假定你是李华，你校英国交换生Max想了解中国文化及孔子。请给他写封邮件，邀请他参加关于孔子与中国文化的讲座 , 内容包括：
1.时间、地点、主题；
2. 你对该活动的看法。
参考词汇：孔子Confucius 儒家(学说) : Confucianism
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On one June afternoon，Gene and his brother Rouco were________Gene's yard. It had grown brown and was almost in________in the heat, and the situation needed changing. The new grass was already there, but the job was________. Suddenly, Gene wasn't feeling good. He went inside to rest and________ the couch. Seeing this, his wife, Melissa, called 911 immediately.
_____he was staring down death, Gene had one thing in his mind: the lawn. If the grass wasn't put down that day, it would________. “While he was having his heart attack, almost in and out of ________, he kept begging me to put it down because he didn't want it to go________,” Melissa recalled.
Soon the medical workers arrived and took Gene and Melissa to the hospital, leaving Rouco behind to________the situation. Within an hour, he had________to remove the old grass. He was about to lay the new ones when seven men---the same ones who had________his brother---walked off the emergency vehicle. It turned out that Gene had told them how_______ he'd wanted to get the grass down, so they returned to help.
Fortunately, Gene had a successful operation. He's now fully recovered,________his beautiful lawn at home. The couple are still amazed that those men went________their job duties. "These men________Gene from death, and then came back to save his grass. That's just so awesome.”
1.A.tending B.exploring C.designing D.observing
2.A.control B.innovation C.chaos D.condition
3.A.difficult B.special C.regular D.new
4.A.faded away B.fell off C.calmed down D.rolled over
5.A.As if B.In case C.Now that D.Even though
6.A.slide B.die C.rest D.mix
7.A.consciousness B.celebrity C.experiment D.experience
8.A.diverse B.decent C.different D.waste
9.A.handle B.explain C.outline D.examine
10.A.decided B.managed C.pretended D.emerged
11.A.counted B.recovered C.treated D.connected
12.A.quickly B.finally C.badly D.easily
13.A.sharing B.trying C.missing D.enjoying
14.A.within B.beneath C.beyond D.outside
15.A.pushed B.dragged C.blocked D.pulled
Many people are stuck in a life they don’t want, and are held in places by everything from financial restrictions to social pressures. If you are looking to pursue your dreams, it can be discouraging to change everything at once. 1.
Write down your goals to get them out of your head and into reality. Be honest with yourself about what you want, no matter how impossible it seems and ignore what you “should” do based on the views of your friends, family or society. 2. Don’t leave anything out, no matter how small or silly it sounds. Look at the themes of your list to get an idea of what your dream life will look like.
3. choose one that is relatively easy to accomplish, one that is doable but will require work and one that seems impossible based on your current circumstances and lifestyle. List the steps you will need to take to get to each goal, getting down to the little details.
Start with your smallest goal and work through the steps until you achieve it. Each time you complete one of the steps, cross it off so you can celebrate the process in addition to the end result. 4.
Figure out how you can work your second two goals into your life. 5. If your big dream is to quit your job and travel the world, start a savings account that is dedicated to travel money and set aside a small amount each week for three years. Plan your steps according to the time you set and they will be doable and fit smoothly into your life.
A.Seek support from your friends and family.
B.You will need to have courage to make changes.
C.Identify the top three things that will get you closer to your dream life.
D.When you achieve the goal, find a way to continue integrating it into your life.
E.Choose a deadline for each goal, whether it is one year down the road or five.
F.List the things you want to accomplish in your life, both personal and professional.
G.Instead, making small, gradual changes to prepare the way to dream tries to make the process easier.
From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.
The study of these patterns open up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. Prescriptivism thinks a given language should follow consistent rules, while descriptivism sees variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language.
Language purists(纯化论者) worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown-ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.
More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns.We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster.
But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far.
1.What does the underlined word“deviated”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.copied B.updated C.differed D.originated
2.According to the passage, prescriptivism____________.
A.focuses on established language patterns B.accepts the differences between languages
C.follows the innovations in language patterns D.attaches more importance to written language
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.A new understanding of language. B.The beliefs held by prescriptivists.
C.The impact of grammar on language. D.The ongoing debate between linguists.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.The Importance of Grammar. B.The History of Grammar.
C.Grammar: Rules or Habits. D.Grammar: Writing Rules.
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted that hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes who are from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class out-think and out-feel other animals. Fairly soon, I came to see that whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
1.According to Annie Potts, what ability do hens have?
A.interaction B.analysis C.creation D.abstraction
2.What does the research into pigs show?
A.That pigs learn letters quickly. B.That pigs have a good eyesight.
C.That pigs can build up a good relationship. D.That pigs can apply knowledge to new situations.
3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly suggest?
A.The similarities between mammals and humans.
B.The necessity of long-term studies on mammals.
C.A change in people's attitudes towards animals.
D.A discovery of how animals express themselves.
4.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Inner Lives of Food Animals B.The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C.Science Reports on Food Animals D.A Revolution in Food Animals
Flying High
Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization. The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.
The moment of inspiration for Irving came in his parents’ bookstore. One customer, a professional pilot, asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot. “I told him I wasn’t smart enough; but the next day he took me to the cockpit (驾驶舱) of the commercial airplane he flew, and just like that I was hooked.”
To follow his dream, Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator (模拟) video game. Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world. He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components. He took off with no weather radar, no de-icing system, and just $30 in his pocket.
After 97 days, 26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms, he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami. “It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers. “We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes. The most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides.
1.According to Irving, what is the most important in achieving success?
A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help.
B.Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.
C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish.
D.Developing communication with different organizations.
2.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that ______.
A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer B.he was doubtful about his own abilities
C.he knew his efforts would be rewarded D.he realized immediately how lucky he was
3.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3?
A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.
B.He was finally given enough money to keep going.
C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.
D.He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.
4.Why does Irving set up his non-profit-making organization?
A.Because he hoped to become a public figure.
B.Because he expected to start a business in other fields.
C.Because he saw there was great interest in what he was doing.
D.Because he thought he could teach more than flight schools could.
