Question

    The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.

The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.

At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains—taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

1.How many examples does the writer offer to support his argument?

A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6

2.Arctic explorers may catch colds when ________.

A.they are working in the isolated Arctic regions

B.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather

C.they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions

D.they are coming into touch again with the outside world

3.What happened to the volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit?

A.They suffered a lot. B.They never caught colds.

C.They often caught colds. D.They became very strong.

4.Which can we learn from the text?

A.Colds are not all caused by cold.

B.The Eskimos never suffer from colds.

C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

D.It's uncertain why people are more likely to catch colds in the winter.

5.What is the text mainly about?

A.The experiments on the common cold.

B.Some treatments for the common cold.

C.The continued spread of common colds.

D.The reason and the way people catch colds.

Answer

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.D

5.D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述普通感冒是由病毒引起的而不是寒冷。

1.

细节理解题。由第二段的第五句“If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.”和最后一句“And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.”，第三段“During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.”和第四段的第一句“At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.”可知，如果寒冷引起感冒，期望爱斯基摩人永远遭受感冒的痛苦可能是合理的。并且在偏僻的北极地区探险者们曾报道过不会受到感冒的危害，除非通过包裹和从外面世界来的被感染的人和从飞机上掉下来的邮递再次接触。在第一次世界大战期间，在湿冷的战壕中度过较长时间的战士显示没有感冒倾向的提升。在英国的普通感冒研究单位，志愿者参加了实验，在实验中，他们沉浸在寒冷和潮湿不舒服的环境中很长一段时间。由此可见，作者提供了4个例子支持他的观点。结合选项可知，选项B正确。

2.

细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句“And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.”可知，并且在偏僻的北极地区探险者们曾报道过不会受到感冒的危害，除非通过包裹和从外面世界来的被感染的人和从飞机上掉下来的邮递再次接触。由此可见，当北极探险者们再次和外面的世界接触的时候，他们可能会感冒。结合选项可知，选项D正确。

3.

细节理解题。由第四段的第二句“After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.”和第三句“Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.”可知，在洗完热水澡之后，他们穿上浴衣，呆在冷水里，然后在通风的房间里湿淋淋地站着。一些志愿者一整天穿着湿袜子，而其他志愿者在雨中运动直到接近精疲力竭。由此可见，参加普通感冒研究单位实验的志愿者遭受了很多。结合选项可知，选项A正确。

4.

推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句“If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? ”和第二句“Despite the most pains—taking research, no one has yet found the answer.”可知，那么，如果寒冷和潮湿和感冒没有关系，为什么他们在冬天更频繁？尽管这个最艰巨的研究，但是仍然没有人找到答案。由此可见，人们更容易在冬天感冒的原因是不确定的。结合选项可知，选项D正确。

5.

主旨大意题。由第二段的第一句“The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. ”和第三句“They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person.”，最后一段的最后一句“One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.”可知，最广泛分布的错误是感冒是由寒冷引起的。它们是由人传人的病毒引起的。科学家提供的一种解释是比起在其他时间，人们更多在寒冷的天气里倾向于一起待在室内，这使得感冒病毒传递变得更加容易。由此可见，全文都在讲述感冒发生的原因以及途径。结合选项可知，选项D正确。