听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How many questions are there in the test?

A. Eight. B. Nine. C. Ten.

2.How does the woman sound?

A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Satisfied.

What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and student.

What’s wrong with the coat?

A. It’s a different brand. B. It’s a different color. C. It’s a wrong size.

How does the man find his life in the countryside?

A. Fun but inconvenient. B. Fine but tiring. C. Interesting but hard.

What time will the movie begin?

A. At 8:10. B. At 8:15. C. At 8:20.

Who gave the woman a new car?

A. Her sister. B. Her father. C. Her grandfather.

假定你是李华，你的朋友Tony刚刚升入高三，因为寒假时间短，没有休息好，所以现在状态很差。面临高考压力，Tony不知所措。请你给他写一封信表示安慰，要点如下：

1. 表示难过和理解；

2. 就如何调整状态提出建议。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（ \ ）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

A chemical factory lies near my home. The manager of the factory was criticized by the government because the factory gives out lots of harmful smoke on every day, but he paid no attention. Then the factory was forced to stop production and the manager said angry, “Is there any evidences to show that we did harm to people’s health? In fact, we didn’t.” Just then, doctor came, with the result of the medical exam, say the manager was suffering from lung cancer. That is very clear that the pollution has harmed not only the people around the factory and also the manager himself. The manager regretted having caused so many pollution. Now he has realized what important it is to keep the air clean.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It 1.debate) for years: Are eggs good or bad for you? People who eat an added three or four eggs a week or 300 milligrams of dietary cholesterol (胆固醇) per day, have a higher risk of both heart disease and early death compared with those who eat 2. (few) eggs, new research finds.

“Eggs, 3. (special) the yolk, are a major source of dietary cholesterol,” wrote Victor Zhong. In 4. study published Friday in the medical journal JAMA 5. there are many unexpected reports, he and his colleagues noted that a single large egg contains about 186 milligrams of cholesterol. Over the follow-up period, a total of 5400 cardiovascular (心血管的) 6. (event)  occurred, including 1302 fatal and nonfatal strokes, 1, 897 incidents of fatal and nonfatal heart 7. (fail)  and 113 other heart disease deaths. An additional 6132 participants died of other causes. 8. (consume) an additional 300 milligrams of dietary cholesterol per day was associated 9. a 3.2% higher risk of heart disease and a 4.4% higher risk of early death, Zhong’s analysis of the data showed.

“Eggs are a nutritious food. While this study focuses on the amount we’re eating, it’s just as important 10. (pay) attention to how the eggs are cooked and to the trimmings that come with them,” said Taylor, who was not involved in the research.

    I understood Chinese cultures only seen on TV and in books but only made little headway learning Chinese. _______ , it did not matter. The patience, generosity and _______ of strangers left me pleasantly surprised with Beijing.

I _______ needed Chinese On my birthday, for example, I was _______ in the city. Everyone I knew was out of town, so I decided to _______ a day of it myself. I went shopping. After three happy hours, I went confidently up to the _______and for a minute, I _______ everyone spoke English.

But after _______ my items, the woman behind the counter spoke in Chinese, and all I could do was stare  _______.I thought she was asking cash or card, so I pulled out some notes, but she ________ her head. We stood there for a few minutes ________ another cashier said, “A couple of your ________ are part of the sale and cannot be exchanged or ________ once bought.”

Another day, I went to the police station as I had lost my wallet in a ________ land During that 20-minute talk, I realized the eagerness and ________ of people.

Speaking in a mix of Chinese and English, the young police officer did all he could to put me ________. He knew that as foreigners we were nervous at the police station, so he smiled and spoke. In the end, the ________ took a couple of hours and the wallet did not ________ anymore. I had made a friend.

There are many ________ and unforgettable memories of getting by without ________ , but perhaps without the friends help, Beijing may not have been so easy to navigate.

