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Although most people believe that laught...

Although most people believe that laughter is one of the nature’s great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.

“Laughter above all else is a social thing,” says Baltimore neuroscientist(神经科学家), Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for many years. “All laughter groups laugh ‘ha-ha-ha’ basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”

Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools’ Day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isn’t dependent on single sense but on social interactions.

And laughter is not just a people thing. Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.

Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.

By studying rats, scientists can figure out what’s going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.

Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts said. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.

“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit,” Provine said, mainly because it’s hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn’t really matter: “Isn’t the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough?”

1.The underlined word “figure out” in Paragraph 6 means “________”.

A. deal with                  B. work out

C. look out of                D. come up with

2.According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find ______.

A. how they laugh

B. if they like laughing

C. what laughter in rats produces

D. how rats react while being tickled

3.What can we know from Robert Provine’s research?

A.Laughter makes a person feel good.

B.Laughter produces a direct health benefit.

C.Laughter depends on all kinds of senses.

D.Laughter is a way of communicating.

4.What is probably the best title for this passage?

A. Why Rats Laugh

B. When Laughter Happens

C. How Laughter Works

D. Why Laughter Matters

 

1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 【解析】 试题分析:这篇文章介绍了一项对笑的新研究,和以往人们的观点不同的是,研究人员发现笑是人类社会化的反应,而且动物也有相同的情况。 1.B此意猜测题。根据文中信息figure out是解决的意思,故选B。 2.C细节理解题。根据文中信息Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). 可知科学家研究猫是为了看猫在笑时会产生什么,故选C。 3.D细节理解题。根据文中信息“Laughter above all else is a social thing,” says Baltimore neuroscientist(神经科学家), Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for many years. 可知笑是社会性的东西,故选D。 4. 考点:科普类短文阅读
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Some people say that today, reading is not as important as it was. These days we have photographs, films, radio and television. Why read a description of something when you can look at a photograph? Why read a newspaper when the latest news is brought to us every hour on radio and TV?

Photography was certainly a wonderful invention. Photographs can give a very clear idea of places and of people that we have never seen. An encyclopedia (百科全书) , for example, is always better when it has good illustrations. But we also need words to explain the photographs and drawings. A photograph of an elephant may give us a very good idea of what an elephant looks like, but it tells us nothing about the different sorts of elephants there are and where they are found, their exact size and weight, how they can be useful to man and so on.

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Watching news on television can certainly be exciting. But we need newspapers as well. Some important news stories happen when there are no cameras around. More importantly, a newspaper does not just report the news. It explains why something has been happening. It also contains interesting articles on different subjects. Newspapers are an important part of our lives, if we want to understand what is going on in the places we live as well as in other parts of the world.

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1.According to Paragraph 2, photographs can give us __________.

A. enough information about people and places

B. no information about things

C. some information about things but not enough

D. the wrong information about things

2.Newspapers contain __________.

A.more information than television

B. less information than television

C. more news from other countries

D. less information about important events than TV

3.What are the advantages of novel over a feature film?

A. There are more interesting subjects in novels.

B. We do not hear any music in a novel.

C. Novels always explain what is happening.

D. Novels make us use our imagination.

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A. It is a wonderful invention.

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D. It is not as important as television.

 

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1.The mother took her son to the piano concert because _____.

A. her friend sent them two tickets

B. the pianist invited them there

C. she wanted to develop his interest in piano

D. her son liked the pianist very much

2.When the mother found her son playing on stage, she felt _____.

A. happy   B. encouraged

C. interested     D. surprised

3.What did the pianist ask the boy to do?

A. To go back to his mother.

B. To keep playing the piano.

C. To play the bass part of the song.

D. To watch him play instead.

4.What does the story tell us?

A. It is good to give a helping hand to others.

B. Great people always like to help others.

C. It is important to give a child a lesson on stage.

D. A mother should take good care of her child.

 

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When facing an accident, the first and most important rule is to stay calm. But different accidents mean different ways to deal with.

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When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves.

If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean to one side, curl your body and bend your legs.

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Stay calm and follow teacher’s instructions. Leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe in smoke.

If your clothe catch fire, drop to the ground and roll from side to side to put out the fire.

Traffic

If you take a school bus on your way home or to school, remember to fasten(系紧) your seatbelt and not to walk around when the bus is moving.

If you walk to school or go to school by bike, remember to wait for the green traffic light. Look left and right for cars before you cross the road.

1.The passage is written for ______.

A.students B.teachers

C.adults D.doctors

2.When you are on a moving school bus, you mustn’t ______.

A. take your seat

B. walk around

C. fasten your seatbelt

D. cover your head with both hand s

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A. staying calm

B. following teacher’s instructions

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“You don’t know how hard it is. This year my baseball team would have won the championship. They won’t even give me a        to pitch (投球) here. All I get to play is right field, and that’s the worst!”

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All I could say was, “Okay.” Then I asked, “What should I do now?”

Laughing, Papa said, “How about you pitch a few to me? You need some work.”

1.A.spea    B.tell C.talk D.look

2.A.in B.at C.across D.from

3.A.How B.Why C.What D.Which

4.A.chance  B.hand C.help D.class

5.A.well B.better C.bad D.worse

6.A.famous  B.proud C.clever D.important

7.A.half B.really C.partly D.completely

8.A.situation  B.matter C.change D.thing

9.A.like B.accept C.receive D.know

10.A.spends   B.costs       C.pays       D.Takes

 

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Could you tell me          your grandparents?

Every week.

A.how often you visit

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D.how often you will visit

 

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