Some business owners are keen on public welfare. This is        local services have been funded.

A. whether B. what C. where D. how

— Is it enough to finish the form for a passport, Madam?

— Your passport application form should be ________ by two recent photos.

A. updated B. accompanied

C. established D. identified

Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

现在上海高考采用的是三加三模式（语数外+理化生政史地任选三门），以往采用的是三加一模式（语数外+理化生政史地任选一门），针对这两种高考模式谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括：

1.比较两种模式的异同；

2.你更喜欢哪种模式并陈述理由。

注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.“爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务。（tough）

2.诸如地震这一类的自然灾害，对某些地区的影响远比其他地区更大。（like）

3.如果你的演讲有良好的规划和充满热情的演绎，肯定会打动听众的。（inspire）

4.为了让各类型的无线网络系统都能更快速连线，5G连线将使用毫米波的频率。（available）

Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.

In today’s changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.

According to a survey by Aflac, small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half（51 percent）agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.

Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent）stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.

In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business’s mission.

Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.

Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.

By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 1. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going.

Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?

Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 2.

Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. 3. By letting them“borrow”your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for!

4. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.

A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.

B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.

C. But they belong to the community, too.

D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward.

E. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activity.

F. Round up some readers.

    The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bit bigger than a rabbit, it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees（桉树），feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animal on the planet.

The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainder of its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving, experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad at the end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort, of sitting more comfortable.

Threats and protective measures

The unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years according to the Australian Museum.

To help protect these animals, which bring in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome（基因组）of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial’s（有袋动物）long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.

“The ultimate goal is that we won’t have to…rescue them from the edge of extinction,”said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work.

“Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them.”

Early findings

An elementary analysis of the koala’s genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.

For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala’s DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyplus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize（代谢）medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.

The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia’s 60 known eucalyplus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.

Information waiting to be discovered

Johnson said that the information encoded in the koala’s DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial’s genome.

“The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find,”she said.“Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky’s the limit with what you can do with it.”

1.What can be concluded from the passage?

A. The research on the Koala’s DNA has prevented its extinction successfully.

B. Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.

C. Koala’s extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.

D. Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala’s gene to save them.

2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.

B. Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.

C. Koalas are being extinct just due to human’s activities.

D. Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.

3.“The sky’s the limit”in the last sentence most probably means ___.

A. The sky is the restriction

B. The sky is too high to reach

C. There is no limit

D. There is no possibility

4.The passage is mainly about ___.

A. Koala-a Special Creature in Australia

B. scientific research on Koalas

C. scientific efforts to save the Koalas

D. Koala’s Characters and Preference

    Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children’s health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online.

The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment retesting all previously approved chemicals.

Leonard Trasande ,the author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.

Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?

A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child’s hormones, growth and development.

Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.

Q: What additives does the statement highlight?

A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:

Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen（雌激素）in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.

Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.

1.According to the American Academy of Pediatric’s report, people should ___ to cope with the problem of food additives.

A. try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additives

B. update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals again

C. improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicals

D. reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system

2.Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows ___.

A. children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adults

B. children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adults

C. children are just too young and weak to protect themselves

D. children’s organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover

3.How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?

A. 2 B. 7

C. 8 D. 3

    Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.

Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.

Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.

They also hate throwing out fruit that’s too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.

Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.

Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don’t buy anything else. They way they won’t purchase more food than they can consume.

1.What is the main subject of this article?

A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.

B. A plan that millennials have for donating food.

C. A novel cooking technique that millennials like.

D. A food production system favored by millennials.

2.What do millennials with fruit before freezing it?

A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.

B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.

C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.

D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.

3.According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?

A. When they dine out together

B. Whey they vote for candidates

C. When they choose an employer

D. When they plant a new garden

4.According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?

A. They select small cans and packages.

B. They prepare a practical shopping list.

C. They leave their credit cards at home.

D. They weigh produce before buying it.

    Serendipity - an unexpected delight – is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.

Simply ________, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.

Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking ________, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.

What ________ caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays’ newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along“the last ________ coast of Europe.”This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to ________ a try.

On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and ________ a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we ________ or spoke with the company’s local expert who was available ________ emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to ________ a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles.

The ________ of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff ________ the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below. In the distance, many of mountain peaks ________ sparkling wind turbines（涡轮机）like candles on a cake.

