When Chinese researchers successfully figured out the genetic structure of the novel coronavirus in January, many people thought a vaccine(疫苗) would soon follow. 1.
First, scientists must work together to understand the structure of the virus and develop potential vaccines to fight against it. 2. After passing animal tasting, clinical trials of the vaccine are then done on humans. Finally the vaccine needs to be approved by officials before it can be made available to the public. All of the steps are necessary to make sure that the new vaccine is safe for people to use. 3. With technological advancements and government funding (资金), the time it takes to develop vaccines can be reduce.
CEPI, an international organization that develops vaccine, for example, is funding programs that focus on making a vaccine for the novel coronavirus. About 35 companies and academic institutions, including the US company Moderna, funded by CEPI, are searching for a COVID-19 vaccine. 4. Once a vaccine is ready, 100 million doses (剂量) could be made within a year, according to Modena’s CEO Stephane Bancel.
5. Not only do they help to save individual lives, but they also help the local and even the global community.
A.This is why a vaccine is developed.
B.But that’s a lot easier said than done.
C.However, experts say vaccines are unlikely to be available
D.Once these first vaccines are made, they are tested on animals.
E.Sometimes, this process can take as long as 10 to 15 years to complete.
F.Even though vaccines take a long time to develop, they are very important.
G.A few have begun testing in animals, while Moderna’s attempt has started human trials.
Implanted (植入的) devices, such as heart pacemakers, are a valuable part of modern medicine. Their use, however, is limited by the need to renew their batteries and this is a particular problem for those inside the wearer’s head. Therefore, a way to power such implants without replacing their batteries at all would thus be welcome. And Dr Hyuck Choo and his colleagues think they have one. They plan to collect the necessary energy from the vibrations(震动) that occur when someone is talking.
DrChoo’s power plants are small sheets of lead zirconate titanate, a material that produces electricity when it vibrates. He knew that sheets of the size he chose have a resonance (共振) at around 690Hz. This is well above the normal range of the human voice. Using larger sheets would lower the resonance frequency. So he sought to lower a sheet's resonance frequency without increasing its area by caring a special shape out of it. And it worked!
When Dr Choo and his colleagues tested the carved sheets by exposing them to a range of frequencies and monitoring the amount of electricity generated, they found that the voltage was between 100Hz and 120Hz (approximately the common frequencies of adult male vices), and also between 200Hz and 250Hz (the female voice s common frequencies). And, although the amount of power produced is not huge, it seems adequate for the task.
As Dr Choo reported at a conference on January 26, he and his team were able to harvest a tenth of a mill watt per square centimetre of lead zirconate titanate from the voice of a man talking at 70 decibels (分贝), which is normal speaking volume, and tents from someone shouting at 100 decibels Implants usually require a tenth of a mill watt or less to function so this suggests a practical device might be within reach-especially as the vibrations produced by the voice travel efficiently up through the skull, meaning the generator could be put into an implant.
1.What limits the use of implanted devices?
A.The shape of the devices. B.The effect of the vibrations.
C.The need for continuous power. D.The difficulty in producing the battery
2.What problem did Dr Choo have to solve in Paragraph 2?
A.To renew the batteries of the implants.
B.To make the resonance above the human voice.
C.To pick out suitable material for his power plants.
D.To ensure the resonance of the sheets fit in with the human voice.
3.What does “the task” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Exposing the sheet to sounds. B.Powering the implanted devices.
C.Lowering a sheet's resonance frequency. D.Monitoring the electricity produced.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The voice powered device is likely to be available.
B.A man has to shout loudly when using the device.
C.The device will be put into production after the conference.
D.The generator should be put into the skull when used.
Robert has never had an art lesson or even visited a museum in fact. he has spent a good part of his life mopping floors. But when he began painting on canvas (帆布) at age 60—after years of sketching (素描) people on the subway -he knew he had found his passion. “I was very lonely” he said, “It made me feel good to create something beautiful.”
Now, Robert, 75, is debuting (首秀) his collection of colorful scenes and landscape at New York City’s Outsider Art Fair, the premier showcase for self-taught artist. “It feels great to say I am an artist. I was always told that I didn’t have any talent. I became something from nothing.” adds Robert.
Abandoned by his parents to an orphanage at age 7, Robert was on his own by the time he was 15, working the counter at a Schrafft’s restaurant in Manhattan and street-bustling for money on the side. At Scharafft’s, one of his regular customers was a former school teacher Marian O’Conner, who taught him to read and later left him enough money to buy a modest apartment. “She told me someday I would be something,” said Robert, who considered O’Conner his second mother. “So I kept going.” In 2009 artist Daniel Belardineli discovered Robert’s work on the walls of the town hall and arranged his first art show. “It was like a left blow,” he said, “I saw these raw drawings that jumped out with emotion.” Whatever comes next, for Robert it has all been worth it. “I have had a lot of hard times,” said Robert, “But my art kept me going. Good thing happen to those who wait.”
