Question

    The word”Kuitou”in Peking Opera is the technical term for various kinds of hats and headpieces worn by various characters in traditional Chinese opera.More than just meeting the requirements of acting,it also reveals an aspect of traditional Chinese culture.

In traditional Han Chinese culture,people believed that since,one’s whole body was a gift from one’s parents,it was important to avoid anything that might injure it,a principle that showed filial piety(孝道)。Based on this ideology,males were required to let their hair grow long, and wearing hats became a rule of social etiquette(礼仪)in ancient times.

Since ancient Chinese society was divided into various social classes,people in each class wore different styles of clothes,but only the nobility were permitted to wear formal hats for adornment(装饰)。People of lower classes could only wrap their head with a piece of cloth. Anyone under the age of 20 was also not allowed to wear formal hats and could only wear one after the performance of an official capping ceremony to mark their reaching of adulthood.As a result,various types of formal hats in ancient times,in addition to having value as a piece of personal adornment and social etiquette,also revealed the social classes of people and strict social divisions that existed between the nobility and common people.

In ancient times,people attached much importance to the kind of hat they wore.An old saying says,”A man of noble character would rather die than take off his hat.”The saying was based on the story of one of Confucius’s favorite students,Zi Lu,a man who was a brave warrior. Once while fighting in close hand-to-hand combat,his enemy opponent knocked off his hat. When he realized that his hat had been knocked off,Zi Lu placed down his weapon and said to the enemy soldier,”A nobleman can die,but my attire(服装)must be kept orderly.”But the. moment he bent down to pick up his hat,the enemy soldier seized the opportunity and killed him. According to Zi Lu,his proper appearance,which included his hat,represented his dignity(尊严)， and he would rather die than abandon his dignity.

The formal hat culture of the Han Chinese continued up until the Ming Dynasty.Later after the Manchurians entered the Central Plains(满人入关)，common people in society began to wear hats.

1.For Chinese males in the Han Dynasty,wearing headpieces or hats was.

A.a requirement of acting

B.a rule of social etiquette

C.a way to show filial piety

D.a representation of culture

2.We can infer from the third paragraph that in ancient times,

A.the formal hat was a symbol of adulthood

B.headwear was nothing but a decoration

C.only noble people could afford to wear formal hats

D.there existed little distinction between social classes

3.The author mentions the story of Zi Lu to show.

A.how brave a person he was

B.how people valued their hats

C.how fierce an ancient war was

D.how people dealt with etiquette

4.The passage is probably taken from the column of.

A.society

B.technology

C.opera

D.culture

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.B

4.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了帽子在古代中国社会所代表的的文化意义。

1.

细节理解题。根据第二段“Based on this ideology,males were required to let their hair grow long, and wearing hats became a rule of social etiquette(礼仪)in ancient times.”可知，基于这种意识形态，男性被要求留长发，戴帽子成为了古代社会礼仪的一种规则。所以对于汉代的中国男性来说，戴头饰或帽子是一种社会礼仪规则。故选B项。

2.

推理判断题。根据第三段“Anyone under the age of 20 was also not allowed to wear formal hats and could only wear one after the performance of an official capping ceremony to mark their reaching of adulthood.”可知，年龄在20岁以下的人也不允许戴正式的帽子，只有在正式的加冕仪式结束后才能戴，这标志着他们已经成年。由此判断出，正式的帽子是成年的象征。故选A项。

3.

细节理解题。根据最后一段“In ancient times,people attached much importance to the kind of hat they wore.An old saying says,”A man of noble character would rather die than take off his hat.”The saying was based on the story of one of Confucius’s favorite students,Zi Lu,a man who was a brave warrior.” 古代，人们很重视他们戴的帽子。有句老话说:“君子宁死不脱帽。”这句话是基于孔子最喜欢的学生子路的故事，他是一个勇敢的战士。由此可知，作者提到子路的故事是为了说明人们如何重视自己的帽子。故选B项。

4.

推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“More than just meeting the requirements of acting,it also reveals an aspect of traditional Chinese culture.”可知，帽子不仅满足了表演的要求，也展示了中国传统文化的一个方面。再结合短文介绍了帽子在古代中国社会所代表的的文化意义。由此判断出，这篇短文来自于文化专栏。故选D项。