As late as 1800, women’s only place was in the home. The idea of woman in the business world was unthinkable. Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home. This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men’s names instead.
Teaching was the first profession open to women soon after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women.
Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Nightingale became famous. Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “ladies”. Miss Nightingale opened England’s first training school for nurse in 1860.
The invention of the typewriter in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world. By 1900, thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals and offices in both England and America. Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted.
1.Why couldn’t women become teachers easily? Because___________
A. the first profession open to them was writing.
B. most schools and colleges were open only to men.
C. they wanted to be nurses instead.
D. they had to work in the business world.
2. The article is mainly about __________.
A. women are in the business world
B. the famous Bronte sisters
C. schools and colleges in America
D. rights for American women
3. Which fact does the article lead you to believe?
A. The Bronte sisters thought that they were men.
B. England’s first training school for nurses was in Ohio.
C. There are more men than women in professional jobs.
D. Women find it necessary to work harder than before.
I first visited hutong as part of a tourist group several years ago. We rode on a trishaw（脚踏三轮车） with a guide explaining the history, architecture and lifestyle of the local inhabitants.
Having visited the "must-sees" of Beijing, like the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Drum Tower and the Summer Palace, going into the hutong home of some famous ancient families gave the “Beijing experience” a human element.
My curiosity has sharpened over the years from reading about them at every opportunity. During the preparation for the Olympics I was eager to learn that some siheyuan courtyards in hutong were turned into accommodations（食宿） for visitors. I wished to stay in one someday.
Preparing for a recent trip to the capital, I eagerly sought one out. On my limited teacher’s salary, I settled on an affordable option, though I looked longingly at the more upscale courtyard accommodations.
As usual, I ended up having something closer to a true experience. A real family still lives in the courtyard, which is closer to the original. The rooms all opened into the central courtyard. Flowers were blooming, beans and peas were climbing up the bamboo fence, and the cat was napping in the sun. Every day after exploring the city, I'd hurry back to the hutong, take a quick shower and join the cat – snoozing（小睡） in a bamboo-made chair with a book ready nearby.
As the other guests came back we’d greet one another. There was a mother and young daughter from France, a guy from Canada, a mother and teenage daughter from the Netherlands, a teacher from England and several guests from various parts of China.
Coming and going through the narrow alleys（小巷） of the hutong, the residents would smile and give cheery “ni hao” （hello）. Laughing children were playing under the watchful eyes of the neighbors. I felt right at home in this friendly neighborhood.
1. The main idea of the passage is about ______________.
A. hutong days realize my desires to live local life
B. Trishaw is the only way to visit the hutong
C. living in the hutong with other visitors
D. exploring the deeper of Beijing
2.When did the author have the idea to visit Beijing hutong?
A. As early as he was a little child
B. when he was reading the text books at school
C. during the preparation for the Olympics
D. the author doesn’t mention it specifically
3.The underlined word “upscale” in the fourth paragraph means _________.
A. inexpensive B. high-class C. appropriate D. secondary
4.What is the impression of the author about the people in hutong?
A. They came from all over the world.
B. They all wanted to enjoy the old life of Beijing.
C. They are living together in harmony.
D. They are living in a heavenly peace life.
What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further; he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证) must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at the theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性) of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算) that may test his investigations
1. What makes a scientist according to the passage?
A. The tools he uses. B. His ways of learning
C. The way he uses his tools D. The various tools he uses
2. “…knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone.”
The writer says this to show ___________.
A. the importance of information
B. the difference between scientists and ordinary people.
C. the importance of thinking
D. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people
3. A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.
A. works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times
B. doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions
C. Can be used many times under different conditions
D. Can be used for many purposes
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Scientists are different from ordinary people.
B. The Theory of Relativity.
C. Exactness is the core (核心) of science.
D. Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.
完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Fire can 36 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 37 useful. We cannot live without 38.In other words, fire is both the 39 and enemy of us. This 40 on whether we use it wisely or not.
To the people 41 live in the forest area, fire is particularly dangerous. It is the location 42 most of their houses are made of wood, which 43 catches fire. Especially in winter the air is 44 and the wind is often 45 .If one of these houses is on fire, the wind will 46 the fire to the neighboring houses quickly, and the fire will soon 47 all over the area. If this happens 48 , it may not be too bad. 49 if it happens at night, the situation will be very bad, for most people are 50 ,and many of them cannot run away in time. If they can, they will just 51 all the things behind. Some people even do not know 52 is going on, and they 53 in their dreams.
We should do our best to 54 the breakout of fire, which is mostly caused by people’s carelessness. Therefore, not only the people of the 55 areas but everyone else should be very careful in using fire.
1. A. make B. build C. lose D. destroy
2.A. also B. too C. hardly D. not
3. A. water B. air C. food D. fire
4. A. help B. friend C. companion D. neighbor
5. A. happens B. lies C. depends D. decides
6. A. where B. which C. what D. who
7. A. because B. so C. why D. that
8. A. easily B. hardly C. carefully D. friendly
9. A. thick B. thin C. wet D. dry
10.A. cold B. freezing C. gentle D. strong
11.A. make B. let C. blow D. give
12.A. cross B. pass C. happen D. spread
13. A. at night B. on Sunday C. in the evening D. in the day time
14. A. But B. When C. So D. Even
15.A. careless B. sleeping C. afraid D. frightened
16. A. leave B. take C. bring D. have
17. A. that B. what C. who D. which
18.A. think B. smile C. die D. live
19. A. help B. prevent C. develop D. keep
20.A. city B. developing C. factory D. forest
We the problem for a long time, but we didn’t reach any agreement.
A.argued B.explained C.shared D.communicated
Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still the traditional customs.
A.perform B.pssess C.observe D.support
