Most musicians and artists say the Internet has helped them make more money from their work despite online file-trading services that allow users to copy songs and other material for free, according to a study released on Sunday.
Recording labels and movie studios have hired groups of lawyers to pursue（追究）networks like Kazaa, and have sued thousands of individuals who spread out copyrighted material through such networks.
But most of the artists surveyed by the nonprofit Pew Internet and American Life Project said online file sharing did not concern them much.
Artists were divided on the rewards of peer-to-peer networks, with 47 percent saying that they prevent artists from earning royalties（版税）for their work and another 43 percent saying they helped promote and spread their material.
But two-thirds of those surveyed said file sharing caused little threat to them, and less than one-third of those surveyed said file sharing was a major threat to creative industries. Only 3 percent said the Internet hurt their ability to protect their creative works.
“What we hear from a wide range of artists is that, despite the real challenges of protecting work online, the Internet has opened new ways for them to exercise their imaginations and sell their creations,” said report author Mary Madden, a research specialist at the Pew Internet and American Life Project.
The nonprofit group based its report on a survey of 809 self-identified artists in December 2003.
1.The underlined sue in paragraph two probably means ____.
A. to criticize formally B. to start a legal case
C. to give thanks to D. to draw attention to
2.47% of the artists surveyed said that ____.
A. some networks were illegal
B. file-sharing was a threat to their material
C. the Internet made their material more popular
D. their income reduced because of some networks
3.What is wrong about the Pew Internet and American Life Project?
A. It is a research group.
B. It is a very popular network.
C. It doesn’t make money by its research.
D. It focuses on the relation between the Internet and people’s life.
4.The nonprofit group holds the opinion that ____.
A. artists don’t want to put their works on the Internet.
B. some networks should be closed because they are illegal
C. users of the Internet should not be allowed to copy songs and materials
D. although the Internet is improperly used sometimes, it helps the artists a lot
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred（憎恨）. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident including the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by incidents caused mainly by smaller national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey（曲棍球）final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in great anger when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension（停赛）of the team for at least three years.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism（爱国主义）.
1.According to the author, recently the Olympic Games have ______.
A. created goodwill between the nations
B. brought about only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. put an end to misunderstanding and hatred
2.The underlined word “disallowed”（in Paragraph 2）means “______”.
A. permitted to pass
B. considered as reasonable
C. won by the other side
D. refused to accept
3.What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?
A. His team would no longer take part in international games.
B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
C. There should be no more Hockey matches organized by the Federation.
D. The Federation should break up.
4.The author gives the example in paragraph 2 to show ______.
A. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games
B. that sportsmen are often against the final decisions
C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D. that unfair decisions are common in the Olympic Games
5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
C. A game should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
D. More and more athletes will compete for their own honor.
Two skulls（头颅骨）found in Africa have been identified as the oldest human remains known to science. The fossilized（化石）bones found in 1967 were originally thought to be 130,000 years old. But a re-dating of rock layers near those which yielded the fossils showed they are actually about 195,000 years old---from the time modern humans appeared. The skulls, known as Omo I and II, push back the known presence of Homo sapiens（现代人）in Africa by 40,000 years. The previous oldest Homo sapiens skulls, dated to between 154,000 and 160,000 years old, were found near a village called Herto in the afar region of eastern Ethiopia. Omo I and II were unearthed by famous paleontologist（古生物学家）Richard Leakey along the Omo River in southern Ethiopia, near the town of Kibish. Omo I’s more modern features led to disagreement among experts over whether they were the same age. The rocks in which they were found show they are, said an Australian archaeologist Prof. Ian McDougall, who made the discovery. He told scientific journal “Nature”: “Omo I and Omo II are relatively securely dated to 195,000 years old, making them the oldest anatomically（解剖学的）modern human fossils yet recovered”
1.By which means could scientists tell the age of fossils they have found?
A. The bones of the fossils. B. The place where they were found.
C. The history of humans. D. Identifying the rock layers of the fossils.
2.How many years older have modern humans become by the new discovery?
A. 130,000. B. 40,000. C. 195,000. D. Between 154,000 and 160,000.
3.Which of the following statements are NOT true according to the passage?
A. The new discovery of the skulls and the research proved the modern humans might have started in Africa.
B. Prof. Ian McDougall thought Omo I and II were the oldest human fossils discovered.
C. Prof. Ian McDougall discovered that Omo I and II were not the same age.
D. Omo I and II were discovered in southern Ethiopia.
While football fans feel strongly angry and shocked about mistakes made by referees（裁判）because they cannot see clearly what has happened, a small German company is quietly pleased.
