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Road networks are expanding worldwide at...

    Road networks are expanding worldwide at an alarming rate. Although roads can promote economic development and improve human welfare, they can also have severe effects on wildlife populations by worsening habitat and human disturbance. Moreover, traffic disturbance from noise, lights, and motion reduces the quality of habitat near roads.

While roads are now everywhere across much of the earth, the construction of new roads will be concentrated in areas with high biodiversity value. Many of these new roads and highways will likely cross reserves or other highly biodiverse areas. Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.

Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.

We calculate road density (), distance to the nearest road, and relative mean species abundance (MSA) to characterize how road networks influence tiger habitats. These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.

1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The importance of creating reserves.

B.The destruction to global ecosystems.

C.The effect on biodiversity worldwide.

D.The opinion about road construction.

2.Why is road development attacked?

A.It has bad influence on tigers.

B.It causes more traffic accidents.

C.It covers too many areas.

D.It requires a quantity of funds.

3.How does the author feel about the systems of measurement?

A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful.

C.Concerned. D.Astonished.

4.In which section of a website may the text appear?

A.Entertainment. B.Health.

C.Education. D.Science.

 

1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过对道路数据的研究发现,道路的发展会对野生动物的多样性造成严重影响,因为它会给它们的栖息地带来人为的干扰。 1.主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容,尤其是Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.(虽然道路对全球生态系统最重要的影响之一,但是我们对道路建设模式在未来几十年将如何影响生物多样性知之甚少)可知,本段主要讲述了道路建设对生物多样的影响。C. The effect on biodiversity worldwide.(对全球生物多样性的影响)符合以上说法,故选C项。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段的In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.(例如,在俄罗斯远东地区,因为撞到车辆,道路降低了老虎的存活率。在一些地区,老虎会避开离公里更近的地方,这表明,道路是老虎行动的主要障碍。因为一些原因,道路的发展对老虎的影响非常大。)可知,道路的发展受到抨击是因为对濒临灭绝的老虎产生了不良影响。A. It has bad influence on tigers.(它对老虎有不好的影响)符合以上说法,故选A项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.(这些测量系统为大范围的监测提供了起点以及道路发展项目影响的评价,从而可以评估国家级保护区的进展和可持续发展的目标)可推测,作者对该监测系统持乐观态度。A. Optimistic.(乐观的)符合以上说法,故选A项。 4.推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第三段的Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. (在此,我们使用最近开发的全球道路数据来调查遍布13国家、长达160万公里道路网络的范围以及对濒临灭绝的老虎的潜在影响)可知,本文是一项基于对全球道路网络数据研究结果的报告。研究和科学相关,由此推测本文很有可能出现在一个网站的科学板块。D. Science.(科学)符合以上说法,故选D项。
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