Your teacher hands back a test and you did poorly. At this moment, you wish you could hide from the world. 1. But according to a research, what’s more important is how you react in the long term. Scientists say students can be divided into two groups. The first, called “mastery-oriented learners” view poor results as challenges to do better in the future. The second, called “helpless learners” will respond just by giving up.

2. But surprisingly, this attitude is even more important than a student’s natural intelligence. However smart, eventually you’ll come across question you cannot answer. When you do, it’s important not to fall victim to helplessness. Learned helplessness was first discovered in an experiment where some dogs suffered from electrical shocks they couldn’t escape from. Later, their feeling of helplessness was so strong that they made no attempt to escape even when they could.

So what makes you a different learner? 3. Mastery-oriented learners believe hard work is the key to success. Faced with failure, they simply conclude they need to try harder. However, helpless learners believe intelligence is inborn. 4. Thus, when they have difficulties they conclude they are not smart enough and that improving on their intelligence isn’t possible.

If you want to be a mastery-oriented person, you can. 5. If you think you can do better, keep trying and the results will surely follow.

A.Start by not letting negative results discourage you.

B.It’s feeling many students are familiar with.

C.It all comes down to your idea of intelligence.

D.That’s because you should have worked hard.

E.Whether you’re intelligent, ambition counts.

F.To them, success in school seems to rely on natural talent and ability.

G.As you would expect, the first group performs better than the second.

    It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy, and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people. However, a new study led by the body language expert Dr. Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.

In his research, he asked 44 participants aged 18-35 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong. Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.

After the quiz, the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions including “bored”, “interested” and “frustrated”. Meanwhile, their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.

Dr Witchel said: “According to some researchers, a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement. However, behavioral ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these human-computer interaction experiments, smiling isn't driven by happiness; it is associated with subjective involvement(主观参与),which acts like a social fuel for smiling, even when socializing with a computer on your own.”

Surprisingly, participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers. However, they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong. Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong. Dr. Witchel added: “During these computerized quizzes, smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly. This behavior could be explained by self-ratings of engagement, rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”

1.Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?

A.To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.

B.To make the answer period last as long as possible.

C.To discover the most intelligent participants.

D.To create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.

2.What can we infer from idea of Behavioral Ecology Theory?

A.Other researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.

B.Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.

C.It is not associated with subjective engagement.

D.Smiling is usually connected with social activities.

3.What do we know about the text?

A.Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.

B.Participants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.

C.In Dr Witchel's opinion, smiling is connected with subjective involvement.

D.Dr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.What Contributes to Real Happiness? B.How to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?

C.Smiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean Happiness D.People Generally Hold a Wrong View on Happiness

    You'll need to take a deep breath before hearing this news. An astonishing 93% of kids around the world live in environments with air pollution levels that are damaging their health, according to a new report by WHO.

Air pollution is to blame for the deaths of 543,000 kids under 5 in 2016, with more than one in four deaths of children under five years old being related to environmental issues. Exposure (暴露)to air pollution can damage the health of kids in a variety of ways, either causing or being associated with everything from low birth weight to childhood obesity and so on.

"The large toll of disease and death revealed (揭示)by these new data should result in an urgent call to action for the global community especially for those in the health department WHO stated. “ Strong action to reduce exposure to air pollution offers an opportunity to protect the health of children. " The report stressed that health experts should communicate with families , communities and policy-makers about the serious risks of air pollution exposure. " Although more researches into how air pollution affects children's health will continue to be valuable, there is already evidence to justify strong, swift action to prevent the damage it clearly produces," WHO added.

Disease caused by dirty air is more common in low-and-middle in come countries, especially those in Africa, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. Poor countries in these areas have the highest levels of exposure to household air pollution due to the use of polluting fuels and technologies for basic needs like cooking, heating and lighting.

Advised solutions include cleaner transport , cleaner cooking and heating fuels and technologies  energy-efficient housing and urban planning, safer industrial technologies and better waste management.

1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The way to fight air pollution.

B.The serious result of air pollution.

C.The illnesses children are suffering.

D.The deaths caused by air pollution.

2.What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Number. B.Threat. C.Fact. D.Report.

3.What are health experts asked to do?

A.Do more researches. B.Find ways to fight air pollution.

C.Make the serious risks known. D.Develop cleaner fuels and technologies.

4.What can we learn from the text?

A.Researches of this kind have stopped.

