Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We are familiar with pop culture, but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favorite celebrities entertain us 1.their performance. In peep culture, we turn on the computer, we move through people’s lives on reality TV, blogs. Facebook and YouTube.  2.getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people’s lives. It can be friends and family.

3.it’s just likely to be people we have never met from around the world.

Suddenly, we consume all of our time4. (track) other people. And we also invite them to watch us!   People reveal themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part   of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities. This has never happened 5., turning the spotlight on random regular people. There aren’t secrets anymore. The notion of private life 6.(change).

7.society has become extremely fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives.   We are moving into a time 8.our virtual personality is going to be more important than our actually physical presence. What we have online is going to be more important than what we do offline. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.

In the age of “peep culture,,” a tell-all, show-all, know-all digital phenomenon is dramatically changing notions of privacy, individuality, security,  and  even  humanity.  Susan Boyle became a(n) overnight  celebrity 9.peep culture. The entire world was staring  at her 10.her transformation from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she’s like a movie, only she’s real.

Questions are based on the following passage.

1.

A.He wants to do some shopping B.He wants to get a camera

C.He wants to buy some shells D.He wants to get his camera repaired

2.

A.In the Washington Building B.In the Shell Building

C.In the post office D.In the Showing Building

Questions are based on the following passage.

1.

A.taking pictures of everything B.having a knee surgery

C.taking pictures of people exercising D.giving free classes

2.

A.A fitness center B.A hospital

C.A photo shop D.An interview room

Questions are based on the following passage.

1.

A.To learn to recognize plants and animals.

B.To get to know more about yourself and your place in nature.

C.To learn how to make use of a map to find your way.

D.To learn how to set up a tent and cook by yourself.

2.

A.A simpler life style. B.Work and Worries.

C.Wilderness and animals. D.Good service.

3.

A.To feed the animals. B.To water the plants.

C.To treat nature with respect. D.To go on an adventure alone.

Questions are based on the following passage.

1.

A.Captain Singleton.

B.Robinson Crusoe.

C.Moll Flanders.

D.Colonel Jack.

2.A.People’s life. B.Sports. C.Politics. D.Music.

3.

A.Daniel was the youngest son of his family.

B.Daniel finished his most famous novel at the age of 59.

C.Daniel was a famous novelist but not a journalist.

D.Daniel was fined and put in prison several times because he failed in business.

A.Most students would like to work for a newspaper.

B.Most students find a job by reading advertisements.

C.Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.

D.Most students don’t want jobs advertised in the newspapers.

A.The man is late for the trip because he is busy.

B.The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.

C.The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.

D.The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.

A.She has learned a lot from the novel.

B.She also found the plot difficult to follow.

C.She usually has difficulty remembering names.

D.She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.

A.The furnished apartment was inexpensive.

B.The apartment was provided with some old furniture.

C.The furniture in the market was on sale every Sunday.

D.The furniture he bought was very cheap.

A.She’s learned a lot from the literature class.

B.She’s written some books about world classics.

C.She’s met some of the world’s best writers.

D.She’s just back from a trip around the world.

A.The man will go to meet the woman this evening.

B.The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o’clock.

C.The woman can’t finish making the jam before 7 o’clock.

D.The woman won’t be able to see the man before 7 clock.

A.Pass up the food. B.Take a bit of the ice-cream.

C.Make a wish. D.Sell the ice-cream.

A.$35. B.S70. C.$100. D.$6.

A.Her coach didn’t help her enough. B.She had no chance of winning.

C.She didn’t follow her coach’s advice. D.Her coach didn’t listen to her.

A.At a theatre. B.At a booking office.

C.At a railway station. D.At a restaurant.

假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Henry发邮件请你推荐一款中国制造的手机作为母亲节礼物，请你给予回复。内容包括：

1. 手机品牌；

2.推荐理由；

3.表达祝福。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Henry,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅沙及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一模线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Chinese and Western eating habits are somehow different. Unlike the West，which everyone has their own plates of food，in China the dishes placed on the table for everybody to share. Chinese people take great pride of both their food culture and friendliness. But they love to let a guest taste many different type of food. They themselves just order enough food among friends. Eat out with somebody whose relationship is polite to semi-polite, they tend to order one more dish than a number of guests. On a very formally occasion, the food is much more than practically need.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Prince William Forest School (PWF), the first forest school in China designed for young children aged 26, opened 1. (it) doors on July 26. Lin Yucheng, founder and CEO of Prince William Preschool, announced 2.the press in Shenzhen.