1.A. Lastly B. However C. Instead D. Thus

2.A. sacrifice B. efforts C. warmth D. promise

3.A. rarely B. basically C. completely D. totally

4.A. still B. even C. only D. alone

5.A. make B. need C. do D. plan

6.A. exit B. store C. counter D. hall

7.A. realized B. recognized C. guaranteed D. assumed

8.A. ringing up B. showing up C. assessing D. examining

9.A. poorly B. helplessly C. quickly D. patiently

10.A. waved B. nodded C. shook D. hung

11.A. until B. as C. after D. for

12.A. expenses B. purchases C. supplies D. parcels

13.A. accepted B. canceled C. returned D. broken

14.A. foreign B. same C. different D. new

15.A. happiness B. wisdom C. excitement D. kindness

16.A. for sure B. at ease C. in order D. in place

17.A. incident B. procedure C. question D. survey

18.A. matter B. stay C. change D. return

19.A. interesting B. amusing C. pleasant D. admiring

20.A. cell phone B. police officers C. Chinese D. cashiers

How You Open Your Car Door Matters to Cyclists

The “Dutch Reach” isn’t a new dance move or a random You Tube challenge. 1. And you might keep your car door safe in the process, too. All you have to do is change how you open your door.

Typically, a person sitting in the driver’s seat of a car opens the door with the hand closest to it. It makes sense since doors are designed to be opened that way. Pull the handle and the door is open. But if you happen to do that at the wrong time, you may unknowingly create an obstacle for a passing cyclist. The cyclist might be knocked down off the bike. 2. Clearly, the solution is for the person exiting the vehicle to check for traffic. However, the car door design and long-time habits have made the process automatically. 3. Open your car door with your other hand using the Dutch Reach. So instead of using your left hand, reach for the door handle with your right. This will force you to turn your body. At the very least, you’ll look into your side view mirror to check for any traffic.

4. All Dutch are taught it. It’s part of regular driver education. The technique dates back about 50 or 60 years in the Netherlands. In 2016 an American named Michael Charney started the Dutch Reach Project. He wanted to popularize the practice in the United States. Charney’s efforts may be paying off. 5.

A. The car door is likely to be damaged by the fast-moving bicycle.

B. The Dutch are used to opening their car doors this way.

C. Several states now include the Dutch Reach in their drivers’ handbooks.

D. It’s a simple move that can help prevent harm to cyclists.

E. People are trying to change the way to open the car.

F. It is easy to do once you are used to it.

G. Luckily, there’s a simple way to solve the problem.

    “Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look--and hence feel--happier encouraging you to like what you see.

That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.

The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around- is a well-established idea.

The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with-software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.

Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited(招募)21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was completed, the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.

Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.

“The system could be used to manipulate consumers’ impressions of products,” say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.

“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.

Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”

1.What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?

A. To see whether one’ s facial expressions can be altered.

B. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.

C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.

D. To see whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected.

2.What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?

A. It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task.

B. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.

C. It gave the volunteers a false image.

D. It beautified the volunteers appearance in the mirror.

3.What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology

A. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.

B. It only works in clothing stores.

C. It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions.

D. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.

4.What does Creeds comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?

A. People should make their decisions independently.

B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.

C. Nothing is more important than happiness.

D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.

    Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(不满,不平). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment(愤恨)in a female capuchin.

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation(愤慨), it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.

A. making a comparison B. justifying an assumption

C. making a conclusion D. explaining a phenomenon

2.The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph I) implies that ________.

A. resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature

B. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals

C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other

D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions

3.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.

A. prefer grapes to cucumbers

B. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated

C. can be taught to exchange things

D. are unhappy when separated from others

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

B. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

    The world famous Boston Symphony Orchestra normally performs at Symphony Hall in Boston, Massachusetts. But its summer home is the Tanglewood Music Center in western Massachusetts.

The Boston Symphony Orchestra also has a summer program at Tanglewood. It is designed for young singers, musicians and those who create musical works. Great composers like Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein and John Adams have worked There.

Serge Koussevitzky led the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1940. At the time Europe was at war. The United States did not enter World War I until the end of 1941. Mr. Koussevitzky persuaded people in the music industry to open a music school at Tanglewood, the BSO’s summer home. He wanted young, gifted musicians toattend the school for free.

