Every little thing you do really makes a difference! There are classes and clubs focused on various social problems. 1.One cause that has been popular in recent years is helping the environment and preserving our resources. There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call Earth. Using reusable bags is one of those vital ways to protect the world's resources.

Plastic grocery-type bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment. These can make animals stuck in them or mistake them for food.2.

Whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This cuts down on rubbish and prevents animals from getting a hold of them. There are even some stores that offer discounts for using reusable bags! 3.I have heard of people using reusable bags when they move!

If you forget your reusable bags at home, buy a new one. 4.Just make sure you remember to put them there and never leave home without them!

If you are in a position where you need to use the plastic bags, reuse them next time you go shopping, or use them for something else. Just do not be so quick to throw them out!

There are some states that are outlawing(宣布……不合法）or charging extra for using plastic bags. 5.

A.Also, it takes a while for them to break down.

B.Students are constantly learning what they can do.

C.However, you had better keep a couple of bags in your car.

D.These bags are useful for things other than shopping as well.

E.Using reusable bags helps the environment and your budget!

F.They teach students how they can help deal with these problems.

G.When buying drinks, consider buying those with reusable water bottles.

    How the languages of the world appeared is largely a mystery. Considering that it might have taken thousands of years, it is attractive to see how deaf people can create novel sign languages unconsciously. Interestingly, children played an important role in the development of these novel languages. However, how exactly this happened has not been documented.

In a series of studies, researchers attempted to recreate exactly this process. Children were invited to stay in two different rooms and an online connection was set up between them.After a brief familiarization with the set- up, the researchers sneakily (偷偷地）turned off the sound and watched as the children found new ways of communicating that go beyond spoken language.

The children's task was to describe an image with different themes in a coordination game. With concrete things-like a hammer or a fork-children quickly found a solution by imitating the matching action, for example, eating, in a gesture. But the researchers repeatedly challenged the children with new, more abstract pictures. In the course of the study, the images to be described became more and more complex, which was also reflected in the gestures that the children produced. In order to communicate, the children invented separate gestures for actors and actions and began to combine them-thus creating a kind of small local grammar.

How does a language come into being? Based on the present study, the following steps appear reasonable: first, people create reference to actions and objects through signs that resemble things. The precondition for this is a common ground of experience between interaction partners. Partners also coordinate (配合）by imitating each other so that they use the same signs for the same things. The signs thus gain interpersonal and eventually common meaning. Over time, the relationships between the signs and things become more abstract and the meaning of the individual signs becomes more specific. Grammatical structures are gradually introduced when there is a need to communicate more complex facts. However, the most remarkable aspect of the current studies is that these processes can be observed under controlled circumstances and within 30 minutes.

1.How did the researchers carry out the experiment?

A.By making the communication in total silence.

B.By inferring to and copying the documented scene.

C.By observing children communicate face to face.

D.By listening secretly to the communication of children.

2.What should children do in the studies?

A.Show how to do different things with different tools.

B.Take several oral examinations on foreign languages.

C.Describe things to others without spoken languages.

D.Name some abstract objects which they have never seen.

3.What is the process of creating a language?

A.Signs→Accepted meaning→Interpersonal meaning→Language

B.Interpersonal meaning→Accepted meaning→Signs→Language

C.Accepted meaning→Interpersonal meaning→Signs→Language

D.Signs→Interpersonal meaning→Accepted meaning→Language

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.The development of novel sign languages.

B.The first steps of the making of languages.

C.The role children play in creating languages.

D.The circumstances of languages coming into being.

    If nothing is done to stop rising sea levels, the homes of 200 million people could be underwater by the year 2100. That's according to a study published in the scientific magazine Nature Communications. The global sea level has been rising for more than a century, and more quickly over the last several decades. That's because climate change is melting glaciers (冰川）and ice sheets. Higher sea levels flood coastlines. If steps aren't taken to protect cities and towns, people could be forced to move inland.