According to Lin, it's on September 10  3.  the school will offically open. Forest schools are based on an outdoor educational model in which children or adults visit natural 4.（space）to learn interpersonal，social and 5.(technique）skills. It has been recognized as an inspiration process that offers children，young people and adults regular chances 6. （achieve）and develop confidence through hands-on leaning in a woodland environment

"We want to set up a Kindergarten where children can run freely and our innocent childhood memories can  7.（easy）be woken up. The forest school caters to children's instinct（本能）to explore the world. We hope our children can become global citizens 8.  are physically and mentally strong and can do good for society，"said Lin.

9. （locate）in Yangtai Mountain Park near Shenzhen University Town，the school covers n an area of over 50，000 square meters and a construction area of 20，000 square meters. PWF  10.（create）a unique educational system on the basis of British Early Years Foundation Stage so far.

    It was a cold rainy day. I had no _______ to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn's house，But she had insisted that I come to see something at the top.

So here I was，______  making the two-hour journey  _______ fog that hung like veils（面纱），Sadly，by the time I saw how _____  it was near the summit，I'd gone too far to _____ . Nothing could be worth this，I thought as I _____ along the dangerous highway.

“I'll stay for lunch，______ I'm heading back down immediately the fog  _____,” I announced when I arrived. At my words, Carolyn asked me to walk along a quiet path thick with old pine needles.  Gradually the ______ of the place began to fill my mind

I stopped at a comer, _____  , Rivers of flowers in bloom! Varieties of   ___  -from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the _____  orange pink -shined brightly like a carpet before sun I looked as though the sun had tipped over and ____ gold down the mountainside.

___  occupied my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?

As we drove home, we saw a (n)  _____ that read; "One Woman -Two Hands, Two Fe, and Very Little Brain." "One at a Time." "Started in1958", She _______ the world.  Forty years had passed but she still  ____  it.

The wonder of it would not let me go. "Imagine," I said, "if I`d had a  _____ and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have  _____ ?"

Carolyn smiled "Start tomorrow," she said " _______ yet, start today."

1.A.reason B.desire C.chance D.courage

2.A.excitedly B.hurriedly C.unconsciously D.unwillingly

3.A.under B.towards C.through D.above

4.A.thick B.high C.far D.fresh

5.A.tum back B.hold out C.give in D.look for

6.A.marched B.inched C.walked D.dashed

7.A.but B.or C.so D.while

8.A.falls B.flows C.lifts D.moves

9.A.loneliness B.peace C.atmosphere D.imagination

10.A.disappointed B.puzzled C.pleased D.amazed

11.A.fruits B.colors C.hills D.trees

12.A.most interesting B.dullest C.most vivid D.rarest

13.A.poured B.exposed C.spread D.threw

14.A.Questions B.Doubts C.Worries D.Hopes

15.A.notice B.sign C.advertisement D.motto

16.A.changed B.controlled C.beat D.challenged

17.A.defended B.prepared C.kept at D.searched for

18.A.method B.rule C.job D.dream

19.A.promoted B.accomplished C.appreciated D.promised

20.A.And B.Sooner C.Not D.Better

    We think of winter as cold and flu season，but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too.

Boosts your brain

1. .Studies have found that people perform some cognitive（认知的）tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler. Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter.

Burns calories（卡路里）

When it's cold，your body works harder to keep your core temperature，which is typically. about 98.6 degrees. "Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold，"explains Stacy Tucker，an expert from Kansas City. 2.  . A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-to 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days.

Activates healthy fat

We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or "white fat" can endanger our health. But adults also have small amounts of beneficial "brown fat" that can quicken their metabolism（新陈代谢）and bum more calories 3. .

Encourages better sleep

Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep. 4. ，but it's much faster in winter，says Tucker. Plus，with darker mornings，you naturally sleep later.

5.

