Energy goes from one plant or animal to another. A food chain shows how this energy moves. Each time an animal gets eaten, its energy is passed onto the animal that eats it. The food chain is very important because it keeps the balance of nature. If one part of the food chain disappears, it can affect all the other plants and animals. Any threat to the food chain is a threat to the environment’s biodiversit(生物多样性). The food chain helps keep animal populations in balance. However, if something happens to increase or decrease one of the links in the food chain, that balance is broken. If one animal becomes endangered, it puts all the animals above it at risk.
Some of the threats are natural, such as wildfires, hurricanes, tornados, floods and so on. But the biggest threats to the food chain come from you and me. These threats include overhunting, overfishing, logging, farming, development, pollution, etc. The food chain is endangered anywhere humans have had an effect on the natural environment.
A recent study shows that the overfishing of large sharks is damaging the food chain along the US Atlantic coast. Canadian and American scientists say sharks are being killed in great numbers for their meat and fins(鳍). Now, not enough sharks are around to eat the cownose(牛鼻) ray. The ray’s population has increased and they have eaten up the shellfish to the point where it has hurt commercial(商业的) fishing.
Many of us disturb the natural environment in our own backyards. It’s up to us to take care of the environment and try not to disrupt the natural food chain. If we don’t act responsibly, animals will start disappearing.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A.The food chain is not easy to be broken.
B.The energy of an animal usually disappears when it dies.
C.Increasing the links will not break the balance of nature.
D.Breaking the food chain is bad for the biodiversity of the environment.
2.The study mentioned in Paragraph 3 proves that .
A.human activities can be a big threat to the food chain
B.we are all responsible for the breaking of the food chain
C.natural disasters are hard to break the food chain
D.hunting large sharks for meat is beneficial
3.We can infer that the writer wrote this passage mainly to .
A.explain what the food chain is
B.tell us something interesting about Nature
C.suggest that we stop eating meat to save animals
D.suggest that we not disrupt the natural food chain
If you will be cycling, you will need to know what these traffic signs and signals mean.
A sign like this one means that there is a bike lane（道）. If there is a bike lane, you are required to use it. If there is not a bike lane, you should ride with traffic as far to the right side of the road as possible.
When the signal light turns green, cars go. When you cross the street at a signal light, you should wait for the walk signal. Be sure to look carefully to the left, right and left again, before crossing the street.
When the signal light turns yellow, car drivers should slow down and prepare to stop. You should not cross if the light is yellow. The light is about to turn red, and cars will enter the intersection(十字路口).
This signal is the WALK sign. It has a picture of a person walking instead of using the word WALK.
This signal is the DON’T WALK sign. It is part of the signal with the picture of a person walking. This is a picture of a red hand, meaning you should stop. You should wait to cross the street until the green picture of the person walking is showing.
Car drivers and bikers must come to a complete stop at STOP signs.
A yield sign means to slow down and be ready to stop. If there are pedestrians（行人）or vehicles in or nearing the intersection, you must stop. If there is no traffic in or nearing the intersection and it is safe, you may go through.
This sign means you are coming to a crosswalk. Car drivers and bikers must stop to allow people in the crosswalk to cross the street.
1.The passage is intended for .
A.car drivers B.skaters
C.bikers D.pedestrians
2.If you see the sign 
while riding a bike, you are required to .
A.take the bike lane B.stop your bike
C.ride close to the right side of the road D.ride in the middle of the road
3.Which of the following signs has the same meaning as the sign
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.When the signal light turns yellow, cyclists .
A.can cross the road B.should walk across the road
C.should wait D.can enter the intersection
India has a very vast history and heritage（遗产）. The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.
Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval（中世纪的）, modern India and contemporary（当代的）India. Some of the historical travel packages are:
Forts and Palaces
The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless（无数的）forts and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc.
India Heritage Tours
The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy（遗产）. The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc.
South India Historical Tours
The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, which attract tourists, not only from the country but also from all around the world. The famous tourists’ destinations（景区）in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on.
1.The main purpose of this passage is .
A.to report some important events in the history of India
B.to introduce some tours that can explore the history of India
C.to help study the culture and history of India
D.to tell us how to explore the history of India
2.Many tourists prefer to travel to and explore because .
A.modern India has little to study
B.Indian people have an interesting lifestyle
C.its culture is greatly influenced by its history
D.India’s history is longer than that of any other country
3.Most forts were built in order to .
A.honor the kings B.act as a palace for queens
C.keep enemies away D.attract tourists
4.According to the passage, Rajput heritage .
A.is a famous fort in India
B.is one of the heritages in India
C.has a history of no more than 200 years
D.lies in South India
“Who does the cooking in your home?” I’m often asked by my colleagues. “My wife and I share it 50/50,” I usually say without hesitation.
It’s a lie, of course. We’re pretty much even（相等的）when it comes to the children and the elderly. But the paying of bills isn’t 50/50-my wife pays all sorts of household expenses, so I never even have to set eyes on them. And the cooking isn’t 50/50, either.
The truth is that I am the cook. On my recent 40th birthday, I received the following gifts from my children: a new pot, two mini bottles of truffle oil, a decorative salad-dressing pourer, and a juice-making machine. For a moment I longed for something more manly, a cricket bat, perhaps, and then had to admit that all these things would be useful for me.
It’s not that my wife can’t or doesn’t like to cook (she makes delicious Welsh cakes). Nor has it always been this way. In the early years of our marriage I’d be relaxing with a glass of wine while my wife prepared for dinner after work.
But at some point that changed and I became the cook. Ten years with my wife gave me the rewards-I can throw together a roast, and I can make much foreign food. But I have truly become a monster(怪物) in the kitchen, unable to keep myself away from cooking. “You have to add Dijon to the sauce; it brings out the taste of the cheese,” I volunteer, as my wife is cooking. “Quick, stir in the butter so the dish becomes delicious.”
Is it any wonder that my wife has given up coming into the kitchen while I find the whole process of chopping, mixing, and adding things deeply satisfying?
1.What do the writer and his wife probably share evenly at home?
a. Cooking in the kitchen.
b. Taking care of the children.
c. Paying household expenses.
d. Taking care of the elderly at home.
A.ab B.bc C.bd D.ac
2.The gifts that the writer received on his 40th birthday show that .
A.his children don’t know him at all
B.he is in charge of the cooking at home
C.he doesn’t get along well with his children
D.his children have made wrong choices
3.What do we know about the writer’s wife?
A.She can’t cook.
B.She doesn’t like cooking.
C.She used to cook for the family.
D.She only knows how to make Welsh cakes.
4.From Paragraph 5 we learn that the writer .
A.likes sticking his nose into other people’s business
B.doesn’t think his wife is good at cooking
C.studies very hard in order to cook well
D.enjoys cooking in the kitchen
假定你是某校高一学生李华，你校的英语俱乐部在暑假期间将组织伦敦游学活动，你打算参加。请你根据以下要点写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.申请理由；
3.期盼回复。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结束语已为你写好。
参考词汇：游学study tour
Dear Sir/Madam，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除；把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Peter,
I am writing to telling you something about a new column (专栏) in the school newspaper, that is called “Sharing”.
This column is opened to help the students to reduce pressure and face challenges brave. I think this column benefits we a lot. First, it provided a place where we can communicate with others and express our feelings. Besides, we can ask for a help from teachers and friends when we feel puzzling. I believe we will be able to solve our problem with the help of others.
I am sure the column is good our mental health. We will live happily whether we keep a good state of mind.
Yours,
Zhang Ming