But within two years, the program almost came to an end. “The BSO trustees(托管人) wanted to close the school because of the war and Koussevitzky was angry, and wrote a letter calling it an ‘act of artistic vandalism(损坏)’. And he said, ‘Now is the time when the world needs to be hearing this music’,” says Jeremy Eichler, a music critic for The Boston Globe newspaper. “This music” was not Just works by Beethoven or Brahms. It was the sounds of the time.

Mr. Koussevitzky chose composer Aaron Copland to head the school. “In establishing Aaron Copland as the head of the school not as the head of composition, he was making a very specific statement…And I think he felt very strongly that paying attention to the music of one’s own time is the way to ensure that there will be a future,” says Jeremy Eichler.

Paul Hindemith was a refugee (难民) from the war in Europe. He was chosen as the first head of Tanglewood’s music composition department. He and Copland decided that the school would be a place where composers write new musical works.

Their first performance was Alleluia, a piece written by American composer Randall Thompson. Alleluia has opened the school’s program every summer since it was first performed. Since it opened, Tanglewood’s young musicians, singers and conductors have performed many new compositions. They include the first American performance of Benjamin Britten’s opera Peter Grimes. This year, for its 75th anniversary, the center asks composers to write 34 new pieces of music.

1.What happened to the Tanglewood Music Center?

A. Aaron Copland once worked as the head of the school.

B. Many young, gifted musicians attended the school in 1941.

C. It was closed in 1943 because of the World War II.

D. It was created by Serge Koussevitzky in 1940.

2.Which of the following is in agreement with Serge Koussevitzky’s opinions?

A. The great music should be the reflection of the time.

B. The young should have the chance to learn music for free.

C. The head of a music school should be a composer.

D. The traditional music should not be emphasized.

3.It can be referred that the Tanglewood Music Center attaches importance to         .

A. performing new works every year

B. the compositions of famous musicians

C. working with famous composers

D. the young talented musicians creation.

4.What’s the passage mainly about?

A. The great changes taking place in the Tanglewood Music Center.

B. A brief introduction to the Tanglewood Music Center.

C. The development of the Tanglewood Music Center.

D. The events that make the Tanglewood Music Center famous.

    Restaurants play a major part in defining the characteristics of a city. They reveal the diversity of the place, the pace of the nightlife and the financial health. Beijing, a metropolis that is home to 20 million people, has tens of thousands of restaurants. Here are some special restaurants in Beijing.

●    Diaoyutai State Guest Restaurant

Traditionally, Diaoyutai State Guest Restaurant only served visiting dignitaries（达官贵人）. But since1980, it has opened to the public. It offers not only Chinese cuisine at its best but also secluded dining experience in an otherwise buzzing（嘈杂的）metropolis.

Location: No. 2 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Cost: $222.01 per person

●    Heritage in Wanda Plaza

Heritage offers French cuisine, which is famous for its rich taste and subtle nuances.

Location: Wanda Plaza, No 93 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Cost:$ 125:49 per person

●    Kyoto Kaden Minokichi Kaiseki-Ryori in Pangu Hotel

As the only 7 star hotel in Beijing, Kyoto Kaden Minokichi Kaiseki-Ryori is undoubtedly the most expensive restaurant in the city. Kaiseki is a traditional multicourse Japanese diner. Kaiseki only uses seasonal ingredients and is prepared by master Japanese chef to reflect change of season.

Location: Pangu 7 Star Hotel, Beijing 27 Central North 4th Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing

Cost: $1159. 29 per person

●    China Grill

People come for food but stay for the view. Situated on the top floor of a landmark building in the heart of CBD, China Grill offers an unparalleled view of Beijing landscape.

Location: 66/F Park Hyatt, 2 Jianguomen Wai, CBD, Beijing

Cost: $ 130. 79 per person

1.What does the underlined word “secluded” mean in the second paragraph?

A. Fashionable. B. Peaceful.

C. Popular. D. Crowded.

2.What can we learn about Kyoto Kaden Minokichi Kaiseki-Ryori?