Silence and loneliness were the features of each day’s accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent ________ of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed（点缀）with glorious bursts of sunshine.

There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents ________ mostly fishing items.

My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking ________ had moved us further down that path in ways we won’t forget.

1.A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put

2.A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials

3.A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly

4.A. recommended B. developed C. unspoiled D. discovered

5.A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate

6.A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to

7.A. negotiated B. discussed C. contacted D. texted

8.A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of

9.A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand

10.A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route

11.A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking

12.A. established B. lightened C. sported D. structured

13.A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions

14.A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited

15.A. experience B. technique C. investigation D. experiment

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers 1. tons of questions. People keep reading or watching 2. they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.

Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.

Many of history greatest discoveries 3.（make）by curious people. People wondered 4. processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology 5.（help）them.

Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better 6.（inform）and thus a more capable worker.

What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the 7.（interesting）it becomes.

As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions 8. they express.

Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows 9. that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.

In the classroom or out of it, 10.（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Peppa Pig

An upcoming film's trailer(预告片)has garnered huge attention on China's social media platforms, with many netizens dubbing the short video as the "best commercial video of 2019".

The 5-minute trailer is advertising the upcoming animated film Peppa Celebrates Chinese New Year, which revolves around the question "Who is Peppa?" and tells a touching story that highlights Chinese families.

In the beginning, a senior man named Li Yubao living in a remote rural area asked his grandson on the phone what gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival, but only heard the word "Peppa" due to the poor mobile signal. Therefore, the man begins an interesting journey to discover who Peppa is.

With the help of neighbors, the senior got closer to the answer, created a Peppa Pig model using metals and his own intuition, and surprised his grandson.

At the end of the story, the man found out Peppa was a cartoon figure and enjoyed the film with the whole family during the holiday season.

（写作内容）

1. 请用30个单词概述上文主要内容。

2. 请用120个词写出:

(1)这个广告预告片的意义?

(2)谈谈为什么老年人希望孩子常回家看看以及我们年轻人该做点什么。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

（评分标准） 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

根据中文提示，选择《3500高考词汇》A和B词条中适当的单词填空

1.He recognized Mr. Hunter as an old business _________(熟人) from his years in banking.

2.I like cats but unfortunately I'm _________(过敏的)to them.

3.The copy he made of the painting can pass for an _________(真的) one.

4.The union called on its members to _________(抵制) the meeting.

5.Memory is like a living book whose _________(灿烂的) fragments are worth reading a hundred times in my life.

根据首字母，选择适当的已学单词填空

1.The project was predicated on the a_________ that the economy was expanding.

2.I'm only worried about his attitude to the job; his c_________ is not in question.

3.I have to go now because I must be p_________ for class.

4.Officials should never be allowed to abuse their a_________ and position.

5.His anger s_________ from his suffering at the loss of the most important love he had ever known in his life.

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

When we are born, we are unspoiled. As we grow, we develop many complexities due to many influences in our lives. During childhood, we are repeatedly discouraged, blamed, and in some cases, abused. As we grow older, we develop our own version of right and wrong. We create a world of our own.

Our brain collects and keeps all visual, auditory information from the moment we are born and to the smallest of the details. Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body, in billions, have their own memory. In other words, our body store both physiological and psychological memories. We are complex emotional beings in nature compared to any other living animal.

Apparently, physical and psychological memories strongly influence our emotions! Interestingly, we can create, store, and release emotion like energy. Moreover, if we do not process our emotions properly and suppress them for a long time, they can find a way out violently and unexpectedly.

Unfortunately, we carry our guilt throughout our lives resulting in ever-increasing burden on our shoulders. We become heavy with guilt and anger for things we could or did not achieve, for things we cannot have, to cite few examples. Evidently, everyone carries his or her own sack of guilt and anger.

One must question our nature of accumulating and carrying our guilt and anger until the end. Both guilt and anger are useless for us. They give us no advantage. Therefore, one may ask: is there a way to put down the sack from our weary shoulders? It is possible, indeed. Importantly, since our guilt and anger inside us are neither addressed nor given attention to, they are stored. Actually, we should process and address our emotions in order to remove them from our system. We cannot just wish them away.

