A Diet Without Enough Protein Can Cause Depression

Depression is a condition so common, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls it “a leading cause of disability.”

Difficulty in falling asleep, loss of appetite, and loss of ability to concentrate are just a few of the other effects of depression. WHO estimates that worldwide, at any one time, 350 million people suffer from the condition. While life events such as the loss of a spouse or a job may create a happening of depression, many cases come from within and are not caused by a life event.

Now scientists are working on a new aspect of cure: nutrition. 1. The Indian Journal of Psychiartry reports that both before and during a happening of depression, those with the condition will show a “poor appetite…” 2. Many cases of depression, if not most cases, affect those who don’t eat properly.

So what does protein have to do with all this? It all comes down to amino acids (氨基酸). Proteins are made up of amino acids, chemicals known as the “building blocks of life.” There are 20 different amino acids. 3.

Both the human brain and nervous system use amino acids as a substance that creates a signal from one brain cell to another or one nerve cell to another, thus relaying information between the cells. What the final result then? 4.

Since amino acids make up protein, a diet which lacks in protein will cause weaker communication between the brain cells. This lessens the signal being sent from one brain cell to the next during a thought. 5. This is why depression can often express itself as anger or aggression.

A. The ultimate effect is how we think.

B. Don't ruin your appetite by eating between meals.

C. Skipping meals itself can create a depressed mood.

D. A new research suggests that nutrition can lessen some of the risks of depression.

E. India is perhaps the world’s leader in researching the connection between diet and depression.

F. Many of them are made by the human body, but nine others, the “essential” amino acids, must be eaten in one’s diet.

G. The process can lead to twisted signals, which can not only lead to depression, but also, according to many scientists, aggression.

The Secret to Happiness

A new report makes it clear that when it comes to the life satisfaction of UK citizens, the ball is in the government’s court. For some time, sensible people have been arguing that governments need to focus less on economic growth and more on the wellbeing（幸福）of citizens. Be careful what you wish for.

In response to this demand, from 2011 David Cameron instructed the Office for National Statistics to gather data on people’s self-reported happiness and life satisfaction. Little practical good has come from this so far, but a new report by George Bangham for the Resolution Foundation is one of the best attempts to make useful sense of the data. He concludes: “The best prospects for policymakers targeting future increases in national wellbeing lie in raising job quality, raising incomes, particularly at the lower end, and policies to improve security in the housing market.”

The age correlation（相关）turns out to be certainly linked to politics, despite the fact that no political party can make a difference to your date of birth. The happiness of pensioners is not just a function of their age, but of policy. On average, 70-year-old boomers today are the most affluent retirees in history, often owning their own homes and in receipt of generous pensions. People of 70 are not going to be as content in 30 or 40 years’ time if they are unable to retire, don’t own their homes and have small incomes.

However, there is one respect in which teens and recent retirees are remarkably similar. Compared to other age groups, they tend to inhabit a sweet spot of having high degrees of freedom. The typical 16-year-old has new freedoms without ever having had any serious responsibilities. The typical 70-year-old, having experienced a lifetime of work and family duties, has a very different kind of freedom, one born from relief.

Besides，it should not surprise us to find that people tend to be happier when they have fewer worries. But this, too, has important political implications. If the government is really interested in raising overall national happiness, it has to make sure as many citizens as possible feel secure in their health, their housing and their incomes. Different states’ records in achieving this is one important reason why Nordic countries repeatedly score highly in international life satisfaction surveys and North America underperforms relative to its GDP.

Whichever way you look at it, there is no escaping the conclusion that increasing wellbeing across society requires joined-up, long-term policy efforts. This is exactly what the Resolution Foundation recommends.

1.What can be conveyed from the sentence “the ball is in the government’s court” in Paragraph 1?

A. The government officials are fond of playing ball games.

B. The government determines national happiness.

C. The government makes citizens feel happy.

D. The government is in a ball game.

2.What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Responsible. B. Careful.

C. Honest. D. Rich.

3.According to the author, the secret to happiness is freedom and _________.

A. income B. health

C. security D. destiny

4.What is the author’s attitude to the function of government on national happiness?

A. Negative. B. Positive.

C. Doubtful. D. Unsatisfactory.

Learning New Vocabulary during Deep Sleep

Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could be used more productively, e.g. for learning a new language? Up-to-now sleep research focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is enough evidence for wake-learned information undergoing a revision by replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory and leaves the newly acquired information in the pre-existing store of knowledge.