A. It only served visiting dignitaries when first opened.

B. Its food is prepared by master Chinese chef.

C. It is located in Haidian District in Beijing.

D. It is the most expensive restaurant in Beijing.

3.What is special about China Grill among the restaurants mentioned above

A. It is the only one that serves Chinese food.

B. It is the cheapest one of the four.

C. You can enjoy the view of Beijing when dining there.

D. It is famous for its rich taste.

假定你是李华，你的朋友Peter想了解你校于五月举办的中国传统文化艺术节。请你给Peter写封回信，内容包括:

1. 举办艺术节的目的；

2. 介绍你最喜欢的一个艺术节活动；

3. 邀请Peter参加并告之艺术节活动的时间。

注意:

1. 词数 100 左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last year, Zhang Pingyu paid visit to London. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the site she wanted to see. It was the Tower which she visited first. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had been remained standing for one thousand years. Many new buildings had expanded around it. Therefore, it was still part of a royal palace and prison combined. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendidly when first built. Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. Then just as he came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock Big Ben, ring out the hour.

The next day Pingyu was leaving London to Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen？” she wondered as she fall asleep.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Letters as a way of communication have long given way to phone calls and WeChat messages. But a TV show, Letters Alive, is helping bring this old way to keep in touch back 1. the present.

Letters Alive took 2.(it) idea from a UK program, Letters Live, released in 2013. Both 3. (show) feature famous actors and actresses, but there 4.(be) no eye－catching visual effects or any regular showbiz(娱乐圈) activities. Instead, it’s just a live event 5. remarkable letters selected from a wide time span and a diverse range of subjects are read. There is, for example, a passionate letter from Huang Yongyu to playwright Cao Yu 30 years ago to criticize his lack of 6.(create).

Every letter is like a small piece of history. By hearing them 7. (read), it’s as if we are being sent back in time to experience a moment that we would otherwise never have had the chance to.

Compared to 8. (publish) texts, letters also 9.(natural) come with a personal touch. As well as celebrating the pain, joy, wisdom and humor, Letters Alive  10. (commit) to promoting Chinese literature since first run.

    Our teachers tried teaching us about death during nursing training. As a student nurse, I knew I would see death in my ______. I had no idea of the ______ it would have on me, ______.

The first person I saw die was an elderly man, John, who had been ______ for weeks. His heart was ______ and the health－care team was keeping him comfortable and ______ his symptoms. He had stopped speaking days before but was still awake at times, and his ______ when we spoke to him was beautiful.

When I came on to the ______ one morning, the night staff said he had deteriorated (恶化) overnight and had ______ left to leave. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, shaved him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours I ______ his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief but he seemed ______ most of the time. He only ______ opened his eyes to smile at me. Early in the afternoon the nurse came back in and we washed his face and ______ his hair. As she was just about to leave the room, she stroked his hair and said:“Oh John, just ______.” Minutes later, he did.

It has been 20 years since John’s death. I have seen ______ deaths in my time nursing. I have seen staff go far beyond the ______ of their jobs to ______ that a patient has as good a death as possible. I remember some of the other faces, but none is quite as ______ as John’s. He, and the professionals who were ______ him, taught me that it ______ how we treat those who are dying.

1.A. life B. career C. mind D. family

2.A. impact B. difference C. reflection D. affection

3.A. instead B. regardless C. therefore D. however

4.A. insisting B. challenging C. struggling D. recovering

5.A. striking B. failing C. beating D. aging

6.A. comforting B. decreasing C. disappearing D. relieving

7.A. face B. eyes C. smile D. expression

8.A. ward B. classroom C. hospital D. department

9.A. days B. hours C. minutes D. seconds

10.A. held B. reached C. hugged D. touched

11.A. silent B. painful C. peaceful D. anxious

12.A. frequently B. occasionally C. hardly D. easily

13.A. combed B. tied C. washed D. smelt

14.A. come on B. pass away C. let go D. go away

15.A. priceless B. constant C. considerate D. countless

16.A. qualifications B. ability C. expectations D. exception

17.A. pretend B. assume C. believe D. ensure

18.A. beautiful B. vivid C. pale D. scary

19.A. caring for B. looking for C. bringing up D. cheering up

20.A. trains B. works C. influences D. matters

    We are surrounded by messages trying to get our attention. Advertisers, politicians and other groups all try to get us to agree with them. 1. Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic. Its very similar to advertising, whose goal is to get people to buy something, while propaganda is to change what people believe.

