Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 1. They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 2, being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 3space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 4is. When men are 5together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 6.
Apparently, although no one wants to be 7all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 8or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to 9stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 10our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.
11A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy
12A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore
13A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct
14A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health
15A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up
16A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable
17A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable
18A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure
19A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate
20A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting
(B)
One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 1.the faults already found out in the education system as a whole — such as child-centred learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils — there have been several serious 2.which have a direct effect on language teaching.
The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English 3.. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.
Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 4.that the most able groups are 5.and are bored while the least able are lost and 6.bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.
Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 7.lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 8.they never need it, they do not practice it.
Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 9.modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 10.resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.
11.A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of
12.A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods
13.A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature
14.A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique
15.A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind
16.A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly
17.A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular
18.A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless
19.A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn
20.A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharing
John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job.
A. informal B. casual C. determined D. earnest
My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine
Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.
A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly
At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
