Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? There must be some secrets. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.
The scientists' next research job was clear: find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange things made up of a protein(蛋白质) never seen in the blood of a fish before. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules(分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic. B. A special fish living in freezing waters.
C. The ice shelf around Antarctica. D. Protection of the Antarctic cod.
2. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?
A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88℃.
B. It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.
C. A special protein keeps it from freezing.
D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃.
3. What does "glycol-" in the underlined word "glycoprotein" in the last paragraph mean？
A. sugar B. ice C. blood D. molecule
American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country cities reflect the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: opportunities for education employment and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial(种族) conflict and poverty. American cities are changing just as American society is changing.
After World War II city residents became wealthier. They had more children. They needed more space. They move out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American “dream” was to have a house in the suburbs.
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults. They unlike their parents want to live in the cities. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers and executives(主管人员) are moving back into the city. Many are single; others are married but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage; or they just enjoy the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.
This population shift(转变) is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is for sure：many dying cities are alive again.
1. What does the author think of cities all over the world?
A. They are alive. B. They are hopeless.
C. They are similar D. They are different.
2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II?
A. Because older American cities were dying.
B. Because they were richer and needed more space.
C. Because cities contained the worst parts of society.
D. Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.
3. According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities ___________.
A. are faced with housing problems
B. are faced to move to the suburbs
C. want to sell their buildings
D. need more money for daily expenses
4. We can conclude from the text that ____________.
A. American cities are changing for the worse
B. people have different views on American cities
C. many people are now moving from American cities
D. the population is decreasing in older American cities
Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. For Nigel, studying was a piece of cake. The reward was certainly much bigger compared to the little effort Nigel had made. It all began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories. And the peak of his school career came not when he topped the class but when he was selected for the nationwide competition.
Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join in the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets(乐高积木) and making something out of them. Nigel spent two months building his robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the big prize for the competition as well as a competitive rival(对手), Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to make friends with Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing touches(收尾工作) to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicia's and it was able to play a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do.
On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia. Everything became clear the minute she saw him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.
The flashbulbs (闪光灯) of the camera exploded in Nigel's face. The robot had performed actions so unique and different that the specialists' judgments were the same. Nigel was so pleased with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never have won the competition.
1.What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?
A. He was offered a part-time job. B. He was honored with a scholarship.
C. He helped his teachers build a robot. D. He helped in the computer laboratories.
2. Nigel's original intention of joining the contest was to ___ .
A. win honor for his school B. be the top student of the school
C. build a robot with the Lego sets D. win the thousand-dollar prize
3. Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?
A. He intended to help her. B. He was fond of building robots.
C. He wanted to be her real friend. D. He didn't want her to suspect (怀疑) him.
4. What is the author's attitude towards Nigel's actions?
A. Favorable B. Critical (批评的) C. Doubtful D. Sympathetic
Hey there,
So you're about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your parents' money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever consider why you're going?
Relax. You're making the right decision. First of all, you'll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. It's hard to decide whether you want to be a painter if you've never painted any pictures, until you're in a drawing-room on campus. College is also a lot of fun — after you graduate, you'll be working every weekday for 50 or so years. And remember that college graduate earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.
Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way.
*Researching Schools. The most important decision you'll make is to choose the school that really suits your best — not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms.
*Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com, you’ll find hundreds of actual college applications and links to many more.
*Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most difficult parts of the admission(录取) course. It's not the most important, though, and not everyone needs to prepare for the test. But, if you can do better, find the right course for better scores.
*Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college instead of learning the ways to get financial aid. If you really do your research, you'll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost.
For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com. Wherever you go, have a nice trip!
Johnson Smith
Founder and CEO
Johnson Review
1.How many reasons for going to college does the author mention in the text?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
2.The author thinks you should choose the college that is _______________.
A. famous B. suitable C. competitive D. well-equipped
3. What does the author advise you to do to pay the high cost college?
A. To study the financial courses.
B. To ask the society for donation.
C. To get to know how to ask for financial aid.
D. To do research on the financial system of college
4. What's the author's purpose of writing this test?
A. To make Johnson Review popular.
B. To help readers find the right college.
C. To suggest ways to prepare for college learning.
D. To introduce college life to high school students.
Traditional folk arts of Tianjin, for example, paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, are attracting people all over the world.
A. to be exhibited B. being exhibited
C. are being exhibited D. have been exhibited
home with a friend ______ her.
A. Warned; followed B. Warning; following
C. Having warned; following D. Having been warned; following
