In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.
In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometres long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs .
The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device protects buildings from being damaged by lightning.
Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lightning has a voltage (电压) of more than 15 million volts (伏特). A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.
Scientists judge that there are about 2,000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average of one person every day.
The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under tress. Also on,e should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.
With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry.
1.People once thought lightning came from ________.
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A．the gods |
B．the earth |
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C．the sky |
D．nature |
2.According to the passage what do you think all buildings need?
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A．Metal fences. |
B．Machines. |
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C．Electricity. |
D．Lightning rods |
3.Lightning can travel ________.
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A．as quickly as water |
B．not so quickly as electricity |
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C．at very high speed |
D．at very low speed |
4.Which of the following is NOT true?
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A．In the U.S about one person per day dies from lightning. |
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B．Swimming during a thunder storm is a good idea. |
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C．The Empire State Building frequently gets hit by lightning. |
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D．A closed car is the best place to be during an electrical storm. |
Rush hour traffic is a problem in many big cities around the world. Commuters(上下班者)rush to and from their jobs in cars, buses, subways, trains, and even on bicycles. Large cities in the United States have two rush hours—one in the morning and one in the evening. But in cities in other parts of the world, there are four rush hours. In Athens and Rome, for example, many workers go home for lunch and a nap. After this midday break, they rush back to their jobs and work for a few more hours.
In Tokyo, there's a big rush hour underground. Most of the people in Tokyo take the subways. The trains are very crowded. Subway employees called packers wear white gloves and help pack the commuters into the trains when the doors close. They make sure that all purses, briefcases, clothes, and hands are inside the trains.
In Seoul, many commuters prefer to take taxis to get to work.. To hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers. This means they'll pay the cab driver double the usual fare. Some people even raise three fingers! They'll pay three times the normal rate。
Streets in Rome are very crowded with automobiles and mopeds(摩托自行车)during rush hours. The city can't make its streets wider, and it can't build new highways, because it doesn't want to disturb the many historic sites in the city, such as the Forum and the Coliseum. It took the city fifteen years to construct a new subway system. Construction had to stop every time workers found old artifacts and discovered places of interest to archaeologists(考古学家).
In many big cities, there are special lanes on highways for carpools. These are groups of three or more people who drive to and from work together. They share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into the city.
Getting to work and getting home can be difficult in many places around the world. Rush hour traffic seems to be a universal problem.
1.Big cities have traffic problems during rush hours because there are _______
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A．special lanes on highways |
B．many commuters |
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C．four rush hours |
D．many cars on the street |
2.Most of the commuters in Tokyo _______
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A．take subway trains to work |
B．are packers |
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C．take taxis to work |
D．carry briefcases to work |
3.To “hail a cab” means to _______
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A．pay double the normal fare |
B．try to get a cab |
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C．prefer to take taxis |
D．to stand at crossroads |
4.Commuters in carpools probably_______
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A．live in the city |
B．take the subway to work |
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C．save money on gas and parking fees |
D．have special license plates(牌照) |
Michel is a young girl who works for the police 21 a handwriting expert. She has helped 22 many criminals by using her special talents When she was fourteen, Michel was already 23 interested in the differences in her friends' 24 that she would spend hours 25 them. After 26 college she went to France for a 27 two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science.
Michel says that it is 28 for people to hide their handwriting. She can discover 29 of what she needs to know simply 30 looking at the writing with her own eyes, 31 she also has machines 32 help her make 33 different kinds of paper and ink. This knowledge is often 34 great help to the police.
Michel believes that handwriting is a good 35 of what kind of person the 36 is. "I wouldn't go out with a fellow 37 I didn't like his handwriting.” She says. But she 38 she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman 39 she studied his handwriting. It is later proved to be 40 , however.
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根据提示填写单词或短语的正确形式完整句子（共两节，满分25分）
1.Tom ____________ (不顾) the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
2.He looked calm, but ____________ (实际) he was very nervous.
3.I don’t think he is a ____________ (可信赖的) man.
4.Don’t take that ____________ (态度) towards me, young man.
5.The hunters are skillful in setting traps to trap those animals which can easily
get ____. (陷入困境)
6.Before the new term starts, the teachers should work out a s____________ for it.
7.In the crash he was seriously injured. He suffered severe i_______ to the head and arms.
8.She received a bicycle as a r____________ for her services.
9.She started a______________ the thief coming into the house with a piece of wood.
10.She d____________ all her life to nursing and her devotion was recognized and praised by people.
Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York, in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank did not want to be a farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends（小商品）for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said “FIVE CENTS EACH’. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store, selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low-price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919, Woolworth had over 1000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always ran his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was : ‘THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.”
1.Frank took a short business course in order to __________.
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A．earn more money for his family |
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B．learn something from a salesman |
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C．get away from the farm |
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D．get enough to eat |
2.Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because ________.
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A．he knew how to get people to buy his goods |
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B．he cut down the price by half |
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C．he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way |
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D．the sign he put on the table was well designed |
3. The price of the knives was cut down by half because _________.
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A．the factory workers worked 24 hours a day |
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B．knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory |
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C．the knives were made in German, where labour was cheap |
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D．the knives were produced in one factory |
4.__________ make Woolworth a world-famous man.
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A．His business skills and his wealth |
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B．The low price of the goods he sold |
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C．His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives |
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D．His natural skill for showing things |
5.The belief that “The customer is always right” suggests that __________.
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A．whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant, the customers are always right. |
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B．If you want to succeed, the rule is the only way |
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C．stores must always follow the customer’s orders if they want to make more money |
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D．stores should do their best to meet the customer’s needs if they want to be successful |
Nuclear radiation（核辐射）has a certain mystery, partly because it cannot be detected（探测） by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around but we can’t detect them or sense them without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs. Even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and when they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated（放射治疗）and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. A child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
1.According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.
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A．nuclear mystery |
B．radiation detection |
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C．radiation level |
D．nuclear radiation |
2.Radiation can lead to serious trouble even at the lowest level __________.
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A．when it kills a few cells |
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B．if it damages a few cells |
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C．though the damaged cells can repair themselves |
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D．unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves |
3.Radiation can hurt us so much that it can ___________.
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A．kill large numbers of cells in main organs |
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B．replace cells which may grow into cancer years later |
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C．affect the healthy growth of our younger generation |
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D．A and C |
4.Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
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A．The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized（过度强调）. |
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B．The mystery about radiation has been solved. |
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C．Cancer is only caused by radiation. |
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D．Radiation can hurt those who do know about its danger. |
5.What would be the best title of the text?
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A．Radiation Can Hurt Us. |
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B．Radiation Is the Source of Cancer. |
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C．Radiation Is a Subject Scientists Work on. |
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D．Radiation Is a Mystery. |