B.Air pollution caused 543,000 kids' death in 2016.

C.Nothing can be done to stop air pollution al present.

D.Air pollution is more serious in low-and-middle-income countries.

    We’ve heard of robots and AI（Artificial Intelligence）taking human jobs, but I bet mayors（市长）don’t really think their jobs can be threatened any time soon. They were wrong, and the AI running for the mayor of a Tokyo district was clear proof of that.

AI can’t legally run for high-ranking public management positions yet, but one mayoral candidate from Tama City, Tokyo, intended to maximize the use of artificial intelligence in running city affairs. He was running his campaign （竞选运动） as “AI Mayor”. Basically, he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone.

“For the first time in the world, AI will run in an election,” human candidate Michihito Matsuda announced on Twitter. “Artificial Intelligence will change Toma City. With the birth of an AI Mayor, we will conduct balanced politics.”

The AI Mayor was campaigning very much like its human competitors. Posters were shown all over Tama City and campaign trucks were blaring out（大声鸣响）promises of an AI utopia （乌托邦）and asking for support.

Some people called Michihito Matsuda’s campaign a stunt （噱头）, as a human would still be the one legally in charge. However, others said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background, adding that it had to be a better choice.

1.What’s the advantage of the AI mayor according to Michihito Matsuda?

A.Maximizing the use of AI. B.Replacing human officials.

C.Creating balanced policies. D.Bringing him beneficial effects.

2.How will AI run for the mayor?

A.It will abolish many old policies.

B.It will ask for support on the Internet.

C.It will make public speeches, dressed like a human.

D.It will compete similarly to human competitors.

3.What’s the citizens’ attitude toward Michihito Matsuda’s campaign?

A.They believe AI will win. B.All consider it to be tricky.

C.It is supposed to be a failure definitely. D.Some think it’s worthy of expectation.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.AI Runs for the Mayor. B.The Advantages of AI.

C.AI Replaces Human in Management. D.The Patterns of AI Management.

1.What will elephant volunteers do?

A.Sweep the enclosure of elephants.

B.Take food for elephants at 6:30 am.

C.Watch satellite television on elephants.

D.Wash elephants in the lake in the afternoon.

2.What do we know about the Gorilla safari?

A.You can find gorillas in Kenya and Canada.

B.You will get a cold in the mountain forests.

C.Visitors need to pay $220 to see gorillas.

D.There are about 10 trips to visit gorillas.

3.What’s the aim of these activities?

A.To help build more national parks.

B.To help protect the wild animals.

C.To help deal with the pollution in cities.

D.To help solve the problem of global warming.

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。

You never know the difference you might make if you take the time to encourage someone. I gave up the idea of being a writer the summer before I started college. I’d been writing since I was five years old. My little friends wanted toys at that time, but I just wanted paper. Childhood passed and a box of short stories gave way to my middle school days. I wrote for a magazine and by the time I was in my eighth grade, half of the annual publications were written by me. Sometimes I'd dream about being a novelist, writing books that everyone might read. My dad was always sure that it would happen. When he read my poems or stories, his eyes welled up. "That's beautiful, honey,” he always told me. "One day, the entire world will know what a gift you have.” Those words encouraged me through high school to keep believing that writing was my calling.

But somewhere along the months of my senior year, I became disappointed. The crazy injustice in this world — bad guys getting buck out on the street and doing harm again and again, changed my mind.”I m going to be a lawyer in the future,” I told my parents. My dad’s face fell, but he kept his smile. "Whatever you do, you'll be brialliant at it," he said to me.

One of my first classes at college was Journalism 100. One day, the professor, Bob Scheibel, assigned us a story about an apartment fire. He gave us the facts and we had a few days to write a news story.

I was sure that I had gotten the facts right when I wrote the story. I didn’t expect much feedback. But a few days later, Bob Scheibel asked me to talk to him after class. Questions raced through my mind. What had I done wrong? Had I gotten the facts mixed up? Did I miss anything critical in the details? Five minutes after the class, I found myself in front of the professor. His eyes met mine with great seriousness.

假定你是李华，正作为交换生在伦敦一所学校学习。你的好友Eric邀靖你在校文化节上表演一段中国民族舞蹈或唱一首民歌。请给他回一封信，内容包括：

1.感谢邀请；

2.介绍将表演的节目；

3.表达期待。

注意:1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

    Last night one of our 3 family dogs was hit and killed by a car in front of my mother's house.