In fact, by acknowledging their presence and providing a channel for them to disappear, we can remove our emotions gradually. Taking drugs, consuming alcohol only worsens the situation. They only provide temporary comfort and relief. Is there a better way to unload our burden Luckily, we have natural gift to process our feeling and emotions. Forgiveness stands first of all other natural remedies (疗法).

Indeed, there is no better way than forgiving ourselves. Not withstanding, we should learn to readily forgive others. When we learn to forgive ourselves, we also naturally forgive others.

In summary, there is no benefit carrying our years of emotional baggage. By forgiving, we can throw away the emotional baggage we carry for years, if not decades, and it can lead to positive ones. Forgive your past mistakes. The moment you start forgiving, you feel a lot lighter and years of heaviness lifted magically! To your surprise, you start feeling a lot more energetic and optimistic in your daily life.

1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5. 6.6. 7.7. 8.8. 9.9. 10.10.

    The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists.

Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation(发炎)which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.

Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline(肾上腺素), certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether.

To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease.

So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run.

The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions.

They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise.

They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work.

Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters.

So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline.

What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice.

More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals’ IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish.

With these results, “we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection,” said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move.

1.The relationship between exercise and cancer has long puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists because ________.

A. exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer

B. exercise can both elevate inflammation for many cancers and protect the body against cancer

C. exercise may change can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether

D. exercise can increase in inflammation which can contribute to elevated risks for many cancers

2.In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?

A. Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.

B. Levels of interleukin-6 are higher in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.

C. Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.

D. Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off.

3.What does the underlined word “sedentary” mean?

A. run B. move C. sit D. sleep

4.In the follow-up experiments, the scientists found __________.

A. the hormone adrenaline has much higher levels in the blood of the exercising animals

B. how these elements in the runners — their increased adrenaline, IL-6, and natural killer immune cells — fight against tumor

C. interleukin-6 can both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work

D. what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease that kill the immune cells

5.According to the study, we can infer the fundamental substance to fight the cancer off is ________.

A. adrenaline B. interleukin-6 C. natural killer cells D. genes

    These young men were a different kind of prisoner from those we had seen before. They were brave, hostile and aggressive they would not take orders, and shouted “Amandla！” at every opportunity. Their instinct was to confront rather than cooperate. The authorities① did not know how to handle them, and they turned the island upside down. During the Rivonia Trial, I remarked to a security policeman that if the government did not reform itself, the freedom fighters who would take our place② would some day make the authorities miss us. That day had indeed come on Robben Island.

In these young men we saw the angry revolutionary spirit of the times. I had had some warning. On a visit with Winnie a few months before, she had managed to tell me through our coded conversation that there was a rising class of discontented youths③ who were violent and Africanist in beliefs. She said they were changing the nature of the struggle and that I should be aware of them.

The new prisoners were shocked by what they considered the inhuman conditions of the island, and said that they could not understand how we could live in such a way. We told them that they should have seen the island in 1964. But they were almost as sceptical of us as they were of the authorities. They chose to ignore our calls for discipline and thought our advice weak and unassertive (不果断).

It was obvious that they regarded us, the Rivonia Trialists④, as moderates⑤. After so many years of being branded a radical revolutionary, to be seen as a moderate was a novel and not altogether pleasant feeling. I knew that I could react in one of two ways: I could scold them for their disrespect or I could listen to what they were saying. I chose the latter.

Then some of these men, such as Strini Moodley of the South African Students Organization and Saths Cooper of the Black People’s Convention, came into our section, _________.

Shortly after their arrival on the island, the commanding officer came and asked me as a favour to address the young men. He wanted me to tell them to behave themselves, to recognize the fact that they were in prison and to accept the discipline of prison life. I told him that I was not prepared to do that. Under the circumstances, they would have regarded me as a follower of the authorities.

(---adapted from “Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela”)

1.We may infer from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that ___________.

A. an angry massive revolution was probably on its way

B. these young men were willing to cooperate in face of difficulties

C. many were concerned about the influence these young men could make

D. the author’s activities were strictly monitored

2.One sentence is missing in the blank of the passage regarding the author’s following reactions.Which of the following reactions do you think he would have?

A. I tried to calm them down and talked them into behaving.

B. I reported to the officers about their dissatisfaction.

C. I asked them to tell us about their movement and beliefs.

D. I just turned a deaf ear to the young men.

3.Several phrases have been underlined and numbered in the passage; which two of them actually refer to the same people?

