. Feeling ________, Sarah tried to stop her legs from shaking and stared at the cow. After a long moment, the cow turned away and rushed into others. A narrow ________ appeared in front of Sarah. Sarah made her way to the road.
________ Sarah reached school in time. She ________ it. Sarah thought maybe she should ________double-dutch jump rope and make more friends.
1.A.explained B.complained C.argued D.agreed
2.A.dog B.man C.girl D.cow
3.A.And B.Or C.But D.So
4.A.excited B.disappointed C.confident D.bored
5.A.city B.countryside C.town D.downtown
6.A.discovered B.repaired C.preferred D.visited
7.A.see B.keep C.train D.face
8.A.friends B.plans C.choices D.decisions
9.A.protecting B.preventing C.saving D.separating
10.A.late B.poor C.busy D.angry
11.A.surprised B.worried C.lovely D.red
12.A.good B.perfect C.formal D.traditional
13.A.refused B.doubted C.hurt D.ignored
14.A.whispered B.spoke C.talked D.shouted
15.A.started B.enjoyed C.stopped D.continued
16.A.interested B.curious C.sad D.scared
17.A.bridge B.path C.door D.entrance
18.A.Finally B.Surely C.Hopefully D.Actually
19.A.made B.changed C.believed D.understood
20.A.win B.improve C.try D.teach
Three simple keys to success
Being successful means different things to different people.1. My point is, the specifics involved in finding success can vary greatly, depending on your goal.
There are three basic components necessary for finding success, regardless of the specifics of your pursuit. And, since the desire for ownership is the driving force behind acquisition, I’ll use the word OWN as my simple three-item method for success:
1.O-Opportunity: One of the most important components in finding success is being able to identify opportunity. It is to success what wind is to sailing. 2. Identifying opportunity is the first step: awareness sets your sails for success while your motivation provides the wind.
2.W-Wisdom: By definition, wisdom is the accurate application of knowledge. 3. It requires clear understanding, great insight (洞察力) and good judgment. Once opportunity is identified, you must use all your inner resources to seize it and make the most of it. 4.Finding success when opportunity presents itself often means reaching out for help in areas where you have weakness or lack of knowledge.
3. N-Never give up: This might possibly be the most important for success. The key is to first break your goal down into workable parts so you don’t feel pressured, and then to work each part at ease with both enthusiasm and purpose. 5. Having this attitude keeps you moving in the face of trouble and becomes the driving force behind most success stories.
A.It takes a lot of time effort and determination to succeed.
B.Besides, wisdom means knowing your limitations.
C.But wisdom involves more than just knowing.
D.You simply can’t have one without the other.
E.Being successful demands doing well.
F.The road to success is being largely determined by what result you want to achieve.
G.You’ll finally succeed if you follow these steps.
If an emperor penguin wants to survive in the worst of an Antarctic winter, there is no such thing as personal space. The large birds are known to stay very close to each other, feather to feather, in groups of thousands to keep out the cold.
For the first time, German researchers show that these gatherings are carefully organized structures, in which single penguins can cause mass movements within the group that is similar to the movements of cars in a traffic jam.
“If one penguin starts a wave, perhaps walking too close to its neighbor, it travels like a Mexican wave in a football stadium,” said physicist Daniel Zitterbart. The Mexican wave happens when all the people watching a sport stand up, move their arms up and down, and sit down again one after the other in a continuous movement looking like a wave on the sea.
Emperor penguins gather in formation when the temperatures drop below -18℃, using each other’s bodies to keep warm. They arrived at an arrangement that physicists recognize as a “triangular lattice structure”, with a penguin at each point of the triangle. “They gather just by their natural ability,” said Zitterbart who filmed and then analyzed the movements of the penguins.
The researchers explain that the movements of a single bird within the huddle (挤作一团的动物) can set off a chain reaction that travels through the rest of the group.
That movement is similar to what happens when a single car in a traffic jam moves forward, setting off a chain reaction of tiny movements by all of the cars behind it. But there’s a difference: only the first car in the jam can start off the group movement. On the ice, any penguin among the crowd can cause a wave of small movements.
“This is one case where a traffic jam is very useful,” said Zitterbart.
1.What do we know about the Mexican wave?
A.It is the major cause of penguins movements.
B.It is a dangerous incident that happens in stadium.
C.It is a complex structure organized by penguins.
D.It works like the movements of cars in a traffic jam.
2.Penguins’ formations .
A.often cause trouble B.are well arranged
C.are taught by physicists D.usually move in a square shape
3.What will happen if a penguin moves in the huddle?
A.Other penguins will move one after another.
B.The penguins will spread out on the ice.
C.The whole group will move to another place.
D.Other penguins will just stay where they are.
4.Penguins “traffic jam” can help them .
A.hatch their eggs B.communicate
C.keep warm D.protect their feathers
