Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生 Alice，你的好朋友 Mary 进入高三以后，学习热情骤减， 成绩下降，甚至产生厌学情绪，她写信向你倾诉，说学习压力太大，生活没有目标，家长老师不能够理解她等等。针对她的情况，请你给她写封回信，安慰她，并向她提出合理的建议。
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Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.显然，他缺乏经验，无法胜任这份工作。 (lack)
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2.遍布我们城市各个角落的便利店满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt)
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3.现在越来越多的野生动物正面临着灭绝的威胁，所以是我们要采取措施保护他们时候了。(time)
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4.只有队员之间加强配合并全力以赴，我校篮球队才能在决赛中战胜对手赢得冠军。(Only)
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Directions: Write a summary of the passage in more than 60 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
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Directions: Choose from the sentences A-F to complete the passage. There are extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Practical tips to stay fit for Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is here and lots of people may not only ruin their usual diets, but also gain a few extra pounds.1.. Excessive eating is claimed to be the main cause for the additional weight gain, but it is also due to lack of physical activity and exercise. A lot of individuals out there tend to set aside their fitness routines during the holidays since they believe that they do not have enough time to perform their workouts. And because they feel guilty after the holiday season, most of the gyms and fitness centers are packed with fresh members. 2.. Here are several useful tips that might help you.
Eat before heading out. It is best that you eat something before heading out to visits, trips or family dinners. You will no longer be tempted to eat a lot or overindulge yourself since you have already eaten.
Don’t skip meals, especially breakfast! Even though it can be tempting to skip on certain meals, believing that it will make up for the treats you consumed in the previous day, don’t do it because it will only lead to counterproductive results.
3.. Alcohol, coke or other juices will only add more calories to the ones you already ate!
Make the holidays a family affair. Plan outdoor activities where everyone is involved. Even a tour at the shopping mall will burn a lot of calories and keep the children entertained.
You’d better distribute your meals evenly throughout the day, and do not eat everything at once. 4.. Eat your dinner earlier and have a nice walk before going to bed.
These tips will help you avoid gaining weight during the holiday, and will also allow you to enjoy yourself and have a great time with your loved ones. So there you go!
A.Try to do exercise early in the morning while everyone else is still sleeping.
B.Always bear in mind that you can enjoy the holidays and stay fit at the same time.
C.Instead of having two enormous meals, have five small ones.
D.Based on studies, the majority of people tend to gain additional weight during the holiday season.
E.It is best to regulate your drinking.
F.Prioritize your workouts and try your best to avoid neglecting meals.
Many employees must be tempted to query on a daily basis when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution, for fear of appearing insubordinate or foolish and thus possibly at risk of losing their jobs, often leads workers to keep silent.
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book, “The Fearless Organization”, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her examples are from the airline industry. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between Boeing 747s in the Canary Islands in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to query his captain’s decision to take off based on a misunderstanding of instructions from air-traffic control.
The risks may be lower than life or death in most organizations, but companies also suffer when people keep silent, Ms Edmondson believes. Volkswagen was caught up in a scandal(丑闻) over diesel(柴油)emissions from 2015. The engines of its diesel models did not meet American emissions standards and engineers devised a system to fool the regulators. Ms Edmondson says the company’s culture had been one based on threaten and fear; Ferdinand Piëch, its longtime boss, boasted of telling engineers they had six weeks to improve the bodywork fitting on pain of dismissal. In the circumstances, engineers were understandably unwilling to mention the bad news on emissions standards and instead worked around the problem. In a corporate culture based on fear and intimidation, it may appear that targets are being achieved in the short term. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive. Studies show that fear inhibits learning. And when confronted with a problem, scared workers find ways of covering it up or getting around it with inefficient practices.
The answer is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. In a sense, this is the equivalent of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. This does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are immune from criticism, or that they should complain incessantly.
As mundane(平凡的)tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their creativity. But as Ms Edmondson’s book amply demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.
1.The underlined word “insubordinate” means .
A.being inferior B.disobeying a superior
C.getting aggressive D.being ignorant
2.We can conclude from Paragraph 3 that .
A.Volkswagen’s engineers designed a system to meet American emissions standards
B.when facing problems, scared workers resolve them directly
C.Volkswagen’s engineers were at risk of losing jobs
D.the culture of fear and intimidation must be counterproductive in the long term.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?
A.A culture of being silent can be life-threatening.
B.The risk of keeping silent is not necessarily associated with life and death.
C.Volkswagen’s culture is on the basis of fear.
D.The value of humans lies in originality in today’s highly-automated world.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.An introduction to Amy Edmondson’s new book.
B.The disadvantages of fear and intimidation culture.
C.Companies will perform better if employees are not threatened into silence.
D.People need to be confident when they are speaking out.
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