Yes，you might get more colds during the winter. However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker. That said，the flu virus becomes strong in cold，dry air，and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection. To reduce risk，get your annual flu shot，wash your hands frequently，and go outside.

A. Fights infections

B. So fasten your boots

C. Suffers from infections

D. Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly

E. And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat

F. Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger

G. This process can take up to two hours in the summer

    Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be built in off-site factories，greatly reducing lorry journeys. But no other building material has environmental credentials（认证）as exciting and overlooked as wood.

The energy required to produce a laminated（复合的）wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. As trees take carbon out of the atmosphere when growing，wooden buildings contribute to negative emissions by storing the stuff. When a mature tree is cut down，a new one can be planted to replace it，capturing more carbon. After buildings are pulled down，old beams and panels are easy to recycle into new structures. And for improving older buildings to be more energy efficient，wood is a good insulator（绝缘体），A softwood window frame provides nearly 400 times as much insulation as a plain steel one of the same thickness and over a thousand times as much as an aluminium one.

A race is on to build the world's tallest fully wooden skyscraper. But such buildings are still uncommon. Industry disunity，cut-throat competition for contracts and low profit margins（差额）mean that most building firms have little money for greener construction methods beyond what regulation requires

Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood，particularly in the public section. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. Zero-carbon building regulations should be changed to take account of the emissions that exist in materials. This would favour wood as well as novel ways of producing other materials.

Construction codes could be adjusted to make building with wood easier. Here the direction of travel is wrong. Britain，for instance，is banning the use of wood on the outside of tall buildings after 72 people died in a tower fire in London in 2017.That is a nonsense. Grenfell Tower was covered in aluminium and plastic，not wood. Modern cross-laminated wood panels perform better in fire tests than steel ones do.

Carpentry alone will not bring the environmental cost of the world's buildings into line.

1.What's the text mainly about?

A.Wood is the first choice for green buildings.

B.The public section makes good use of wood.

C.Building companies cannot afford greener construction.

D.Steel can reduce the environmental costs of buildings.

2.What does Paragraph 2 focus on?

A.Origins of wood structures.

B.Advantages of wood for building.

C.Reasons for green window frames.

D.Differences between steel and wood

3.Which of the following will discourage greener construction?

A.The races of wooden skyscrapers. B.Strict regulations on materials.

C.The push of the government. D.Fierce industry competition.

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A.Wood is to blame for a big building fire.

B.Britain will lift the ban of using wood on the outside wall.

C.Building with wood is facing an unfavorable situation.

D.The environmental costs of buildings rely on carpentry.

    An international team of astronomers in Washington D.C. announced Wednesday it had success fully captured the first-ever image of a black hole and published it.

The picture shows the black hole having a dark center，encircled by a bright orange and yellow ring spreading outward. Black holes are areas in space where gravity is so strong that nothing-not even light-can escape them. They are believed to be formed by collapsed（陨落的）stars. The presence of black holes affects the surrounding environment in extreme ways. They are not easy to capture on camera because they are surrounded by thick dust material and extremely hot gases.

But scientists say they were able to produce the new image from data collected from a series of radio telescopes around the world. Harvard University scientist Sheperd  Doeleman，who leads the Event Horizon Telescope（EHT）project，announced the image discovery. "We are delighted to be able to report today that we have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have also taken a picture of it." He explained that the image resulted from a combined effort involving all eight of the EHT radio telescopes working at the same time. It has a mass 6.5 billion times greater than Earth's sun.

Researchers said that the EHT project created an Earth-sized "virtual（虚拟的）telescope" to capture the highest possible image quality. The size and shape of the shadow matches the precise Predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

Sheperd Doeleman said the new image provides the first visual evidence to confirm that theory. It also helps to unlock the mystery of black holes. "We didn't see something that was unexpected. We saw something that really had a ring to it. "

Even though the data was first gathered in 2017, it required a huge effort to produce the image published on Wednesday.

1.Which is True about the black hole?

A.It has a dark surface.

B.It consists of thick dust.

C.It is visible to the eye

D.It swallows everything approaching it.

2.What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Black holes.

B.Collapsed stars.

C.Extreme ways.

