Question

    Stephen Hawking was regarded as one of the most brilliant physicists in history. His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly. His best-selling books also appealed to a number of readers.

Stephen Hawking had a challenging life. He was born in England on Jan.8, 1942-300years to the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei. He attended University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, despite his father’s urging to focus on medicine. Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology.

In early 1963, just before his 21st birthday, Hawking suffered from a serious disease more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. He was not expected to live more than two years. Completing his doctor’s degree did not appear likely. Yet, Hawking had overcome the great difficulties, not only attaining his Ph. D. but also building new roads into the understanding of the universe in the decades since.

Hawking continued at Cambridge after his graduation, serving as a research fellow and later as a professional fellow. In 1974, he was inducted（正式就职）into the Royal Society, a worldwide fellowship of scientists. In 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the most famous academic chair in the world.

As the disease spread，Hawking became less mobile and began using a wheelchair. Talking grew more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency tracheotomy（气管切开术）caused his total loss of speech. A speech-generating device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serving as his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek. Hawking died on March 14, 2018.

1.What greatly influenced the field Stephen Hawking studied？

A.Stephen Hawking’s best-selling books.

B.His research on the Big Bang and black holes.

C.Stephen Hawking’s talent.

D.The origins and structure of the universe.

2.What does the underlined word “cosmology” in paragraph 2 mean?

A.A research on time. B.A subject of medicine.

C.A study about universe. D.A project in Cambridge.

3.What happened to Stephen Hawking in early 1963?

A.He became world famous. B.He achieved his doctor’s degree.

C.He was badly affected by a serious disease D.He built new roads into the understanding of the universe.

4.How did Stephen Hawking express himself finally?

A.By using a speech-generating device. B.With the help of an operation.

C.By using body language. D.With the help of some people.

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇人物传记。本文介绍了著名的物理学家、宇宙学家斯蒂芬·霍金。他在21岁生日之前被确诊患有卢伽雷氏病，预计活不了多少年了，但霍金克服了重重困难，在此后的几十年里开辟了通向宇宙的坦途。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段中His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly.可知，他对宇宙起源和结构的研究，从大爆炸到黑洞，极大地改变了这个领域。由此可知，他对大爆炸和黑洞的研究极大地影响了斯蒂芬霍金研究的领域。故选B。

2.

词句猜测题。根据第一段中His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field greatly.可知，他对宇宙起源和结构的研究，从大爆炸到黑洞，极大地改变了这个领域。由此可知，他研究宇宙。根据第二段He attended University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, despite his father's urging to focus on medicine, Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology.（他就读于牛津大学学院，在那里学习物理学。尽管他父亲敦促他专注于医学，霍金还是继续到剑桥大学研究。）可知， 霍金一开始在牛津大学学习物理学，后来又到了剑桥大学。再根据第三段Yet, Hawking had overcome great difficulties, not only attaining his Ph. D. but also building new roads into the understanding of the universe in the decades since.（然而，霍金克服了重重困难，不仅获得了博士学位，而且在此后的几十年里开辟了通向宇宙的坦途。）可知，霍金应是在剑桥大学读的博士，并且学习的是与宇宙有关的学科。所以cosmology的意思应与宇宙有关。故选C。

3.

细节理解题。根据第三段第一句In early 1963, just before his 2lst birthday, Hawking suffered from a serious disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.可知，1963年初，就在霍金21岁生日前夕，他患上了一种严重的疾病，即通常被称为卢伽雷氏症。由此可知，1963年初，斯蒂芬霍金患上了一种严重的疾病。故选C。

4.

推理判断题。根据最后一段中A speech-generating device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serving as his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek.可知，剑桥大学制造了一个语音生成装置，结合了一 个软件程序，作为霍金的电子声音，并允许霍金通过移动脸颊上的肌肉来选择词语。由此可知，斯蒂芬霍金最后通过使用语音产生装置来表达自己。故选A。