So you thought the hamburger was the world’s most popular fast food? After all, McDonald’s Golden Arches span the globe. But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied than the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands, and it’s delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favorite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza.
It’s kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was “invented”. It changed over the years, but one thing’s for certain—it’s been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them ‘plakuntos’ and ate them with various simple toppings such as oil, garlic, onions, and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it ‘picea’. By about 1000 AD in the city of Naples, ‘picea’ had become ‘pizza’ and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies, and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King UmbertoⅠ and Queen Margherita heard about pizza and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese, and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named ‘Pizza Margherita’ in her honour.
Pizza migrated to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World War Ⅱ and raved about ‘that great Italian dish’. Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world.
1.Which is the correct order of the change of pizza?
A.Plakuntos→pizza→picea B.Pizza→plakuntos→picea
C.Picea→Plakuntos→pizza D.Plakuntos →picea→pizza
2.Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza?
A.Because pizza first became popular in these countries.
B.Because pizza was invented in these countries.
C.Because one topping was brought to Italy from these countries.
D.Because the people in these countries are the greatest consumers of pizza.
3.What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common?
A.There is a picture of a Pizza Margherita on the flag.
B.They have the same colours.
C.Both of them represent Italy.
D.They are both popular in Italy.
4.When did pizza become really popular in the United States?
A.After 1945. B.In 1889. C.In 1905. D.By1000AD
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A.McDonald’s and Pizza. B.Global Pizza.
C.Pizza in the United States. D.How to Make Pizza.
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Set your imagination free. Children’s imagination is amazing. They can always create things that surprise everyone. To _______ children’s imagination, New York City will hold an activity called the Inventgenuity Festival for children.
The Inventgenuity Festival is all about thinking and _______things. It is held for children aged from seven to sixteen. Parents are also able to _______the festival. There will be many different kinds of workshops in the festival. Children are_______to create things in those workshops. For example, they can make things _______ funny hand-made T-shirts or cartoon toy dolls. No one will tell them _______to make these things. They create everything with their imagination. Besides making things, children can see a wonderful movie called A trip to the Sun in a_______during the festival.
In the festival, children are asked to do most of the work by themselves ._______, if the work is too difficult for them, they can ask their children for_______.To take part in the festival, children need to register first, and then________ the workshops they like on the website. One child can take part in two workshops at a time.
1.A.develop B.use C.catch D.leave
2.A.watching B.finding C.buying D.making
3.A.come over B.take part in C.hear about D.stay away from
4.A.free B.busy C.exhausted D.scared
5.A.by B.like C.except D.for
6.A.where B.when C.why D.how
7.A.theater B.station C.restaurant D.shop
8.A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Wherever D.However
9.A.help B.money C.time D.trouble
10.A.describe B.build C.choose D.close
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从下列各题所给的A、 B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers _______ it's all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, _______ it differently affects the sexes." Women are often social in_______behavior. They often share with others. But men are often competitive. They are trying _______their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates_______it during positive social interactions( 互动 ) such as falling in love or giving birth. But in _______former experiment Professor Ryan has found that the hormone is _______let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy. _______research shows that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women_______ 20 to 37. Half of them received oxytocin. ________half received placebo(安慰剂). After a week, the two groups received the opposite. They went through the same process with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they________ to examine the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship ________competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results showed that, after treatment with oxytocin, ________ ability to recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin ________raise people's ability to recognize different social interactions. And the differences between men and women are caused by biological influences________are mainly hormonal."
1.A.have found B.found C.has found D.finds
2.A.but B./ C.however D.so
3.A.theirs B.them C.their D.they
4.A.improve B.improved C.improving D.to improve
5.A.the number of B.a large number of C.a large amount of D.the amount of
6.A.a B.an C.with D./
7.A.as well B.too C.either D.also
8.A.Further B.Farther C.far D.farer
9.A.aging B.age C.ages D.aged
10.A.the other B.other C.another D.the others
11.A.asked B.ask C.has asked D.were asked
12.A.to B.about C.of D.from
13.A.men B.man C.men’s D.man’s
14.A.must B.can C.should D.ought to
15.A.what B.who C.how D.that
假如你是李华，你所在的学校即将开展以“文明礼貌伴我行争做文明中学生”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请完成下面的演讲稿。
内容包括：
1. 列举生活中至少两种不文明现象并写出各自产生的影响；
2. 提出至少三条争做文明中学生的建议；
3. 发出争做文明中学生的号召。
写作要求：
1. 词数80—100词，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 文中不能出现真实的学校名称和姓名；
3. 可以适当发挥。
Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua. Nowadays, people care more about our grades. In fact, good behavior is as important as good grades. However,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I believe we'll be better students as long as we behave ourselves.
That's all. Thanks for listening.
某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人Sandy向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助Jack和Alice补全其回复的内容，每空一词。
Students Wanted for School Show
Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, August 28th
Place: In the school music hall
Email: Sandy0717@qq. com
Come and show us!
Dear Sandy,
I am happy to get the information about the school show on 1., August 28th. I want to 2. in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, 3.. Could I get a chance please?
Looking forward to your reply!
Jack
Dear Sandy,
I'd like to take part in the school show in the music 4.. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to 5. myself. Can I be a member?
Please reply to me soon.
Alice
A new report from a university says 80% of the world's teens don't get enough exercise very day. The report was based on (基于) a research done with about 2 million students aged 11 to 17 around the world. According to the report, activity standards are different in different countries and they are also different between boys and girls. In China, for example, only 20% of the boys are active enough, compared to 11% of the girls.
Why don't teens go out for exercise? One main reason is that they always have technology products in their hands or around them. They spend too much time on smartphones, computers and TVs in their free time. Many teens find it very hard to pull themselves away from these devices (设备). The report says that young people need to do less in the digital world but more the real world. It advises kids to get at least an hour of exercise every day. This could include running, biking, playing sports, or many other outdoor activities.
More and more research shows that exercise not only helps the body, but also helps the brain. Besides, doing sports helps kids to make friends. Mark, a sports fan, started to play football when he was six years old. He used to be shy and weak, but now he has become taller and stronger. He gets to know the importance of communicating with his teammates and hoy to learn from mistakes and failure. And he has made lots of friends with the same interest. They often have football training on the playground. They have more to talk about and enjoy the happiness after training.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1.How many students around the world took part in the research?
___________________
2.Are activity standards the same between boys and girls according to the report?
___________________
3.What does the report advice kids to do
___________________
4.When did Mark start to play football?
___________________
5.Where do Mark and his teammates often have football training?
___________________