D.Hot gases.

3.How did scientists get the image?

A.By collecting available data.

B.Through the cooperation of radio telescopes.

C.With the help of a huge camera.

D.From Einstein's general theory of relativity.

4.What does the image discovery contribute to?

A.Uncovering the secret of black holes.

B.Confirming people's wisdom.

C.Testing the function of virtual telescopes.

D.Providing first-hand evidence for astronomers.

    Ed Jackson："I want to be the first quadriplegic（四肢瘫痪者）to climb Everest，"

Former Wasps player was told he would never walk again after an accident in 2017.

"It was a lovely day like this and we had a barbecue." Ed Jackson says as he remembers the accident which broke his neck，ended his rugby career and left him paralyzed（瘫痪）with a medical prediction that he would never walk again. "I walked to the edge of a feature pool with a waterfall at one end. I couldn't tell which was the deep end so I dived in，fell straight to the bottom，and hit the top of my head. When I tried to stand up I couldn't. Luckily my dad was in the pool. He's a retired doctor and he knew it was a spinal cord（脊柱）issue."

Jackson survived surgery but was told that his paralysis was almost certainly permanent. "After five days of trying to move my toes with nothing happening，I thought there's a good chance they're right."

"Every night on my own，I imagined what it would be like for my wife to look after me for the rest of my life. If this was going to continue all my life，I would never have forgiven myself." In the dark，his mind was at war with itself. "That fear of the unknown is terrifying. Every day I would stare at my toe and try to move it."

On day six his toe twitched（抽动）！The next few months became a series of his exciting moments. Jackson kept chasing those wins.

Once Jackson could walk he decided to climb Snowdon to coincide with the first anniversary of the accident. On 1 April 2018，with a heavy brace on his leg，Jackson reached the summit of Snowdon.

Climbing is exhausting and dangerous for a quadriplegic but，with his face lit by sunshine，Jackson uncovers a previously secret dream. "I want to be the first quadriplegic to climb Everest. I would love that to be where the story of my recovery ends. And then I just want to go on laughing and living.

1.What was Jackson doing when the accident happened？

A.Barbecuing. B.Swimming.

C.Playing rugby. D.Diving.

2.What do we know about Jackson?

A.He was able to walk six days later.

B.Doctors' prediction had no effect on him.

C.The accident left him deadly injured.

D.He climbed Snowdon to repay his family's concern.

3.What might be the main drive for Jackson to get better?

A.His father's first aid. B.The successful surgery.

C.His affection for his wife. D.His desire to climb.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.An Accident to Change a Man B.A Quadriplegic to Climb Everest

C.A Secret Dream to Success D.A Man Crazy About Climbing

    So you're going to the royal wedding！Let's review a checklist of everything you'll need to know.

What to wear at the ceremony

Did you get your fascinator yet？That's a trick question because you probably don't even know what a fascinator is. Royal dress code etiquette（礼仪）states that women must wear hats for formal events，and fascinators are the preferred accessory（配饰）.These funny hats boast a large decorative design. If you haven't packed one，no worries. Simply glue a cabbage to the side of your head. No one will be the wiser，and you can always snack on your fascinator should the wedding ceremony drag on. Gentlemen are expected to wear morning coats and top hats. Royals will likely wear their military uniforms.

Meeting the royals

Men, when greeting the royals, a simple bow will do. Not so low that it looks as if you're examining the carpet for any medals they might have dropped. This is a slight neck bow. Women perform a curtsy. Simply put one leg behind the other, bend your knees, bow your head slightly -and fall over because you've never done this before.

Chatting up the queen

The first rule of talking to the queen: Don't talk. That is, unless spoken to. If she does start a conversation and you find you've run out of interesting stuff to discuss after "Hello," break the ice with a joke "Hey, why did the queen go to the dentist? To get her teeth crowned!"

Dining

Every meal begins and ends with the queen. You can't start eating until she starts，and you stop when she stops. The queen doesn't appear to be a large eater，so you should wolf down your food in case she push the plate away after a few bites，When dining，the royals hold knives in their right hand and forks in their left with the tines facing down. Should they spill（洒落）even a pea，they drop one spot in the royal line of succession.