A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ⑤①

    The traditional news media in America has been having a rough time in the last few years. According to a recent survey, more Americans have a negative (43%) than a positive (33%) view of the news media, and are finding it harder to be well informed because it is getting harder to determine which news is accurate.

The problem is preference. While ideally the media should be objective and hold power to account, in reality we know that most news outlets belong to a certain party and have their own agenda to advance. Whether state-owned or run by some shady tax-avoiding billionaire, getting “the masses” to view the world from a certain perspective has always been a priceless power to wield.

So why is trust in the media so low? Well, according to the same survey, 8 out of 10 Americans believe that the news media are critical to their democracy. The gap between these noble expectations of an honest, objective media and the performance that they actually deliver is large. Times when the mask slips and examples of media manipulation(操纵)are exposed are hugely damaging to trust, and people naturally turn to social media for others, even-easier-to-manipulate sources. Thus we are in the current state in which we find ourselves:confused and mistrustful.

People have been posting examples of how media can use different techniques of deception, to trick you into seeing exactly what they wanted you to see. As you will discover, perspective really is everything! It will goes to show that a healthy dose of skepticism goes a long way, and getting your news from a wide range of different sources is your best bet to a more rounded view of the world we live in. Social media is good in that respect, but bad in terms of regulation, trolling and people shouting horrible things at each other. The good old traditional news media really is needed as a forum for reasonable debate and expert opinion, but they gotta stop with the manipulation already!

1.What does para2 want to convey?

A. People have prejudice for media

B. The media can take control of the party

C. The media have acted as a tool to mask the truth

D. The media have a priceless power

2.What’s your understanding of the sentence “As you will discover, perspective really is everything!”?

A. People should not have faith in what the media says because some news are not true.

B. People should not be too curious about things around

C. People should refer to social media rather than traditional media if wanting to know the truth of news.

D. The spirit of suspect and diverse sources are good ways to help people recognize the truth of the world.

3.What’ s the structure of the passage?

A. ①→②③→④ B. ①→②③④

C. ①②③→④ D. ①②→③→④

4.What’ the best title for the passage?

A. Where’s trust in the media.

B. Why people’s trust in the media falls.

C. How people treat trust in the media.

D. What’ s trust in the media

    A few things to consider before booking a flight

With fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day, airfare isn’t getting any cheaper. Since you can’t drive to all your dream destinations, flying is the only way to go sometimes and, undeniably, the fastest. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find the most affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you plan ahead.

Getting the best fare

Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.

Fly during the least popular times

Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week. You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don’t like to get up before the sun to get to the airport. Earlier boarding times can also considerably cut down your chances of getting bumped(取消已预定的飞机座位)on an overbooked flight or delayed because of other delayed flights or mechanical issues.

Choose your seat later

Some airlines charge you to pick your seat when you book online, adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost. If you show up early on your travel day, you can still get suitable seats. Some of the best seats get held back until flight day, unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, so you still have the chance at one of those.

Fly on holidays

You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly, and even though most other times are more affordable, the days surrounding holidays can be crazy. Save big if you’re willing to travel on major holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Don’t wait until the last-minute to book

Many travelers don’t know that there’s a sweet spot for booking and getting the best price on your tickets. Book too early or too late and you could end up paying more than you need to. The best time to book is between three months and six weeks from when you want to travel.

Avoiding extra fees

Airlines will charge for just about anything these days. Some have even toyed around with charging customers for using the restroom. All those extra fees can certainly add up, but there’s no reason to pay them if you don’t have to. Here are some tips to keep money in your wallet once you get to the airport.

Avoid the upgrade it's not necessary

Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be large.

Fly carry-on only

Baggage fees vary wildly, but almost all airlines charge them and charge big. Why pay for your clothes to fly with you? If everyone in your travel party checks a bag, your bill can be astronomical before you ever even get to your destination. It’s easy to reduce the amount of stuff you pack: Make sure all your clothing coordinates, so you can take less and still make more outfit combinations, take only two pair of shoes, plan to do a bit of laundry on your trip and bring only travel-sized toiletries.

