Question

    Elizabeth Blackwell is a British-born woman physician (医师). She was born in 1821 in England. Her father decided to move the family to the United States in 1832 after his factory was destroyed by fire. It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman. Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted to study in a medical school. But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.

Elizabeth discussed it with her family. Her family supported her. However, all the medical colleges refused her except Geneva Medical College in New York. When she graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1849, she became the first woman in America to earn the M. D. degree. She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later. Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856. Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857. After establishing the infirmary. Elizabeth Blackwell went on a year-long lecture tour of Great Britain. Her lectures and personal example inspired more women to take up medicine as a profession.

When the American Civil War broke out, the Blackwell sisters aided in nursing efforts. After the end of the war, Elizabeth Blackwell carried out a plan that she had developed together with her friend Florence Nightingale while in England. She opened the Women’s Medical College with her sister. This college was operated under her sister’s management. She moved to England the next year. There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.

As her health declined, Blackwell gave up the practice of medicine in the late 1870s, though she still campaigned for reform (改革). On 31 May 1910, she died at home in England.

1.What probably made Elizabeth determine to learn medicine?

A.Her family’s expectation.

B.Her interest in medicine.

C.Her friend’s suggestion.

D.Her friend’s medical talent.

2.How old was Elizabeth when she opened the hospital for women and children?

A.28. B.30. C.36. D.37.

3.Who was in charge of the Women’s Medical College?

A.Marie Zakrzewska. B.Emily Blackwell.

C.Elizabeth Blackwell. D.Florence Nightingale.

4.Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth?

A.Simple and hardworking. B.Determined and caring.

C.Curious and patient. D.Gentle and peace-loving.

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.B

4.B

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国第一位获得医学博士学位的女性医生Elizabeth Blackwell（伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔）的一生以及她为医学做出的贡献。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman.”可知，她开始学习医学是在一个快要死的亲密的朋友说如果她的医生是个女人，她就不会遭受这么多痛苦之后。再根据第一段句子“But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.”可知，在朋友死后，她开始认真考虑朋友的建议。综上所述可以推断出，可能是朋友的建议让伊丽莎白决定学医。故选C项。

2.

细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“She was born in 1821 in England.”可知，伊丽莎白是1821出生的。再根据第二段关键句“Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857.”可知，她是在1857开了一家妇幼医院。综上所述可推断出，当伊丽莎白开办妇幼医院时，她36岁（1857-1821=36）。故选C项。

3.

细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“She opened the Women’s Medical College with her sister. This college was operated under her sister’s management.”可知，医学院是由她的妹妹管理的。再根据第二段关键句“Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856.”可知，她的妹妹是Dr. Emily Blackwell。综上所述可推断出，负责管理女子医学院的是Emily Blackwell。故选B项。

4.

细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later.”及文章内容可知，她毕业后作为一名年轻的女医生，她没有多少机会，但她并没有放弃梦想。两年后，她开办了自己的办公室。由此可推断出伊丽莎白是一个有决心的人。再根据第三段关键句“There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.”及文章内容可知，伊丽莎白的一生创立了妇幼医院，伦敦女子医学院和国家健康协会等多个组织，都是为了人们的健康和女性医生服务的，由此可推断出她是一个关心他人的人。综上所述，故选B项。