The dogs became, more or less, my mother's substitute ____ after her human ones grew up and moved out. The one that was killed had ____ with my mom far more than the others. She is shocked and upset. I loved the dog, ____ my true sadness currently comes from having to watch my mother endure another ____ after everything she has been through in her life. In the midst of all of this I have to sincerely_____ the driver. It was not his fault. The dog chased a deer into the  ____ at night. In an effort not to hit the deer he suddenly changed ____ , not seeing the dog, resulting in her death. The driver _____, carefully wrapped our dog in a blanket to ____ her dignity, and carried her up to my mother s front door* He was ____ shaking and very upset. He informed my mother of____ happened and she broke down immediately. He comforted her the best a stranger could. He left his ____ and offered assistance in any way he could.

What he really did was ____ my mother from hitting on a ____ scene herself while searching for the dog. He could have very easily continued on his way, but he did something that I hope I never forget. Thank you, Stranger. You restored my ____ in humanity.

1.A.children B.pets C.property D.belongings

2.A.kept B.helped C.bonded D.touched

3.A.besides B.while C.or D.but

4.A.incident B.tragedy C.situation D.scene

5.A.criticize B.comfort C.applaud D.blame

6.A.field B.road C.square D.room

7.A.mind B.wheel C.idea D.direction

8.A.pulled away B.took off C.pulled over D.pulled off

9.A.preserve B.develop C.hide D.cancel

10.A.suddenly B.casually C.accidently D.obviously

11.A.that B.how C.what D.why

12.A.goods B.information C.car D.house

13.A.spare B.separate C.ban D.tell

14.A.wonderful B.pleasant C.unforgettable D.horrible

15.A.energy B.faith C.decision D.doubt

How to Communicate as a Family

In today's busy world, many families struggle to see each other. That does not mean that our need for family has decreased. Most of us still long for a united family.1.. Below are tips on it.

Use effective communication skills

Each member of the family should feel important and valued. 2.. In order for your family members to hear your needs, you have to express them. Be polite but honest with your family during discussions.

Listen intently

3.. Your family members will feel loved if their point of view is heard and respected. Avoid talking over your family members, and instead, listen to what they are saying.

Show appreciation for each other

Taking family for granted is easily done.4.. Make it a point to tell each family member that you are thankful for them, and that you enjoy being a family.

5.

Everyone in your family is not going to agree on every issue. As a family, you have to be flexible and accepting of each person's point of view. Avoid arguing over little things such as who should take the trash out; instead, make a conscious effort to divide responsibilities and privileges （特权）fairly.

A.Agree to disagree

B.This includes you

C.Give and accept apologies

D.However, that unity does not always come easily

E.Most of them have been around most of your life

F.It is important that you hear your family members' concerns

G.Also remember that perfect unity will not exist all the time in any family

    An increase of just 2°C in global temperatures could make the world considerably drier and more desert-like, new research has warned.

More than a quarter of the world's land surface, home to more than 1.5 billion people, would become more arid and droughts and wildfires could be widespread. Limiting global warming to 1.5℃ would dramatically reduce the percentage of the Earth's surface affected, scientists found.

“Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world's land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2℃”，said Dr Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s School of Environmental Sciences and one of the study's co-authors.

The research team studied projections from 27 global climate models and identified areas of the world where aridity will greatly change. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than .20 percent of the world's population — that’s over 1.5 billion people.

The study looked at the current rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution. The world has already warmed by 1℃since then. Two thirds of the affected regions could avoid significant aridification if warming is limited to 1.5℃, researchers found.   

The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2℃ and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5℃.

But the local protectionism makes it possible that the world may become drier and the horrific scenes of the Californian wildfires may become more common. The fire burned more than 440 square miles of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties and destroyed more than 1,000 structures after breaking out in early December.

1.What should we do to prevent aridification?

A.We should limit the temperature rise to 2°C.

B.We should limit the temperature rise to 1.5°C.

C.We should limit the industrial development.

D.We should limit the global population.

2.Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification?

A.China. B.Russia. C.Canada. D.Philippine.

3.Why does the author mention the Californian wildfires in the text?

A.To show the harm of aridification.

B.To emphasize the loss of the fire.

C.To support the local protectionism.

D.To tell us wildfires are common.

4.What is Dr Manoj's attitude towards the global temperature change?

A.Indifferent. B.Approving. C.Concerned. D.Unclear.