Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.显然，他缺乏经验，无法胜任这份工作。 (lack)
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2.遍布我们城市各个角落的便利店满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt)
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3.现在越来越多的野生动物正面临着灭绝的威胁，所以是我们要采取措施保护他们时候了。(time)
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4.只有队员之间加强配合并全力以赴，我校篮球队才能在决赛中战胜对手赢得冠军。(Only)
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Directions: Write a summary of the passage in more than 60 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
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Directions: Choose from the sentences A-F to complete the passage. There are extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Practical tips to stay fit for Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is here and lots of people may not only ruin their usual diets, but also gain a few extra pounds.1.. Excessive eating is claimed to be the main cause for the additional weight gain, but it is also due to lack of physical activity and exercise. A lot of individuals out there tend to set aside their fitness routines during the holidays since they believe that they do not have enough time to perform their workouts. And because they feel guilty after the holiday season, most of the gyms and fitness centers are packed with fresh members. 2.. Here are several useful tips that might help you.
Eat before heading out. It is best that you eat something before heading out to visits, trips or family dinners. You will no longer be tempted to eat a lot or overindulge yourself since you have already eaten.
Don’t skip meals, especially breakfast! Even though it can be tempting to skip on certain meals, believing that it will make up for the treats you consumed in the previous day, don’t do it because it will only lead to counterproductive results.
3.. Alcohol, coke or other juices will only add more calories to the ones you already ate!
Make the holidays a family affair. Plan outdoor activities where everyone is involved. Even a tour at the shopping mall will burn a lot of calories and keep the children entertained.
You’d better distribute your meals evenly throughout the day, and do not eat everything at once. 4.. Eat your dinner earlier and have a nice walk before going to bed.
These tips will help you avoid gaining weight during the holiday, and will also allow you to enjoy yourself and have a great time with your loved ones. So there you go!
A.Try to do exercise early in the morning while everyone else is still sleeping.
B.Always bear in mind that you can enjoy the holidays and stay fit at the same time.
C.Instead of having two enormous meals, have five small ones.
D.Based on studies, the majority of people tend to gain additional weight during the holiday season.
E.It is best to regulate your drinking.
F.Prioritize your workouts and try your best to avoid neglecting meals.
Many employees must be tempted to query on a daily basis when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution, for fear of appearing insubordinate or foolish and thus possibly at risk of losing their jobs, often leads workers to keep silent.
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book, “The Fearless Organization”, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her examples are from the airline industry. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between Boeing 747s in the Canary Islands in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to query his captain’s decision to take off based on a misunderstanding of instructions from air-traffic control.
The risks may be lower than life or death in most organizations, but companies also suffer when people keep silent, Ms Edmondson believes. Volkswagen was caught up in a scandal(丑闻) over diesel(柴油)emissions from 2015. The engines of its diesel models did not meet American emissions standards and engineers devised a system to fool the regulators. Ms Edmondson says the company’s culture had been one based on threaten and fear; Ferdinand Piëch, its longtime boss, boasted of telling engineers they had six weeks to improve the bodywork fitting on pain of dismissal. In the circumstances, engineers were understandably unwilling to mention the bad news on emissions standards and instead worked around the problem. In a corporate culture based on fear and intimidation, it may appear that targets are being achieved in the short term. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive. Studies show that fear inhibits learning. And when confronted with a problem, scared workers find ways of covering it up or getting around it with inefficient practices.
The answer is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. In a sense, this is the equivalent of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. This does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are immune from criticism, or that they should complain incessantly.
As mundane(平凡的)tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their creativity. But as Ms Edmondson’s book amply demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.
1.The underlined word “insubordinate” means .
A.being inferior B.disobeying a superior
C.getting aggressive D.being ignorant
2.We can conclude from Paragraph 3 that .
A.Volkswagen’s engineers designed a system to meet American emissions standards
B.when facing problems, scared workers resolve them directly
C.Volkswagen’s engineers were at risk of losing jobs
D.the culture of fear and intimidation must be counterproductive in the long term.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?
A.A culture of being silent can be life-threatening.
B.The risk of keeping silent is not necessarily associated with life and death.
C.Volkswagen’s culture is on the basis of fear.
D.The value of humans lies in originality in today’s highly-automated world.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.An introduction to Amy Edmondson’s new book.
B.The disadvantages of fear and intimidation culture.
C.Companies will perform better if employees are not threatened into silence.
D.People need to be confident when they are speaking out.
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A.students who want to learn at home
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C.FutureLearn aims to totally change access to education.
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According to the ancient Greek mythology, King Midas might be one of the world’s earliest alchemist, who was granted by the god Dionysus the magic power to turn anything he touched into gold. Unfortunately, the king soon realized that this ability was more of a curse than of a gift as he had to suffer the loss of many of life’s real pleasures, including the taste of good food and the embrace of his beloved daughter.
While the story of the greedy Midas is meant to warn against becoming a slave to one’s desires, it also reflects our human greed for gold. This extremely attractive metal has captivated humans over thousands of years, ever since the days of the ancient Egyptians, and has been the basis of currency for many civilizations over centuries.
Today gold remains the foundation of the luxury jewellery industry and, in recent years, has become one of the most prominent materials in the production of our latest necessity --- modern electronics. Gold is used to make many of the devices we love, such as cellphones, tablets and laptops. This is due to its highly efficient electrical properties and its resistance to corrosion, which are unmatched by any other metal. But the manufacturing of just 40 mobile phones requires approximately one gram of gold, which corresponds to nearly a ton of mined ore. Given the persistent rise in electronics production, and the limited and decreasing supply of gold, how will we maintain the supply of this precious material for many years to come?
One solution might be found in the recycling of electronic waste, a process often referred to as urban mining. Given that a metric tonne of recycled laptop circuit boards can have between 40 and 800 times more gold than found in a metric tonne of ore, it seems unreasonable to redeposit the precious metal into the earth via landfills. Despite this, and the fact that urban mining is growing more cost-effective by the day, only 20 per cent of all electronic waste is currently recycled. In 2017, the Global E-Waste Monitor projected that the amount of electronic waste generated by the end of 2021 would reach 52.2 million metric tonnes.
It is estimated that the value of the gold in our garbage exceeds €10 billion ($11.2 billion). On top of that, the many other precious metals in the garbage, such as silver, copper and platinum, add even more value to our waste. Therefore, given its economic and technological importance, it is time to consider whether other sources of gold, which are not yet decidedly possible to access, can also be exploited in the future.
While King Midas might have appealed to the gods for an easy solution to acquire gold, modern alchemists use the latest technology to achieve ancient dreams. It is these qualities that might eventually lead to environmentally mindful and energy-efficient technologies for extracting gold from incredible places.
1.The underlined word “captivated” in paragraph two can be best replaced by .
A.cultivated B.jailed C.satisfied D.tempted
2.Which of the following is NOT one of the many uses of gold in history and modern time?
A.aiding the business of waste recycling industry.
B.being used in manufacturing jewellery.
C.constituting an essential part of electronic devices.
D.forming the basis of currency.
3.According to paragraph four, what is the purpose of “urban mining”？
A.To save more laptop circuit from being wasted.
B.To deposit more precious gold.
C.To preserve gold for future use.
D.To make a profit by recycling life garbage.
4.The author uses the story of “King Midas” to .
A.analyze the loss caused by electronic waste
B.illustrate the magic power of urban mining
C.interest the readers with the rich history of ancient Greece
D.warn the world against becoming slaves to material gains
