Question

The effect of having no friends

A study has found that people who are lonely have more physical and mental health problems than those who feel connected with others. It affects your health in four ways.

You are more likely to be depressed (抑郁的).

1. Researchers have shown that when you’re lonely, brain hormones associated with stress such as cortisol (皮质醇) become active, which can cause depression. The previous research has found that the more positive social interactions (交流) people with depression have, the more improvement in symptoms they experience.

2.

Research has shown you’ll eat less healthily if you frequently dine alone. Researchers have pointed out that if you are cooking for other people, you are more likely to prepare a healthier meal that contains a range of foods—meat, starch (淀粉) and vegetables. 3. People who are lonely are also more likely to be physically inactive.

You are more likely to suffer from heart disease.

Research has repeatedly shown lonely people have a higher risk of heart disease, and it’s for many reasons. Since they don’t have social support, they’re more likely to be affected by stress. 4. If they’re lonely, they’re less likely to be physically active or eat properly. If they don’t feel well, they’re much less likely to go to see a doctor.

5.

Research has found that loneliness can affect the immune (免疫的) system. People who are lonely produce more inflammation (发炎)—related proteins in response to stress than folks who feel more socially connected. Inflammation is linked to numerous health conditions including heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease.

A.You are likely to eat more food.

B.You had better get on well with others.

C.You are less likely to take care of yourself.

D.You could have a weaker system to fight off disease.

E.This increases the possibility of getting heart disease.

F.Otherwise, you’re just throwing something together for yourself.

G.The more lonely you feel, the more likely you are to be depressed.

Answer

1.G

2.C

3.F

4.E

5.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，孤独的人比那些感觉与他人联系在一起的人有更多的身心健康问题。文章主要介绍了孤独从四个方面影响人的健康。

1.

根据本段小标题You are more likely to be depressed (抑郁的).可知你更有可能抑郁。由此可知，本段主要是说明：越是感到孤独的人，越有可能抑郁。故G选项“你感到越孤独，就越有可能抑郁”符合语境，故选G。

2.

本句为本段小标题，根据后文Research has shown you’ll eat less healthily if you frequently dine alone. Researchers have pointed out that if you are cooking for other people, you are more likely to prepare a healthier meal that contains a range of foods—meat, starch (淀粉) and vegetables.可知研究表明，如果你经常一个人吃饭，你会吃得更不健康。研究人员指出，如果你是为别人做饭，你更有可能准备一顿健康的饭菜，包括肉类、淀粉和蔬菜。由此可知，孤独的人会吃得更不健康，没能照顾好自己。故C选项“你不太可能照顾好自己”符合小标题，故选C。

3.

根据上文Research has shown you’ll eat less healthily if you frequently dine alone. Researchers have pointed out that if you are cooking for other people, you are more likely to prepare a healthier meal that contains a range of foods—meat, starch (淀粉) and vegetables.可知研究表明，如果你经常一个人吃饭，你会吃得更不健康。研究人员指出，如果你是为别人做饭，你更有可能准备一顿健康的饭菜，包括肉类、淀粉和蔬菜。由此可知，为别人做饭时，你才可能准备健康的饭菜，那么如果你只是一个人，你更有可能自己随便吃点，东拼西凑成一顿饭。故F选项“否则，你只是为自己拼凑了一些东西”符合语境，故选F。

4.

根据上文Research has repeatedly shown lonely people have a higher risk of heart disease, and it’s for many reasons. Since they don’t have social support, they’re more likely to be affected by stress.可知研究一再表明，孤独的人患心脏病的风险更高，原因有很多。由于他们没有社会支持，他们更容易受到压力的影响。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，孤独的人没有社会支持，更容易受到压力的影响从而增加了患心脏病的可能性。故E选项“这增加了患心脏病的可能性”符合语境，故选E。

5.

本句为本段小标题，根据本段内容Research has found that loneliness can affect the immune (免疫的) system. People who are lonely produce more inflammation (发炎)—related proteins in response to stress than folks who feel more socially connected. Inflammation is linked to numerous health conditions including heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease.可知研究发现，孤独会影响免疫系统。孤独的人在面对压力时，会比那些感觉与社会关系更密切的人产生更多与炎症相关的蛋白质。炎症与许多健康状况有关，包括心脏病、2型糖尿病、关节炎和阿尔茨海默病。由此可知，本段主要说明了孤独会使你对抗疾病的免疫系统更弱，导致各种疾病产生。故D选项“你对抗疾病的系统可能更弱”符合小标题，故选D。