If re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play, i.e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep.

The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic（语义的）associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states.” It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up-state” and the inactive state “Down-state”. The two states alternate（交替）about every half-second.

New evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep that we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. "It’s false that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep," says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. "In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied for the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years," says Katharina Henke.

The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology and psychology are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms（原理）involved in sleep and consciousness.

1.Which of the followings haven’t sleep researchers achieved so far?

A. People can learn vocabulary during deep sleep.

B. Memories can be stable and strong during sleep.

C. Wake-learned information can appear in the sleeping brain.

D. Re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information.

2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A. “Up-state” and “Down-state” appear in turn during deep sleep.

B. “Up-states” is another name for the brain cells’ active states.

C. Semantic associations are important for language learning.

D. The brain cells’ active states are central for sleep-learning.

3.What will researchers do within several years according to the passage?

A. Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.

B. Separate us from the physical environment.

C. Apply deep sleep for information learning.

D. Discover the concept of sleep.

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.

B. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.

C. To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.

D. To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.

    Losing a wallet is one of those careless acts most of us have come across, at some point or the other in our lives. While most of us tend to move on after mourning over the lost necessities, there are a few lucky ones who get them back, with the help of the police or the generosity of the person who finds it.

And then there is Hunter Shamatt, who not only got back his wallet but with some added happiness that was tagged along!

Hunter was on his way to attend his sister’s wedding on a Las Vegas-bound flight when he realized that he has misplaced his wallet, sometime during the journey. Hunter’s family reached out to the Frontier flight to enquire if someone had handed it over to them. Unfortunately, there was no sign of the missing wallet.

But wait. The story was far from over. Just a week after Hunter’s sister’s wedding, he received a package in his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet! Surprisingly, the wallet was not the only thing that was inside the package. It also had a handwritten note for Hunter which turned out to be a bonus! The piece of paper read,

“Hunter, Found this on a Frontier flight from Omaha to Denver — row 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall. Thought you might want it back. All the best.

P.S. I rounded your cash up to an even $100, so you could celebrate getting your wallet back. HAVE FUN!!!”

Moved by the touching gesture, Hunter’s mom, Jeannie Shamatt, decided to write a post on Facebook giving a detailed description of the incident. She also urged everyone to share the post as she would like to meet and greet the person behind the act of kindness, personally.

Now, thanks to the astonishing power of social media, the post finally reached the man behind the note. The man was identified as Todd Brown and it was one of his co-workers who made sure Jeannie Shamatt’s post reaches his colleague. Jeannie turned to Facebook again to thank Brown and his family for restoring her faith in humanity.

“I try to teach my children to do the right things in life, help people when you can regardless of the outcome. This story is more about restoring faith in people than anything. We hear a lot of bad news but not enough good news. I personally want to thank Todd Brown and his wife for restoring faith that there are amazing people out there.”

1.How did Hunter Shamatt get his wallet back?

A. Todd Brown sent it back.

B. The police mailed it back.

C. He found the wallet by himself.

D. The Frontier flight helped him get it back.

2.What things were found in the package?

A. A wallet and a tag. B. A wallet and a note.

C. A note and a tag. D. A mail and a tag.

3.How did Hunter’s mom feel after receiving the package?

A. Touched. B. Uninterested.

C. Satisfied. D. Confused.

4.What does the author intend to convey?

A. Friendship. B. Freedom.

C. Kindness. D. Justice.

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1.Which magazine will you subscribe if you want to send a gift to a 5-year-old girl?

A. Taste of Home. B. Popular Science.

C. Disney Princess. D. National Geographic Kids.

2.What is SPECIAL about National Geographic Kids?

A. It combines fun with learning.

B. There are articles about scientific discoveries.

C. Kids can learn science, technology, and the animal kingdom.

D. It is a publication about what is popular in the world of science.

3.Where can you find the passage?

A. A newspaper. B. A guidebook.

C. A magazine. D. A website.

Geraniums of Love

As the fifth of seven children, I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews（亲子交流会）with the same teachers. The only thing different was the child. And every child _______ an old

Geraniums school tradition—the annual plant sale（拍卖会）held in early May, just in time for _______ Day.

Third grade was the first time that I was allowed to take part in the plant sale. I wanted to surprise my mother. _______, I didn't have any money. I went to my eldest sister and _______ the secret, and she gave me some money. When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully made my _______. I agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision, _______ each plant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium. The moment I had smuggled it home, with the help of my sister, I _______ it on the upstairs neighbor’s porch. I was very afraid my mother would find it before Mother's Day, but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and _______ she did not.