1.What do women prefer for the royal wedding？

A.Morning coats. B.Military uniforms.

C.Hats with fascinators. D.Cabbages.

2.What behaviour is proper at the ceremony?

A.Performing a deep bow or curtsy.

B.Finishing the meal with the queen.

C.Chatting with the queen freely.

D.Dropping a pea while eating.

3.What is the main writing characteristic of the text?

A.Humorous. B.Serious.

C.Plain. D.Official

Translation

1.自上月以来， 校方收紧了对学生课堂考勤的监管。 (tighten)

2.从树后突然冒出来个行人， 吓得司机赶紧急刹车。 (emerge, frighten)

3.我警告他拔牙很可能会很疼但是也别无选择。(warn, likely)

4.1865年，贵族出生的罗伯特·李将军被任命为南方军总司令。 (origin, appoint)

5.中国大陆的投资环境比越南要好很多，这一切都归因于我们的依法治国。 (superior, owe)

Directions: Read the following passage and fill in the blanks to compete the summary. No more than seven words for each blank.

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.

The sport you choose may 1..Some sports are 2., like golf, which not only 3., but 4. as well, doing damage to environment; while others 5., like the power walking, which is 6.. Thus 7. you choose to do, use 8..

Directions: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank

A few months 1. (early) Aunt Pat had bought a badly used piano for a few dollars and put it in the parlor, on the theory 2. every civilized house 3. have a piano in the parlor, though 4. she, Uncle Allen, nor Uncle Charlie played. I was standing on the sidewalk in the darkness 5. I heard piano music inside. Curious, because I’d never heard the piano played before, I went inside. Aunt Pat, Uncle Allen, Uncle Charlie, and Doris were sitting in the parlor, and my mother was at the piano wearing her dark suit and a small dark hat with a little veil that fell over her eyes, and she was playing “rock of Ages”.

I 6. (not know) she could play the piano. She wasn’t playing very well, I guess, because she stopped occasionally and had to start over again. She concentrated intensely on the music, and the others in the room sat absolutely silently. My mother was facing me but didn’t seem to see me. She seemed to be staring 7. me toward something 8. wasn’t there. All the happy excitement died in me at that moment. Looking at my mother, so 9. (isolate) from us all, I saw her for the first time as a person utterly alone.

Suddenly I realized I had been happy there. It had been six years 10. my mother had brought us to Uncle Allen and Aunt Pat to live for a few months until she could set up a home of our own. Now her youth had passed without a single triumph. She was in her fortieth year.

Gender Stereotypes Are Messing with Your Kid

Gender stereotypes are messing with your kid. It’s not just one movie. It’s not just one TV show. It’s constant exposure to the same dated concepts in the media over and over, starting before preschool and lasting a lifetime --- concepts like: Boys are smarter than girls: certain jobs are best for men and others for women; and even that girls are responsible for their own sexual assaults.

According to a recent report, which analyzed more than 150 articles, interviews, books, and other social-scientific research, gender stereotypes in moves and on TV shows are more than persistient.1. what make these messages stick --- and harder for parents to counteract – is that they’re timed for the precise moment in kids’ development when they’re most receptive to their influence.

Think of preschoolers who are just beginning to identify as boys or girls. The characters they see on TV often have an obvious masculine or feminine appearance, such as a superhero’s big muscles or a princess’ long hair. These characters also are often associated with specific traits---for example, being strong and brave or fearful and meek. 2. That “Strong and brave” superhero becomes aggressive and hostile. That “fearful and meek” princess becomes submissive and weak.

For young audiences who absorb ideas from the media on how to behave and what to become, these characterizations can lead to false assumptions and harmful conclusions. These oversimplified characterizations play out in many ways over and over. According to the report, a lifetime of viewing stereotypical media becomes so ingrained that it can ultimately affect kids’ career choices, self-worth, relationships, and ability to achieve their full potential.

And lots of parent are concerned about these issues, too. We polled nearly 1,000 parents across the country and found that they believe the media has a significant influence on their kids, from how girls should look and behave to how seeing violence can affect boys’ beliefs about themselves. 3.Because, let’s face it: exaggerating the differences entertained. It’s not what we really want our kids to emulate.

