It is important to protect yourself from harmful rays. But if you think a high-factor sunscreen keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week’s Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑素瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can’t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn’t have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—no sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it’s not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don’t use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying—recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increase the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, use sunscreen and slap on a hat.
1.What’s people’s common expectation of high-factor sunscreen?
A.It will protect them from sunburn.
B.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
C.It will work for people of any skin color.
D.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Sunscreen can prevent all kinds of skin cancers.
B.The studies are based on direct observation of the subjects.
C.The studies may help people select the most effective sunscreen.
D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
3.What does the author suggest in order to reduce melanoma rates?
A.Staying in the shade whenever possible.
B.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
C.Using both covering up and sunscreen.
D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.No Way to Stop Harmful Rays!
B.Does Sunscreen Prevent Skin Cancer?
C.Did You Use Sunscreen in the Right Way?
D.Skin Cancer—The Biggest Threat to Human Beings!
The Israeli farmers who pioneered the revolutionary technology known as drip irrigation（滴流灌溉） weren’t trying to solve one of the world’s most urgent problems. They were just trying to survive. They lived in the desert, and they didn’t have enough water to grow their crops.
In its simplest form, it was little more than a pipe with holes in it. But behind each hole was a hi-tech dripper that let out just the right amount of water. Snaked along a row of crops so that the holes were positioned directly above the roots, the pipe could direct each precious drop of water directly to the plants, getting a bigger harvest while using a very small amount of water.
Over time, the farmers improved upon the technology, perfecting the drippers that regulated the flow of water, and connecting the pipelines to computers that could determine exactly how much water each plant needed and when.
If the global population kept growing, the rest of the world would increasingly resemble their little community in the desert. So they began selling their irrigation systems in other parts of the world, eventually expanding to more than 110 countries. Netafirm, the company says it’s lifting people out of poverty and conserving water at a time when the importance of doing so has never been clearer.
The mass adoption of drip irrigation won’t save the world by itself. To avoid the coming catastrophe, nearly everybody will, in some way, have to do more with less, perhaps through accepting and using other new technologies. Otherwise, it’s going to get ugly.
1.Why is drip irrigation called “the revolutionary technology”?
A.It saves the world all by itself.
B.It is controlled by computers.
C.It makes irrigation more effective.
D.It provides deserts with water.
2.What does “one of the world’s most urgent problems” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Lacking water. B.Lacking labor.
C.Lacking food. D.Lacking energy.
3.How does the drip irrigation help farmers with crops?
A.By drilling holes on the pipes.
B.By regulating water via drippers.
C.By snaking pipes along the crops.
D.By placing pipes just above roots.
4.Which of the following will be the best slogan for Netafirm to sell the irrigation systems?
A.Less water; More harvest.
B.New technology; New world.
C.More grain; Less starvation.
D.Water saving; World surviving.
Once an old man used to go out to jog every morning. One day he was running around a track that circled the high school football field while the football team was conducting their practice. When the players began running their races up and down the field, the man said to himself determinedly, “I'll just keep running if they don't stop.” So they ran and he ran. They kept on running and he kept on running.
Finally, totally exhausted, the old man had to stop. When he stopped, an equally exhausted football player walked over to him and said, “Sir, I'm glad you finally stopped. Our coach has told us that we have to keep running as long as you are jogging!
It seems to me that we can sometimes find ourselves in a similar kind of situation when it comes to conflicts—that is when we have different opinions about something with someone and get into an argument with him or her, our voices get raised. Neither side wants to be the first to give in, to stop speaking in anger. Everyone has the attitude, “I'll just keep on till he gives in.” So the other party stays mad. So we stay mad. And on we go, finally finding ourselves emotionally and even physically exhausted by the continuing animosity(敌意).
Let me challenge you to do something very difficult. The next time you get into an argument, be the first to give in. Be the first to stop the shouting and the name-calling. Be the first to say, “I'm sorry.” It's the quickest way to stop that. As a saying goes, “A soft answer turns away extreme anger, but a harsh(严厉的）word stirs up anger.”
1.What happened to the old man that day?
A.He guided the students to practice running.
B.He joined the football team to play a game.
C.He asked the players to take care of the football field.
D.He decided to compete with the football players.
2.Why did the football player come to the old man?
A.To show respect for his great courage.
B.To praise him for his good performance.
C.To express satisfaction with his stopping running.
D.To complain to him about his keeping running.
3.What does the underlined word “conflicts” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Misunderstandings. B.Disagreements.
C.Misfortunes. D.Disappointments.
4.What's the purpose of the last paragraph?
A.To provide the effective way to make an apology.
B.To show it is hard for us to take up the challenge.
C.To warn us to control our bad emotion properly.
D.To advise us to take active action when we disagree with others.
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel:020 77130836
1.When is the talk on James Brindley?
A.February 6th. B.December 5th.
C.November 7th. D.March 6th.
2.What is the topic of the talk in February?
A.The Canal Pioneers. B.An Update on the Cotsword Canals
C.Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands D.Ice for the Metropolis
3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.
A.Miranda Vickers B.Malcolm Tucker
C.Chris Lewis D.Liz Payne
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“My Hero”的讨论活动。请你用英语写一篇发言稿,介绍你心中的英雄。要点包括：
1.他/她的职业；2.他/她可称为英雄的理由；3.你对英雄的理解。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头已为你写好。
Good afternoon, everyone._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey. Then we took up. As we left the earth, I became very heavily. Gradually the weight lessen. When I was in space, it was disappeared. We floated weightlessly around in the cabin and I cheered up. When I was on the moon, I was surprising to find even walking needed a bit of practice now that gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very frightened. We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship.