When Mother's Day arrived, I was bursting with pride when I gave her that geranium. I remember how bright her eyes were, and how delighted she was with my _______.

The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that there was going to be a plant sale at school and she wanted to __________ our mother. Like my __________ sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived at home full of __________ excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag __________ her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the __________ one!”

I helped my little __________ hide that geranium on the upstairs neighbor's porch, assuring that our mother wouldn't find it before Mother's Day. I was there when she gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and __________. It was like being in a dream I had already dreamed. My mother noticed me __________, and she gave me a soft secret smile. Shocked and puzzled, I __________ back. I had been wondering how my mother could __________ to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child. But as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was __________  with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.

1.A. passed down B. participated in C. broke with D. carried on

2.A. Women’s B. Father’s C. Children’s D. Mother's

3.A. Besides B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore

4.A. shared B. discovered C. guarded D. unlocked

5.A. plan B. preparation C. present D. selection

6.A. watering B. growing C. inspecting D. protecting

7.A. showed B. potted C. packaged D. hid

8.A. indeed B. instead C. properly D. anyhow

9.A. performance B. grades C. gift D. presence

10.A. inspire B. surprise C. satisfy D. relax

11.A. youngest B. eldest C. cleverest D. bravest

12.A. nervous B. youthful C. increasing D. false

13.A. on B. beside C. behind D. under

14.A. shortest B. rarest C. best D. strongest

15.A. sister B. brother C. cousin D. friend

16.A. confusion B. anxiety C. delight D. astonishment

17.A. listening B. watching C. smelling D. tasting

18.A. waved B. smiled C. signed D. called

19.A. pretend B. continue C. appear D. try

20.A. impressed B. satisfied C. associated D. presented

    25 people were killed and 50 injured on Wednesday in a train accident in Cairo, which surprised local people. According to the BBC, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli visited the scene and he said 1. cause was not yet known, but Egypt's police were conducting an investigation (进行调查) 2. (find) the reason of the accident. Egypt had one of the 3. (old) and largest rail networks, and crashes and other accidents were common.

    The beautiful canola (油菜) flowers in spring attracted a large number of visitors to Hanzhong, a city in the south of western Shaanxi province. The city’s 9th annual canola flower festival 1. (start) on March 13 and ended on May 1, 2018. There were more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields in Hanzhong, 2. created unique scenery. About 50 observation spots 3. (design) for the tourists throughout the city.

    My classmates and I had a really unforgettable experience，which made us very happy. We paid a visit 1. Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she 2.  (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and 3. (vegetable).  Finally we went to Ann’s room where we watched our favourite TV programme together. 4. (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable.

假定你是学生会主席李华，你校决定组织以“学好英语是否必要”为主题的英语辩论赛，请你以学生会的名义，根据下列要点，发布一则英文书面通知，号召大家积极参与。要点如下：

1. 活动目的；

2. 参赛要求及相关事项。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students’ Union

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I grow up, I’ll work with animals. Though I don’t know exactly how I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother. He is a excellent vet (兽医). He looks after frightened snakes. He says that snakes are easy to deal as they don’t have any legs. My father, a scientist, works to save rarely birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words. My mother train dolphins every workday. They practise in the pool. She hears the dolphins talk and sing. That sounds really cool! There are so many animal job to choose from, but which one is right for them? I’ll have to wait and see!

根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。

Every Thanksgiving my family and I, along with others, prepare and serve Thanksgiving meals for the people in our small mountain community. My husband and I also bring meals to the disabled.

This Thanksgiving we did 1. same. After delivering them to some individual apartments, we went to the 2. (centre) dining room. We put the boxes filled with Turkey, ham, mashed potatoes and some other foods on the tables. People invited 3. (we) to stay, and thanked us, 4. we had other deliveries and had to leave. As we started to go out, I turned around and saw them all 5. (watch) us. Then I asked, “Would anybody like a hug?” They lined up. There was so much 6. (warm) in each hug.

My eyes 7. (fill) with tears and my heart with love. Now I visit now and then 8. (chat) and, of course, hug. This year at my Thanksgiving delivery, when they line up 9. their hugs, I am going to have them turn around and hug each other. These people have no family at Thanksgiving-- what could be 10. (good) for them than hugs!

    Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it became a picnic.