While there are movies and TV shows that defy gender stereotypes---and Hollywood is making some progress on this front --- you’re not going to be able to prevent your kids from seeing everything that sends the wrong message. And your kids probably like a lot of media that reinforces stereotypes. 4.When you actively role-model gender equality, speak out against stereotypes, and challenge outdated ideas, kids will hear that loud and clear.

A.Luckily, parents can assert control over the messages that Hollywood dishes out.

B.You have a lot of control over your kids’ media --- mostly when they’re little, but even as they grow.

C.Fortunately, the most powerful messages kids absorb are from you.

D.Ideally, self-segregate based on gender --- boys want to play with boys, and girls want to play with girls.

E.They’re incredibly effective at teaching kids what the culture expects of boys and girls.

F.Fast-forward to the tween and teen years, when characters begin to wrestle with relationships, life, and job prospects.

    The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial American was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological（神学的）innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church --- important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New would circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New English an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less will educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope --- all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.

Meanwhile, any settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”

1.The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England______.

A.Puritan tradition dominated political life.

B.intellectual interests were encouraged.

C.Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.

D.intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.

2.Which of the following meaning is closest to that of the underlined word in para.2?

A.a virtue B.an intelligent mind

C.a taste for fine arts D.a nice character

3.It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders __________.

A.experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.

B.brought with them the culture of the Old World

C.paid little attention to southern intellectual life

D.were obsessed with religious innovations

4.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay______.

A.were famous in the New World for their writings

B.gained increasing importance in religious affairs

C.abandoned high positions before coming to the New World

D.created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

5.The story of John shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often_________.

A.influenced by superstitions

B.troubled with religious beliefs

C.puzzled by church sermons

D.frustrated with family earnings

    Villa d’Este, Tivoli (Italy) --- Official Site Useful Information

Call Center 199766166

Number to dial from all of Italy for pre-sales and reservations for: tickets, guided tours, school groups, instructional visits.

Bookings from abroad:

email: villadestetivoli@teleart.org fax: 0039 0412770747

Visiting Hours:

Opening 8.30 – closed one hour before sunset.

The ticket office closes one hour before the closing of the monument.

The hydraulic organ of the Organ Fountain is active daily, from 10.30 am, every two hours.

The Fontana della Civetta functions daily, from 10.00 am, every two hours.

Ticket Prices:

(from May 17 to October 20, 2015)

Full ticket (exhibition + villa and gardens, not divisible): €11.

Reduced ticket: €7.

These prices will be valid during the daytime openings of the Villa until the closure of the exhibition, due on the 20th of October, 2015 (From the 22nd of October, 2015)

Full ticket: €8 Reduced ticket €4

These fares may vary in conjunction with exhibitions set inside the Villa. The right to purchase reduced price tickets belongs to all citizens of the European Union between the ages of 18 and 24 as well as permanent teachers of state schools (upon presentation of identity documents).

School Visits:

Reservations are required. The management of Villa d’Este, in the aim of preserving the monument and better distributing the flow of students, has limited the number of students allowed into the Villa to 100 students per hour. Should any school group arrive at the Villa without having made a reservation, it will be admitted to the Villa according to space availability at a particular time and asked to wait until such space becomes available. Right of reservation cost: €1,00.

Notices:

Certain areas of the villa may be closed for restoration: for information inquire at the ticket office. Please pay particular attention to the areas marked with signs indicating danger (in Italian: pericolo).

1.How can a visiting Chinese professor of architecture in Rome make a booking?

A.By dialing 199766166.

B.By writing an email to villadestetivili@teleart.org.

C.By calling 0039 04127 19036.

D.By sending a fax to 0039 0412 770747

2.The receptionist at the ticket office may recommend you to see ______first, if you arrive at 10.25 am.

A.the exhibition inside the villa B.the Organ Fountain

C.the gardens D.the Fontana della Civetta

3.Why are reservations essential for school visits?

A.Reservations are more economical.

B.Reservations enable as many students as possible to visit the monument.

C.Reservations ensure a pleasant visit for students and a manageable one of the Villa.

D.Reservation fees can help preserve the site.