1.Why did Robert begin painting on canvas?
A.He was inspired by an art museum.
B.He was told that he was talented in painting.
C.He felt passionate about painting beauty in life.
D.He was invited to the New York City’s Outsider Art Fair.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.He lived up to the expectation. B.He knew nothing about painting.
C.He rose to fame from an unknown. D.He had no trouble becoming famous.
3.According to Daniel Belardineli, Robert’s painting is probably____.
A.subtle and life-like B.dull but meaningful
C.healing and peaceful D.primitive but powerful
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.A natural born artist B.A lonely orphan
C.A caring teacher D.A lucky dog
If you are traveling abroad, whether for business or pleasure, sooner or later you will find yourself in a local restaurant. The following dos and don’ts may help you behave properly in different countries.
France
“People don’t only insist on outstanding food and fine wine--they also set great store by good manners for eating at least in up-market restaurants,”. says Stephane Calmeyn. The French are old-fashioned about paying the bill to. “Women are often given a menu with no topics.” says Calmeyn.
Brazil
“In many restaurants, the bill is already equally divided by the number of people in your party.” Brazilian people traditionally keep track of how much they owe. “You collect your empty bottles under or next to the table, so that you can simply count them up at the end of the night” says Zampil.
Norway
In Norway it is perfectly acceptable to lean across someone to get the salt, pepper or butter “We call it Norwegian arms. The custom means you aren’t constantly troubling other guests to pass you this or that.” explains Carina Mælen. Another thing you are allowed to do is toast with an empty glass. “Because a toast is considered a symbolic action, and there is no need to always wait until every last person has filled their glass.” says Mælen.
Argentina
You won’t catch people sharing a table with strangers in an Argentinian restaurant, “They expect to be free from strangers’ attention.” says Daniel Weigandt. Invited to a friend’s home for dinner? “Whatever you do, don’t be early or even punctual. Ideally you should get there 10 to 15 minutes late!”
1.What is traditional about dining in France?
A.The bill is often equally divided. B.Gentlemen usually settle the bill.
C.Customers collet their empty bottles. D.People make a toast with empty glasses.
2.Why do people have Norwegian arms at table?
A.They prefer not to bother others. B.They consider it as a symbolic action.
C.They can’t wait to fill their gasses. D.They would like someone to pass the sauce.
3.Which of the following countries values privacy most?
A.Brazil. B.France. C.Norway. D.Argentina.
4.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To offer travelling tips to visitors. B.To introduce different table manners.
C.To encourage people to eat heathy food. D.To recommend restaurants in some countries.
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写。使之构成一个完整的故事。
One Saturday morning, Jeremy woke up to a quiet house. Usually at this time, Mom was making breakfast and cleaning the kitchen, but not today.
Jeremy knocked at her bedroom door. "Mom?" he called anxiously. "Don't come in. Jeremy," answered a weak voice. "I have a terrible cold. I don't want you to get sick. You can have cereal for breakfast and watch cartoons. I'm going to stay in bed."
Jeremy poured some cereal and milk into d bowl and ate breakfast. Mom must feel very bad if she was staying in bed all day. How could he help? Jeremy thought to himself. Saturday was the laundry day. He had watched Mom do laundry many times, so he knew where to find the soap and how to pour it into the machine. Jeremy opened the door to the washer and put all of his clothes inside. Then he closed the door and pressed the big button that said "START". Jeremy looked through the round, glass window. Water was pouring in, and the machine was starting to spin, making this clothing tumble around. That was easy! His eyes twinkled with pleasure.
Jeremy watched cartoons until he heard the washing machine beep. He took out a few damp clothes at a time and moved them into dryers. Everything seemed clean, and Jeremy felt proud. Then he paused in surprise when he pulled out a pink shirt. He didn't own a pink shirt. Where did it come from? He reached further into the washer and took out more pink clothes. And all of his underwear had turn pink! What happened?
The last thing Jeremy pulled out of the washer was a bright sock. When he picked it up, he noticed that the sock turned his hand red. "The sock must have turned all of my white clothes pink!" Jeremy thought.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 100 左右；
2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
Jeremy didn't want to bother Mom while she was sick.
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Paragraph 2
The next day, Jeremy wore one of his new pink shirts to breakfast.
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假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Lucas 发邮件向你询问厦门鼓浪屿的有关景点。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 景点介绍：林巧稚纪念馆、马约翰纪念馆、郑成功雕像、钢琴博物馆(任选 2 个)；
2. 表达期待。
注意:1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 鼓浪屿 Kulangsu; 纪念馆 memorial
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