With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very _______. "Can we go on a picnic, Mom?" my six-year-old daughter, Becky _______. "Please." I had said no so many times in _______ months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning chores could _______. To her _______, I agreed.

I prepared a few sandwiches and _______ a cooler with ice and drinks and called John _______.

My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some _______ time together as a family.

About the time I got the lunch _______ out on the table, John arrived on the ________. That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of ________. We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys ________ rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, ________ God for blessing me with such a wonderful family.

That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It ________ me what a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest ________ could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you ________. Even though kids have now grown up and ________ from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table.

Maybe today would be a good time to ________ potato salad, call all of my ________ kids, feed some hungry ducks and skipped a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a ________.

1.A. patient B. old C. occupied D. poor

2.A. begged B. doubted C. asked D. wondered

3.A. coming B. recent C. following D. late

4.A. last B. approach C. relax D. wait

5.A. disappointment B. sadness C. surprise D. embarrassment

6.A. supplied B. filled C. provide D. compared

7.A. at work B. off work C. on business D. at home

8.A. unhappy B. quantity C. quality D. unfortunate

9.A. cooked B. spread C. taken D. made

10.A. scene B. sight C. view D. scenery

11.A. communication B. expectation C. hope D. laughter

12.A. missed B. took C. skipped D. left

13.A. trusting B. thanking C. praising D. praying

14.A. refreshed B. questioned C. beat D. hit

15.A. lifestyle B. time C. world D. occupation

16.A. love B. enjoy C. own D. have

17.A. left alone B. left behind C. moved away D. ran away

18.A. watch B. appreciate C. plant D. cook

19.A. handsome B. young C. mature D. grown

20.A. picnic B. salad C. life D. purpose

Voluntourism --- New Trend in Travel

Volunteering to help people in need combined with travelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. 1. On the other side, they volunteer to help others who are not as well off as they are.

Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. 2. They work in orphanages (孤儿院), help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farm work in developing countries. Some of them establish lasting bonds with people far away.

3. Students see it as a gap year after school; others simply want to take some time off from a job and do something else. Then there are these who are bored and merely seek adventures. 4. They think it is a cheap way of travelling and don’t really want to get involved in hard work.

Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way. Critics (评论家) say that if people really want to help those in need there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. 5. Travel experts also point out that in some cases voluntourists are made use of by organizations that set up the trips.

A. voluntourism has been expanded into many countries.

B. There are many reasons why people engage in voluntourism.

C. However, many voluntourists do not see volunteering as what it is.

D. Besides, volunteers are often not skilled enough in the tasks that they do.

E. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries.

F. Standard development programs are often sponsored by international organizations.

G. People travel to other places, learn languages and other cultures and gain new experiences.

    Do women make BETTER astronauts? Russia locks an all-female crew in space simulator (太空模拟器) for eight days to find out. Six Russian women have been sent into a spaceship to begin a unique experiment testing how an all- female crew would relate to others on a trip to the Moon and back.

“It’s interesting for us to see what is special about the way a female crew communicates,” said Sergei Ponomaryov, the experiment’s leader. “it will be particularly interesting in terms of psychology,” said the institute’s director Igor Ushakov. “I’d like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together,” he added.

The volunteers include scientific researchers, a doctor and a psychologist. The test period simulates (模仿) a flight to the Moon and back, with the women carrying out 10 experiments covering psychology and human biology. Russia sent the first woman into space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963 but has fallen behind since. Last year, it sent its fourth female astronaut into space, Yelena Serova. Serava complained of a great deal of media interest in how she would wash her hair aboard the International Space Station, pointing out that male astronauts did not face the same line of questioning.

The women found themselves fielding questions at a press conference about how they would act without men or makeup for eight days, “We are very beautiful without makeup,” said participant Darya Komissarova. Her colleague Anna Kussmaul was more direct: “We are doing work. When you’re doing your work, you don’t think about men and women.” They plan to spend their 11/2 hours per day of free time watching films, reading and playing board games. Team leader Yelena Luchnitskaya said she expected the women to deal with any conflict.

1.In which column can you find this passage on a website?

A. Education. B. Entertainment.

C. Science. D. Economy.

2.What’s the purpose of the experiment?

A. To show that women can do better than men.

B. To test whether women can be good astronauts.

C. To gather information about the conditions in space.

D. To measure the distance from the earth to the moon.

3.What do we know from what Igor Ushakov said?