Propaganda Techniques

To create propaganda, a common technique is name-calling. A politician might call someone a traitor or liar, which makes the other person look bad. Another is the trend technique. People want to be on the side in the favor. 2.， Some propaganda is based on fear. It scares people into choosing a certain side or taking action, which might not be bad.   Anti—smoking campaigns are one example. They may scare people into thinking that if they smoke, they will get cancer.

3.

Propaganda is used by many groups, such as businesses, politicians and the government .It is spread through posters, television and radio. The Internet makes it easy to send messages to the whole world.

Types of Propaganda

Political propaganda has been around as long as there have been politicians 4.People have used it for many years. War propaganda began during World War I, more than 100 years ago.

To see if propaganda is saying the truth, people need to do extra work. For example, ads might always sound like they're true. But before you believe them, try to think about who created and paid for them. Find out why they did it. 5.

A.Propaganda Targets

B.Propaganda Mediums

C.Another word for this is propaganda

D. So most people will agree with those politicians

E.Then, you can decide if they're being honest or not

F.However, religious propaganda was actually the first official one

G.People might join someone who claims to be popular or winning

    Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard，maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm",often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or. excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say..

A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.

As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum（真 空）coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour（水蒸汽）in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.

This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out（被挤出）at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.

Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm,让 might be really windy!

1.Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?

A. A thunderstorm with a single shape.

B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.

C. A storm with air drawn from every directi on.

D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Cold and dry air. B. Warm and dry air.

C. Cold and damp air. D. Warm and damp air.

3.Which does the writer most likely agree to?

A. Presence of the calm relies on stable air.

B. Not all thunderstorms start with the calm.

C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.

D. Storm happens without air moving up and down.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Causes and effects of a heavy storm.

B. A brief description of a peaceful storm.

C. A personal experience of a heavy storm.

D. An explanation of the calm before a storm.

    The hemlock(铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek, New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.

The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The trouble－making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.

Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets.  How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don’t want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try and prevent this problem. However, Lovett is not hopeful it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug－killing pesticide. “I believe in the system，” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.

Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U.S. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says: “Inspectors can’t possibly check everything. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco－composite wood. Eco－composite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more. They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive pests cost the U.S. $5 billion a year. Trees don’t just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced. That costs money, too.

1.All the statements are TRUE except that ________.

A. pesticide has been applied to bug－killing

B. invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek

C. invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping

D. the companies making pallets don’t want more rules

2.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes.

B. Bugs ruin the shipping goods slowly.

C. Bugs won’t bother the tree if just in few numbers.

D. Bugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection.

3.Why does Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?

A. Because insects mostly die in them.

B. Because plastic pallets are eco－friendly.

C. Because they are not worth extra money.

D. Because they are the major pest carriers.

4.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Invasive pests are harming plants in the USA.

B. Effective measures have stopped the pest invasion.

C. Congress contributes a lot to dealing with invasive pests.

D. Ecosystem in the USA is poorly damaged by invasive woods.

    While staring out of the window during a flight, not everyone will think carefully about the question why airplanes have rounded windows rather than square ones.

Over the years, aerospace engineering has made huge steps in airplane technology, meaning planes can carry more passengers and go faster. The planes have also changed shape to increase safety—including the windows. As commercial air travel took off in the mid－20th century, airline companies began to fly at higher altitudes to lower their cost—the air density(密度) is lower up there, creating less drag(阻力) for airplanes. However, higher altitudes came with problems, like the fact human beings can’t really survive at 30，000 feet. To make that possible, the cabin was changed to a cylindrical(圆柱体) shape to support the pressure inside. But at first, plane builders left in the standard square windows and this expansion meant disaster. The de__Havilland__Comet came into fashion in the 1950s. With a closed cabin, it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.

However, where there’s a corner, there’s a weak spot. Windows, having four corners, have four potential weak spots, making them likely to crash under stress—such as air pressure. By curving the window, the stress that would eventually break the window corner is distributed and the chance of it breaking is reduced. Rounded shapes are also stronger and resist deformation(变形), and can thus survive the extreme differences in pressure between the inside and outside of the aircraft.

