Question

    Stephen Hawking was regarded as one of the most brilliant physicists in history. His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly. His best-selling books also appealed to a number of readers.

Stephen Hawking had a challenging life. He was born in England on Jan. 8, 1942-300 years to the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei. He attended University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, despite his father’s urging to focus on medicine. Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology.

In early 1963, just before his 2lst birthday, Hawking suffered from a serious disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. He was not expected to live more than two years. Completing his doctor’s degree did not appear likely. Yet, Hawking had overcome the great difficulties, not only attaining his Ph. D. but also building new roads into the understanding of the universe in the decades since.

Hawking continued at Cambridge after his graduation, serving as a research fellow and later as a professional fellow. In 1974，he was inducted（正式就职）into the Royal Society，a worldwide fellowship of scientists. In 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the most famous academic chair in the world.

As the disease spread, Hawking became less mobile and began using a wheelchair. Talking grew more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency tracheotomy（气管切开术）caused his total loss of speech. A speech-generating device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serving as his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek. Hawking died on March 14, 2018.

1.What greatly influenced the field Stephen Hawking studied?

A.Stephen Hawking’s best-selling books.

B.His research on the Big Bang and black holes.

C.Stephen Hawking’s talent.

D.The origins and structure of the universe.

2.What does the underlined word “cosmology” in paragraph 2 mean?

A.A study about universe.

B.A subject of medicine.

C.A research on time.

D.A project in Cambridge.

3.What happened to Stephen Hawking in early 1963?

A.He became world famous.

B.He achieved his doctor’s degree.

C.He was badly affected by a serious disease.

D.He built new roads into the understanding of the universe.

4.How did Stephen Hawking express himself finally?

A.By using body language.

B.With the help of an operation.

C.By using a speech-generating device.

D.With the help of some people.

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.C

【解析】

这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了杰出的物理学家霍金以及与他有关的事宜。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段中His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly.“他对宇宙起源和结构的研究，从大爆炸到黑洞，极大地改变了这个领域。”由此可知，他对大爆炸和黑洞的研究极大地影响了斯蒂芬·霍金研究的领域。故选B。

2.

词义猜测题。根据第一段中His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly.“他对宇宙起源和结构的研究，从大爆炸到黑洞，极大地改变了这个领域。”由此可知Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology.中的划线词的意思是“对宇宙的研究”。故选A。

3.

细节理解题。根据第三段第一句In early 1963, just before his 2lst birthday, Hawking suffered from a serious disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease.“1963年初，就在霍金21岁生日前夕，他患上了一种严重的疾病，即众所周知的卢伽雷氏症。”由此可知，1963年初，斯蒂芬·霍金患上了一种严重的疾病。故选C。

4.

细节理解题。根据最后一段中A speech-generating device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serving as his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek.“剑桥大学制造了一个语音生成装置，结合了一个软件程序，作为霍金的电子声音，并允许霍金通过移动脸颊上的肌肉来选择词语。”由此可知，斯蒂芬·霍金最后通过使用语音产生装置来表达自己。故选C。