A. Women can not live peacefully in space at all.

B. There may be conflicts among the women astronauts.

C. The female crew will deal with each other in a new way.

D. Being in the same kitchen helps the women live together.

4.Which of the following was once sent into space?

A. Sergei Ponomarev. B. Darya Komissarova.

C. Anna Kussmaul. D. Valentina Tereshkova.

    The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was much different than it is today. Authors wrote plays for the masses, especially those who couldn’t read or write.

The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare’s lifetime. The authorities didn’t like it and didn’t allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church. Queen Elizabeth, on the other hand, loved acting and helped the theatre become popular.

The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was full of life. People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance. The audience could walk around, eat and drink during the play.

Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play. Colourful and well-designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character. Women never performed in plays, 80 young boys played female characters. The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night.

There was no stage crew as there is today. Actors had to do everything themselves-from making costumes to setting the stage. Plays were organized by acting companies. They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).

The companies in Shakespeare’s time had a rank system. The company belonged to shareholders and managers. They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful. Sometimes they even owned their own buildings. Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company. Apprentices (学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant role. They also played female characters in plays.

1.Why was the theatre banned by the authorities?

A. It was much different than before.

B. They thought it affected people negatively.

C. They thought it kept people going to church.

D. The queen didn’t like it.

2.What does the underlined word “arenas” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Stages. B. Stores.

C. Companies. D. Playgrounds.

3.What do we know about then actors?

A. They could drink during the play.

B. Women had to cross-dress male characters.

C. They had stage crew to help them.

D. They were too busy to practice.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To remember Shakespeare.

B. To show his love of Shakespeare’s plays.

C. To introduce theaters in Shakespeare’s time.

D. To discuss the company’s rank system.

    When Katie Stagliano was 9 years old, she was given a class project to grow her first cabbage from just one seed. She took it home and planted it in her home garden. It didn’t even take her long to come up and begin to grow. But as friends came over, they pointed out that it was bigger than any of theirs. And it grew so much that the cabbage ended up weighing 40 pounds! Katie then decided that she could use this cabbage to do something nice for the community. So she took the huge cabbage to a local soup kitchen, where they used it, and cooked it with ham and rice. And because of her cabbage, 275 people were fed.

She began to realize that gardening and helping people is what she likes to do most. So, she decided to start her first garden on a plot of land donated by her school.

“I think if more kids get to experience gardening they would find out how cool it is and how many people can be fed if you donate your produce,” said Katie. Now, just 9 years later, Katie is 18 years old, and has set up her own business called “Katie’s Krops” with the help of her family friends.

But this doesn’t even come close to the other amazing part. She has raised over 200,000 dollars! And there are over 100 Katie’s Krops within 33 states in the United States. She loves gardening and loves inspiring other children to experience the joy of gardening as well. As of today, her first garden is still doing amazing and is even responsible for supplying over 3,000 pounds of produce donated to local charities. Her goal now? To get 500 gardens across all 50 states.

1.How did Katie deal with her first cabbage?

A. sharing it with her community.

B. Presenting it to the school kitchen.

C. Eating it with her family.

D. Giving it to her friends.

2.What inspired Katie to help others by gardening?

A. The support from her school.

B. The gardening and sharing experience.

C. The encouragement of community.

D. The admiration of her friends.

3.Why does Katie suggest more children learn to garden?

A. She thinks gardening is cool.

B. She needs more people to help her.

C. She hopes to earn more money.

D. She wants them to experience the joy.

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. The brief introduction of Katie’s Krops.

B. The amazing benefits of gardening.

C. Katie's achievement and future aim.

D. The joy of gardening and donation.

Essentials of Nutrition --- Good nutrition VS malnutrition (营养不良)

Author: Joel Bressler

Price: $29. 99

Essentials of Nutrition touches important health topics such as: the positive and negative aspects of nutrition; the importance of exercise; the necessity of vitamins, minerals, and water. It also advises how doctors and educators will improve our health in the future.

Preserve the Best and Conserve the Rest---Memoirs (回忆录) of a US Forest Service Wildlife Biologist

Author: Hadley B. Roberts

Price: $19.99

Preserve the Best and Conserve the Rest covers US Forest Service wildlife biologist Hadley B. Roberts’ half-century career in wildlife and fish habitat conservation and preservation. It includes his accomplishment, motives and influences behind his actions.

Poodle (贵宾犬) Mistress ---The Autobiographical Story of Life with Nine Toy Poodle

Author: Sandi Latimer

Price: $22.99

Poodle Mistress is a story of unconditional love and devotion about nine dogs that changed author Sandi Latimer’ s life. Her memoir (回忆录) details a twenty-seven-year journey as she and her husband cared for and enjoyed the funny behaviors of their toy poodles.