Fortunately, designers figured out the lack of design pretty quick. Now we have nice, rounded airplane windows that can resist the pressure of traveling altitude. It gives being able to gaze out of your window to the world from 35，000 feet a whole new outlook, doesn’t it?

1.Why did airlines aim to fly at higher altitudes?

A. To save money for less drag.

B. To help the plane to take off.

C. To increase safety of the plane.

D. To carry more passengers and go faster.

2.What does the underlined words “de Havilland Comet” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. An aircraft. B. A band. C. A planet. D. A design.

3.Which is the advantage of the rounded window?

A. It increases the air pressure.

B. It weakens the strength of air pressure.

C. It reduces the possibility of breaking up.

D. It helps to survive the extreme weather.

4.Where does this text come from?

A. A newspaper on safe driving. B. A science book on flying.

C. A website on survival skills. D. A magazine on fashion design.

WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO?

Is it amazing that the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO makes it fun for young children to save? With the help of Standard Bank’s Kidz APP and the Big Five animal friends, teaching your children about managing their cash has never been more fun. Let the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO show your little ones what it means to earn and save money as well as share in the enjoyment of spending their well－earned cash.

Elephant

As your children use the mobile app to complete various actions—achieving savings goals, completing missions and achieving wishes—here various medals will be rewarded.

Earned medals are displayed in the elephant habitat as well as locked medals still to be achieved.

Leopard

Reward your kids with pocket money for completing ‘missions’: household chores, achievements, etc.

You can create a mission for your child, or your child can request a new mission. Once created, it must be accepted. The mission needs to be completed by your child and approved by you before you can pay him or her.

Lion

Help your children create and fulfil wishes. Wish cards and their savings progress can be tracked from your banking app.

Once their savings goal is reached, lion will inform you of their achievement.

Buffalo

Kidz can request to withdraw cash or purchase airtime and data using their savings.

Rhino

Rhino shows your child’s latest account balance and transactions.

Download the Standard Bank’s Kidz APP from Apple App Store on the phone. Use the comment section to interact with other Standard Bank customers and bank consultants.

1.What is the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO designed for?

A. Players of board games. B. Travelers in the zoo.

C. Parents for online banking. D. Kids for self－service banking.

2.Rewards will be paid if ________.

A. you keep the account balanced

B. your kids get enough locked medals

C. the kids fulfil your created missions

D. you approve the request via Kidz APP

3.Which of the following animals is related to spending?

A. Rhino. B. Buffalo. C. Lion. D. Leopard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.Where did the shark attacks occur recently?

A. In North Carolina. B. In California. C. In Florida.

2.Who is Graham Schwartz?

A. A writer for a magazine.

B. A researcher from a museum.

C. A shark expert from a university.

3.What can people do to avoid being attacked?

A. Only swim where the water is warm.

B. Make their presence known in the water.

C. Avoid wearing certain types of bathing suits.

4.What did the Department of Parks and Recreation do?

A. They closed down the beaches.

B. They conducted a study on shark attacks.

C. They forced boats and fishermen to stop all activities.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How does the woman know about eye problems?

A. From an article. B. From a friend. C. From a TV program.

2.How often do people blink while staring at the computer screen?

A. 7 times per minute. B. 22 times per minute. C. 27 times per minute.

3.What does the woman think the man should do?

A. Avoid using computers. B. Take a break and rest. C. Close eyes often.

4.What are the speakers going to do next?

A. Keep on reading. B. Have some tea. C. Go to a drug store.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How was the man behaving at first?

A. Coolly. B. Politely. C. Awkwardly.

2.Why did the man ask Susan for her name at first?

A. He didn’t know who she was.

B. He didn’t know what else to say.

C. He didn’t realize he knew her already.

3.What type of music is playing at the dance?

A. Rock and roll. B. Blues. C. Pop.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where does the man work?

A. On a plane. B. In a hospital. C. In a restaurant.

2.What does the man say about his work?

A. Disappointing. B. Well－paid. C. Tiring.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the phone mean to the woman?

A. She never forgets it anywhere.

B. It’s extremely important to her.

C. She enjoys the service.

2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Waiter and customer.

What’s the good news?

A. The man got a better position.

B. The man is going to be a father.

C. The man is going to get married.