One European country is especially vulnerable to flooding: the Netherlands. More than a quarter of the country already sits below sea level. But the Netherlands has developed tactics (策略）for dealing with water. For that reason, many experts believe that even though it's vulnerable to rising seas, the country is well-equipped to deal with them.

In the region that is now the Netherlands, people have been inventing ways to keep out water for at least 900 years. The country is famous for its dikes (堤坝），which are long walls that prevent flooding. But in recent years, experts there have developed new techniques that go far beyond dikes, some of which are high-tech.For example, the Maeslantkering is a massive storm-surge barrier that protects the city of Rotterdam from seawater. It's controlled by a supercomputer. It closes automatically when Rotterdam is threatened by floods.

Other projects look to nature for inspiration.The DakAkker is a farm located on top of an office building in Rotterdam. The building's roof holds rainwater to prevent runoff. Another example is the Floating Farm. Its designers wanted to make room for agriculture in a waterflooded city. More than 30 dairy cows live on the farm, which floats in Rotterdam's waterways.The farm generates (生产）its own energy using floating solar panels.

“It's not that our solutions are the best,” says Henk Ovink, who works on water issues for the Dutch government. “But we provide ideas for your country's solutions.”

1.What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Heavily independent. B.Easy to be attacked.

C.Experienced in solving. D.Totally unconcerned.

2.What can we learn about“the Maeslantkering”?

A.It's a tactic to deal with glaciers. B.It's a high-tech life-saving ship.

C.It's a computer-controlled dike. D.It's a high building for escape.

3.Where is the Floating Farm?

A.On the river. B.Under the water.

C.On the long dikes. D.On top of a building.

4.What does Henk Ovink think of Dutch's tactics to fight floods?

A.An outline. B.An instruction. C.An assumption. D.An inspiration.

    As the three of them approached the waterfalls late in the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, Curtis Whitson could tell from the increasing roar (轰鸣）of water in the narrowing valley that they were in serious trouble. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls into something fierce. There was no way they'd be able to sail down the waterfall as planned.

“We've got to do something!” Whitson yelled to his wife, Krystal Ramirez, and his 13-year-old son, Hunter. Then he noticed and grabbed his bright red water bottle and carved “Help!”on it. Ramirez also reminded him that Hunter had a pen and paper in his backpack, with which they played a game. Whitson wrote “We are stuck here@the waterfall. Get help please!” on the paper, put the note into the bottle and threw it over the waterfalls.

They had thought they probably weren't going to get rescued that night. However, at midnight, they heard a helicopter above them. Unfortunately, the pilot didn't find a good place to land. The crew announced that they would come back the next day.

The next morning, the helicopter returned and lowered a crew member on a cable. Then rescuers lifted Hunter, Ramirez, and Whitson out of the valley one by one and put them and their gear (装备）on the closest cliff （悬崖）where the helicopter could safely land.

When the officers dropped them back at the campground, they learned more about the events that had saved them:Two men had seen the water bottle floating in the water. When they picked it up, they noticed the writing on it-“Help!” -which inspired their curiosity. Then they realized there was a note inside. After they read it, they brought it to the campground, turned the bottle in, and took off without leaving their names.

1.What trouble did the Whitsons meet with?

A.They were trapped at the top of waterfalls. B.They were lost in the travel in a small boat.

C.They were flooded by the rising river water. D.They had run out of all their drinking water.

2.Whitson used his water bottle to________.

A.play games B.send a message

C.make a time reminder D.defend the family

3.What can we infer about the place where the Whitsons stayed?

A.It was on a flat hillside. B.It was on the wide water.

C.It was between steep cliffs. D.It was at the top of a mountain.

4.How were the Whitsons finally saved?

A.They got back to the campground by themselves.

B.They were guided to climb from the valley safely.

C.They were rescued by two passers-by accidentally.

D.They were found and saved by professional rescuers.

The USA's Best Drive-in Movie Theatres

Gather your friends, pile into the car, and enjoy an evening of America at these classic theatres.

Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop-Fort Lauderdale, Florida

The Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop holds the title for the world's largest drive-in theatre. The drive-in theatre opened on 22 November 1963 with one screen. Now, the theatre has 13 new screens and nearly 12 million people visit it annually. The original screen is still up in running, although it's now called screen nine. Thanks to Florida's amazing weather, the theatre is open 365 days a year.

Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In-Gibson City, Illinois

Built in 1954, this two-screen drive-in is making a name for itself thanks to a decision to switch to wind power. The owners at Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In started using wind power as a way of keeping the costs of running the theatre down. By doing so, the drive-in is able to keep their prices consistent and if you want to catch a film at this green theatre, it's open from March until October.

Coyote Drive-In-Fort Worth, Texas

Opened in 2013, Coyote Drive-In was built with the goal of bringing back the drive-in magic to the community (社区）. One ticket will give you access to nightly double features-two movies back to back- available on four different screens. A unique feature of the theatre is that pets of all shapes and sizes are welcome, including horses.

Field of Dreams-Liberty Center, Ohio

Paying honour to the film Field of Dreams, Rod and Donna Saunders built the Field of Dreams drive-in theatre on their farmland in Liberty Center, Ohio in 1989. The Saunders' project provides cost-effective family entertainment for the locals of their countryside community.

1.What is special about Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In?

A.It has the most screens. B.Its ticket price is steady.

C.It has a quiet environment. D.It has newly imported equipment.

2.What inspired the Saunders to build the Field of Dreams?

A.A wonderful film of the same name. B.Their famous farmland in the countryside.

C.The locals'demands for entertainment. D.The cultural promotion of their community.

3.Which drive-in theatre has the shortest history?

A.Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop. B.Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In.

C.Coyote Drive-In. D.Field of Dreams.

假定你是李华，为了提高你们的英语水平，学校决定每周定期举办英语角（English corner)，并于近期开始其首场。请你给你校的英语外教Johnson写一封信，邀请他参加指导，要点如下：1.时间：9月16日晚上6:30至8:30；2.地点：教学楼二楼礼堂；3.内容：表演英语戏剧、朗诵英文诗歌、演唱英语歌曲等；

注意：1.词数 100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有

10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Throughout my high school year there was an area calling the outdoor classroom. When I graduated, the teacher took care of the area had to have back surgery. Not thinking twice I told him that I would take care of the area for that summer. She insists on paying me, but I needn't take her money. I have been taking well care of that area for 3 years now for her.

Every year she asks me why I do this for her but I tell her it is the least I can do to for a teacher and a school I love. May all the students come to loving the outdoor classroom as I do.

    The past 6 months have been one great challenge.A close friend of mine,Joanne,_______the end of her life.She knew it,and instead of regretting and crying,she _______it and as she died last week I thought of how a shooting star _______so brightly as it trails the universe, right before it _______.

It was a great _______to have her company these past months.One of the last things she asked me was to find an organization _______women coming out of prison,to_______her business clothing to them for job interviews.We found such a _______here in Raleigh,NC where I live.I didn't know the _______for it,but this is called a"Reentry"service or program and many countries and ________have them all over the world.

I ________her donation before she died,and somehow thought about doing a clothing drive ________Joanne's life and inviting others to gift clothing to ________more people at the program. Well,I'm so________to share that it went really well.We had a lot of ________filling the joyful business clothes for men and women.

It didn't________anything but gas,time and love.A few phone calls,social media posts, texts,and the beautiful thing is ________she is gone,I felt like we did it ________.My dear mother helped me too,and it felt so good to ________ something inspired by Joanne's life for ________blessing a population of people that most often is overlooked.