A Professor and CEO True Story---A Fascinating Journey to Success

Author: Richard T. Cheng

Price: $13.95

In A Professor and CEO True Story, Richard T Cheng shares how he overcame great odds and transformed from a struggling immigrant to million-dollar CEO and esteemed professor. This is a powerful and inspiring story of success and survival.

1.Which book is about wildlife protection?

A. Preserve the Best and Conserve the Rest.

B. Essentials of Nutrition.

C. Poodle Mistress.

D. A Professor and CEO True Story.

2.Who probably enjoys reading Poodle Mistress?

A. Those who are looking for success.

B. Those who fight for animal rights.

C. Those who are interested in natural world.

D. Those who are pet lovers.

3.What is the cheapest book mainly about?

A. A story of life with poodles.

B. Important health topics.

C. An inspiring journey to success.

D. Memoirs of a wildlife biologist.

假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Harry写信向你了解网络对中国学生学习方式的影响。请根据以下提示，给他写封回信。

1. 网络的发展给中国学生带来了很多新的学习方式；

2. 学习方式的变化表现在课程选择方式、教学方式、作业布置等方面；

3. 你的感想。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加一些细节，使文章内容通顺连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Harry,

I’ m glad to receive your letter. _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Nowadays, many people like buying second-hand goods. The reason are as follows: First of all, second-hand goods are cheaper than new ones, enabled poor people to buy the things they want. Moreover, the second-hand goods trade makes possible for people to make good use of the goods what may be useless in their hands. Besides, the Internet provides a conveniently platform for second-hand goods. Therefore, there are some problems in the second-hand goods trade. For one thing, the quality of second-hand goods cannot be promise. For another, second-hand goods markets lack of enough management, and there exist many dishonest trade activities. In the word, the second-hand goods trade is a good trading way, but it need further perfection.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Students at a university in East China’s Anhui province will probably not receive 1.(they) diploma if they fail a physical fitness test, a type of test that requires students to achieve long-distance running, standing long jump, etc. The test has caused much debate on social media 2.(concern) whether the university’s physical education should be a 3.(require) of their academic degree.

The decision 4.(announce) by Zhang Xiang, head of Anqing Normal University, in the last university’s sports committee meeting. The purpose is 5.(encourage) students to do more exercises after class, according 6. Xin’an Evening News, a local newspaper in Anhui province. The new regulation will come into force in 2019 and 7.(graduate) who fail to pass the fitness tests will not be given a bachelor’s degree in June next year.

However, it is not a one-time test like gaokao, China’s college entrance examination. Students 8. fail the tests before graduation will be offered another chance to retake the test, and 9. they fail it again, they will have to retake the test after graduation. 10.(fortunate), graduates who fail to pass the tests will not get a bachelor’s degree.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Once there was a manager who was a single parent to his three daughters. One morning he asked his oldest daughter, Sonia, to ______ the breakfast dishes before going to school. Not ______ that she was already running late and facing punishment, he was astonished by her ______.She burst into tears. Again, assuming that she was ______ trying to get out of an unpleasant household ______, he demanded that she dry her tears and get back to work immediately. She ______ obeyed him, but her anger could be clearly sensed. That morning he drove to ______ after dropping her daughter without expressing his ______ for her. He tried to work but couldn’t ______; all he could see was his daughter’s ______ tearful face. The man began to realize that his timing had gone wrong and he began to feel ______. He couldn’t wait till suppertime to ______. So he took permission from the school to take his daughter for ______ and said, “Sonia, I am very sorry! I had no right on asking you to ______ at home this morning without any ______ warning. I upset you at a time when you most needed my love and ______. And I let you go without saying ‘I love you’. I was wrong. Please ______ me.”

Sonia put her ______ around her father’s neck and hugged him and said “Oh, Dad, of course I forgive you. I love you too.”

The ______ of these restorative(促使康复的) words, “I am Sorry!” is such that they _______relationships—between us and our friends, between us and our loved ones, and between us and God.