For Cairos Technologies, mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy. The company has developed a tiny chip（芯片）that fits inside a football and determines whether the ball has crossed the goal line, by being able to discover its exact location on the field. The world football organization, FIFA, has shown interest in the technology. It is very possible that the new technology will be used in the 2006 World Cup in Germany.
"We've been testing the technology at the main soccer stadium in Nuremberg for some time and more recently in an under-17 FIFA Cup in Peru," said Gunter Rohmer, a director of the company. "The technology has performed well, and we're pretty optimistic that it will be used at the games in Germany next year."
The chip only weighs 12 grams, and is placed in the center of the football. It sends 2,000 signals a second to a receiver network of 12 antennas（天线）,placed around the field. The receivers then send information about the ball's location to a central computer, and because it works in real time, it can immediately tell the referee whether a goal has been scored. The chip even can tell when the ball crosses the line in mid-air. Oliver Braun, one of the inventors of the chip, says that feedback from German referees was generally positive. Germany sports-wear giant Adidas is also optimistic about using this kind of chip in other ball sports.
FIFA aims to test the technology later this year at another game in Japan before deciding whether or not to introduce it in all 12 stadiums in Germany for next year's World Cup.
1.Carlos Technologies is pleased because ________.
A. football fans are angry with referees
B. their new product can satisfy football fans
C. their new product will have a good market
D. they can sell a lot of football in the future
2.In the first sentence in Paragraph 2,"... mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy" means ___________.
A. Carlos Technologies can't afford the high price for advertising their product
B. Mistakes in production are also a kind of advertisement
C. Carios Technologies has already spent a lot of money on advertising their product
D. Referees' mistakes will be of great help for the sale of Carlos Technologies' new product
3.The underlined word "feedback" probably means ___________.
A. information given back by a user B. advice given by someone
C. supplying food to customers D. food given back by consumers
4.The new product has drawn attention from some _________.
A. famous people B. referees C. big companies D. countries
If women are mercilessly exploited（剥削）year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability（耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability（稳定耐用）? That is for you to decide.
1.Designers and big stores always make money_________.
A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing
2.To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _______.
A. a waste of money B. a waste of time
C. an expression of taste D. an expression of creativity
3.New fashions in clothing are created for ___________.
A. the commercial exploitation of women
B. the women's strength of character
C. basic qualities of inconstancy and instability
D. an important contribution to society
4.By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious"（ the underlined sentence in Paragraph Four）, the writer means that ___________.
A. women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
B. women are better able to put up with discomfort
C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two teenagers who are lost at sea off the United States for six days were saved yesterday.
Driscoll, 15, and his best friend, 18-year-old Josh Long, were found on Saturday about 11 km 1Cape Fear in North Carolina. That was six days and more than 100 miles（161 km）from where they had 2from Sullivan’s Island, South Carolina, on April 24.
The boys had 3a lot of water and were tired, but in pretty good 4. They set out 5on a 4.3-metre sailboat on a 6day when the National Weather Service had warned small boats to stay out of the water. They realized they were 7almost immediately and tried to swim back to 8, 9the boat along with them.
Within 10, they were far out at sea.
“We 11our fishing equipment on the second day,” Driscoll said. “So we couldn’t catch any fish.”
The boys’ hopes faded 12each day. They stood on their boat 13they saw another boat, 14. One night they were woken up by 15coming into the boat. A large ship was very close to them.
“ 16was like some huge building in the water,” Driscoll said.
At one point, the boys thought they had gone across the Atlantic Ocean and were close to Africa. 17, they were 179km north of their starting point. A coast guard boat set out to 18them.
The boys got up and made some 19. This time, they were heard.
“What we have experienced is a completely surprising story of 20. That’s going to be studied for years to come,” said Richard Goerling, Long’s uncle. “I think the boys have a book to write.”
1.A. at B. on C. beside D. off
2.A. arrived B. set off C. returned D. finished
3.A. drunk B. lost C. saved D. found
4.A. shape B. health C. spirit D. energy
5.A. traveling B. racing C. fishing D. swimming
6.A. fine B. rainy C. windy D. snowy
7.A. in trouble B. in safe C. at sea D. far away
8.A. shore B. the sea C. an island D. harbor
9.A. driving B. sailing C. pushing D. pulling
10.A. a week B. hours C. minutes D. seconds
11.A. bought B. found C. lost D. repaired
12.A. by B. for C. on D. with
13.A. every time B. once C. one day D. sometimes
14.A. jumping and singing B. waving and shouting
C. crying and speaking D. screaming and whistling
15.A. a shark B. a mouse C. water D. some noise
16.A. He B. This C. That D. It
17.A. Instead B. Therefore C. But D. So
18.A. search B. look for C. look into D. defend
19.A. fire B. noise C. balloons D. flags
20.A. voyage B. struggle C. survival D. sailing