1.A.escaped B.approached C.forgot D.lost

2.A.hated B.admired C.refused D.accepted

3.A.shines B.disappears C.fades D.occurs

4.A.sets out B.comes out C.goes out D.turns out

5.A.fortune B.pity C.opportunity D.success

6.A.attracting B.forcing C.protecting D.supporting

7.A.destroy B.throw C.provide D.collect

8.A.method B.program C.challenge D.behaviour

9.A.period B.change C.term D.meaning

10.A.partners B.members C.committees D.cities

11.A.researched B.discovered C.inspired D.sent

12.A.on behalf of B.in honor of C.instead of D.in spite of

13.A.help B.educate C.persuade D.guide

14.A.expressed B.tired C.excited D.expected

15.A.pleasures B.treasures C.donations D.belongings

16.A.save B.cost C.breath D.waste

17.A.even though B.as if C.in case D.now that

18.A.together B.forever C.perfectly D.immediately

19.A.remember B.value C.notice D.organize

20.A.kindness B.encouragement C.concern D.ignorance

    They came into the bakery with their father.A little brother and sister both were very respectful and receptive to the man who held the door open for them.1.

When I received my change,I gave each of them ￡l and explained that I was so impressed with their good manners.2.He thanked me again and again for my reward.He allowed them to take the money.

I left the bakery and as I was coming out of another shop I ran into them again,each carefully carrying their little treat in a little bakery bag so that it did not get damaged.3.As I smiled back and walked to my car I thought of their eagerness to relay this event to Mum.A simple act of kindness started with the man who held the bakery door open. 4.We are here to love and serve each other.5.

Let the kindness spread!

A.Who knows where the waves will lead.

B.Their dad was not buying pastries,only bread.

C.They waved to me and smiled;we were now friends.

D.Their upbeat"thank you"really made an impression on me.

E.Though they were poorly dressed they were kind to all the customers around.

F.They carried all the goods carefully and walked joyfully with all happy smiles.

G.We surely will allow this positive effect to move through us into the lives of others.

    For the first time, a causal link has been established between climate(气候) change and the timing of a natural event-the appearance of the common brown butterfly.

Although there have been strong connections between global warming and changes in the timing of events such as animal migration and flowering, it has been hard to show a cause-and-effect link. This is what Michael Kearney and Natalie Briscoe of the University of Melbourne, Australia, have now done.

The researchers compared temperature changes in Melbourne-where the butterfly is common-with recorded observations of the first brown butterfly to be seen in the spring since the 1940s.With each of the past ten years, the butterflies appeared 1.6 days earlier and Melbourne heated by 0.14℃. Overall, the butterfly now appears on average 10.4 days before it did in the 1940s.

The pair are confident in the relationship for two reasons. First, they placed eggs of the butterfly, in special boxes where temperature could be controlled and found that each larval stage had a different response to warmer-than-normal conditions. The egg, which is laid in late summer, and the first larval stage do well at high temperatures, says Kearney. The second to the fifth stages occur in winter and can't survive high temperatures. The knock- on effect is that the larval pupates earlier and the butterfly appears sooner. Second, they made a mathematical model combining these physiological effects of temperature on development with climate data. The model precisely matched the observed changes in butterfly emergence date.

The researchers used several climate models to find out what is likely to have caused the rise in Melbourne's temperature, and ruled out the possibility that natural weather events could account for the warming.

1.What is the relationship between the rise in temperature and the butterfly appearance?

A.They are linked in a difficult way.

B.They are related in a cause-and-effect way.

C.They have a direct relationship with each other.

D.They have no connection with each other.

2.Why were the researchers confident about their finding?

A.They had used the most advanced equipment in the world.

B.Their finding got support from the textbooks.

C.The results of their study is based on expert judgement.

D.Their experiment proved their previous guessing.

3.What does the underlined part "The knock-on effect" in paragraph 4 mean?

A.The effect caused by the thing that happened before.

B.The effect of things that happened at the same time.

C.The effect of one thing causing the other long after.

D.The effect of one thing causing the other quickly.

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A.The exact reason for Melbourne's temperature rise is very clear.

B.Climate models cannot exactly show climate change in history.

C.The timing of the butterfly appearance will be earlier with increased warming.

D.The rise in temperature decides the possibility of natural weather events.