Pack your own snacks

Unless you’re flying internationally, it’s rare your flight comes with a free meal. Snacks on the plane are not cheap and almost never healthy. Don’t rely on what’s on the small menu and instead tuck some of your own snacks – granola bars, homemade muffins, fruit and trail mix all make fantastic travel foods – into your bag and eat a lot better, and cheaper, than other passengers.

Do you have a tried and true method of getting the best deal on your flights? Let us know.

1.To save money, which one should NOT be the choice?

A. Early morning flights

B. Early boarding times

C. The flights on Saturday

D. The flights on Summer holiday

2.According to the passage, which one is right?

A. If you show up early on your travel day, you can get the best seats.

B. You can save big if you’re willing to travel on Christmas eve.

C. You will be charged for seeking the upgrades, and the cost can be high.

D. If you’re flying internationally, your flight will come with a free meal.

3.According to the passage, you can do the things except _____ to avoid extra fees.

A. use the restroom

B. eat your own snacks heartily

C. fly with carry-on

D. give up the upgrade

    Few Americans stay in one place for a lifetime. We ______ from the city to the suburbs，from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job ______, from the home where we ______ our children to the home where we plan to live in ______. With each move we are ______ making new friends, who become part of our new life.

For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new ______. Today, millions of Americans go on vocation ______, and they go not only to see new sights but also — in those places where they do not feel too ______ — with the hope of meeting new people. No one really ______ a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible. Surely in every country people ______ friendship？

The word “friend” to American people can be ______ to a wide range of relationships — to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business companion, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a ______ colleague. There are real ______ among these relations for Americans — a friendship may be ______, casual, situational or deep and lasting. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.

As Europeans see it, all kinds of “friends” flow ______ of Americans' homes with little ceremony. They may be parents of the children's friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. ______ as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no ______ differences. The atmosphere is ______. Most people, old and young, are called ______ first names. Americans’ characteristic openness to different styles of relationship makes it possible for us to find new friends abroad with whom we feel ______.

1.A. drive B. commute C. move D. settle

2.A. abroad B. elsewhere C. somewhere D. nowhere

3.A. deliver B. protect C. educate D. raise

4.A. retirement B. death C. illness D. sadness

5.A. mostly B. mainly C. rarely D. forever

6.A. championships B. friendships C. hardships D. leaderships

7.A. along B. freely C. together D. abroad

8.A. alone B. strange C. scared D. remote

9.A. allows B. desires C. expects D. imagines

10.A. form B. develop C. ignore D. value

11.A. used B. applied C. stuck D. dedicated

12.A. kind B. generous C. trusted D. helpful

13.A. differences B. varieties C. distinctions D. diversities

14.A. informal B. reliable C. shallow D. fragile

15.A. in and out B. on and on C. by and by D. up and down

16.A. Moving B. Flowing C. Going D. Coming

17.A. obvious B. heavy C. apparent D. strong

18.A. weird B. stressed C. relaxed D. strange

19.A. with B. on C. for D. by

20.A. at best B. at home C. at heart D. at hand

—— Can I really get a Huawei Cell Phone as a reward if I win the race?

—— Absolutely! ______.

A. I mean it B. So will you C. I beg to differ D. You’ve got me there

It’s a pity that we can’t arrange for our agenda; otherwise we ______ far more freedom during the whole journey.

A. enjoyed B. would enjoy C. had enjoyed D. would have enjoyed

—— We shall take the condition _____you’ve attached to this project into careful consideration.

—— Thanks a lot.

A. where B. when C. which D. what

—— Have they made the final decision?

—— Yes, but it’s ________ likely that they will change their mind again tomorrow.

A. rather than B. other than C. less than D. or rather

To tell the truth, I would rather I ________ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.

A. took B. had taken

C. have taken D. should have taken

Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards again this year, and his performances always ________ the expectations of most audience.

A. sign up for B. drop out of

C. be bent on D. live up to

She ________ to clean out the spare room last week, but it was much too occupied at that time.

A. had intended B. was intended C. intended D. was intending

The new mayor, who adored ________ to the volleyball match, didn’t approve ________ the new building plans at the meeting.

A. to go; of discussing B. to go; discussing

C. going; of discussing D. going; to discuss

Due to the super typhoon Haiyan, all the flights were delayed or cancelled, so the conference had to be ________.

A. put up B. put through C. put off D. put down

________ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

A. Were it not B. Had it not been C. Be it not D. Should it not be