Question

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.  The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).

He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 

1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________

A．knowledge only.                        B．more than one aspect.

C．technology only.                        D．the use of machines.

2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A．He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.

B．He is interested in problems that are explained.

C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

D．He looks for new ways of acting.

3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________.

A．easily believe in unchecked statements.

B．easily criticize others' research work.

C．always use his imagination in work.

D．always use evidence from observation.

4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A．complete         B．objective          C．complicated       D．accurate

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，说明了科学在社会中起着重要的作用，然而许多人认为，我们的进取取决于科学的两个不同的方面，第一个方面是机器的应用，产品知识，科学家和技术人人员开发系统。二是思想和行为为科学家在研究中使用特殊方法的应用

1.细节题。由第一段第四行many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.可以知道答案，故选B。

2.推理题。由第二段第二行he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected可以推出答案，故选C。

3.细节题。由第二段最后一句Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.可以知道答案，故选A。

4.推理题。由第二段第二行he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected可以推出答案，故选C。

考点：这是一说明文