1.A. set B. buy C. do D. arrange

2.A. recognizing B. realizing C. telling D. explaining

3.A. reaction B. appearance C. gesture D. words

4.A. even B. ever C. indeed D. merely

5.A. appointment B. duty C. decision D. talk

6.A. hesitantly B. joyfully C. painfully D. unwillingly

7.A. office B. school C. garage D. supermarket

8.A. amazement B. agreement C. love D. interest

9.A. concentrate B. complete C. perform D. quit

10.A. delighted B. satisfactory C. excited D. scared

11.A. upset B. regretful C. disappointed D. honored

12.A. comment B. depart C. choose D. apologize

13.A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. holiday

14.A. deal with B. try out C. help out D. take on

15.A. previous B. precious C. formal D. obvious

16.A. support B. anger C. impression D. promise

17.A. tolerate B. punish C. forgive D. guide

18.A. legs B. arms C. hands D. ears

19.A. secret B. use C. advantage D. power

20.A. create B. break C. mend D. deepen

Helping your daughter say no to pressure

You are her greatest influence

1.. It may seem that they aren’t listening, but they truly are. When parents stay involved in their daughter’s lives, tell them their views and values, they lend to make belter choices for themselves.

Be straight about what cannot be done

Parents need to work out what is and what isn’t negotiable(可协商的). 2.. You have to do something. With things like drinking alcohol and when it comes to her personal safety, you have to let her know what is and isn’t OK.

Seek advice from friends and experts

3., yet when our children reach adolescence we seem to think we need to parent alone. Similarly, let her know that it is OK if she seeks advice from other adults such as her adviser or counselor(法律顾问).

4.

Quite often we like to talk the talk but we have to walk the walk. Your daughter will learn so much from how you manage yourself and how you behave and respond, and similarly how you handle pressure.

Be aware of behavior changes

If your daughter becomes troubled with dieting, her phone keeps ringing or she begins spending too much time on the Internet, it may indicate that something goes wrong in her world. 5.. You also need to be a bit more aware of what might be going on in her world.

A. Be your daughter’s role model

B. If everything is non-negotiable, you will have conflicts

C. These are indicators that you need to have a conversation

D. If you expect her not to drink or smoke, she may follow you

E. Parents need to know their big influences on their daughters

F. Ask your daughter to consider the media and social influences

G. Parents will actively learn how to look after their newborn baby

    What were you like as a teenager? I was a nightmare. I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework, hung out with the wrong people and made lots of bad decisions. Apparently, this is the age when teenagers are out of control and behave badly. Maybe，if you’re a teenager now, you think this is unfair criticism or it’s not your fault. Well, you might be right!

Experts have found that it’s a teenager’s brain that is to blame. Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19—a period known as adolescence—the brain is still developing in areas that control behavior. This has an influence on learning and multitasking(同时做多件事情), stress and memory, sleep, addiction, and decision-making. For parents, these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒无常).

This is quite a new discovery, according to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, who, speaking on the BBC radio program The Life Scientific, says, “when I was at university, the dogma(教条) in the text books was that the vast majority of brain development goes on in the first few years of life and nothing much changes after mid-childhood. That dogma is completely false.”

According to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, students’ not being able to get their homework done on time has something to do with our prefrontal cortex—that’s the part of our brain right at the front, just behind the forehead. She says, “it’s involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive(认知的) tasks such as decision making and planning—we know that this region is undergoing very large amounts of development during the adolescent years.” This is the part of the brain, mainly involved in planning, and, for a teenager, this hasn’t developed yet. So getting organized to do their homework, for example, can come as a bit of a challenge.

I wish I’d known about this because instead of telling my teacher I’d left my homework on the bus or that the dog had eaten it. Now I could say, “Sorry sir, my brain isn’t developed enough for the cognitive task of planning my homework.”

1.What is the main idea of the text?

A. The growing pains of teenagers.

B. The dogma in the text hooks was false.

C. A new discovery about the teenager’s brain.

D. The students’ new challenge of doing their homework.

2.According to the author, why is it a bit of challenge for students to do their homework?

A. The students are moody.

B. Hormones are to blame.

C. There is too much homework.

D. The brains of the students haven’t been developed.

3.What does the underlined word manifest mean?

A. Develop. B. Show.

C. Abandon. D. Experience.

4.What can we know from the text?

A. The vast majority of brain doesn’t develop after mid-childhood.

B. All of the students are nightmares for parents during adolescence.

C. Prefrontal cortex is undergoing large amounts of development during childhood.

D. The prefrontal cortex has something to do with many high-level cognitive tasks.

    How to help yourselves facing the frequent occurrence of crowded stampede(踩踏) during the holiday?

If you are in a crowd, a first and most essential thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings. No matter where you are, make sure you always know how to get out.

Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on, and know that in a crowd of moving people, wet or uneven ground can he slippery or dangerous, causing you to fall.

Be aware of the general atmosphere of the event, as panic situations can often be predicted. When in danger, a few seconds can make all the difference, giving you the possibility of taking advantage of your escaping route. Always stay closer to the escape route.

If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure, do not stand still or sit down, because you could easily get trampled(被踩踏). Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd; take advantage of any space that may open up to move sideways. Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxer—it gives you movement and protects your chest.

If you fall, get up quickly. If you can’t get up because you are injured, get someone to pull you back up. If you have kids, lift them up. If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms and curl up into the fetal(胎儿的) position (do not lay on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs). The worst situation is to be pushed by the crowd against an immovable object. Try to stay away from walls, fences or barricades, as the crowd pressure can build up rapidly.

1.What is the first important when you are in a crowd?

A. Protect your breast.

B. Call the ambulance quickly.

C. Press with the crowd tightly.

D. Be familiar with your surroundings quickly.

2.What should you do if you fall and cannot get up in a crowd?

A. Shout at the crowd loudly.

B. Wait for someone to save you.

C. Cover your head with your arms.

D. Lay on the ground without moving.

3.What should you do if you find yourself pressed in the middle of the crowd?

A. Cry for help and fight against the pressure.

B. Move towards the same direction of the crowd.

C. Keep still and wait for the crowd to leave slowly.

D. Keep bending down with a hand around your head.

4.Who is the suitable reader about the passage?

A. The people of all ages. B. The children.

C. The parents. D. The teachers.

    Over the course of his long and amazing career, W. Somerset Maugham( 1874-1965) achieved great success as a novelist and a playwright. Not happy with just being a writer, Maugham was also a spy. But this was less of a success than his writing.

Dec 15, 2016 marked 51 years since his death, and Maugham’s works have never been out of print. Of Human Bondage(1915) was his masterpiece. The title comes from the great 17th century Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The philosopher thought that human beings were slaves to what they wanted and needed. That’s exactly what Philip Carey, the hero of the novel, experiences.

Carey is a slave to his emotional needs. He doesn’t get much love when he is a child, so he looks for love later. After losing both his parents early in his life, Carey is raised by a paternal uncle who is emotionally cold. In his adult life, he goes from woman to woman and job to job, as he finds it a struggle to find either personal happiness or the right job for his talents. Not wanting to become a lawyer, he is eventually trained and qualified as a physician.

But true love is much harder to find. He finds that he attracts women he has no feelings for and falls in love with those who have no interest in him or, worse, try to take advantage of him. He is torn apart by the pain of his helpless love of a waitress and not being able to return the love of a young artist.

Although Maugham tried to hide it, the book is about his own life. Carey’s loveless childhood and romantic troubles were Maugham’s own. However, he managed to turn these painful details into a story that would interest readers who share his characters’ feeling.

Maugham does not just write about his life in the novel. He writes about deeply personal things in a way that speaks to everyone about their wants and needs.

1.In which field did Maugham achieve great success?

A. Politics. B. Writing.

C. Sport. D. Philosophy.

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A. Maugham’s works may never appear in print.

B. Maugham’s works become a big hit overnight.

C. Maugham’s works don’t top the best-seller list.

D. Maugham’s works are still popular among readers.

3.The hero, Carey, in Of Human Bondage _________.

A. is the master of his own emotions

B. thinks it’s much easier to find true love

C. has strong emotional needs for lack of love

D. rescues himself from being a slave to his needs

4.What is the article mainly about?

A. Maugham’s masterpiece. B. Maugham’s beliefs.

C. Maugham’s love for writing. D. Maugham’s popularity.

    Brisbane is an exciting city, voted as one of the most liveable cities in Australia. Its fine food will make you hate to leave. Here are four famous restaurants.

Aria

For a fine dining experience in Brisbane, it is hard to go past Aria by award winning well-known chef Matt Moran. With a beautiful setting at the Eagle Street Pier overlooking the Brisbane River, Aria is all about beautifully presented food. This is what Alia differs from other restaurants. The menu here is seasonal with different lunch and dinner options, and prices are set depending on how many courses you choose.

Bavarian Bier Café

There are lots of fantastic restaurants that overlook the Brisbane River and the Story Bridge. A big favorite is the Bavarian Bier Café where you can enjoy amazing German food, with big cups of Bavarian beer to drink and cookies to go with it. Prices are quite reasonable and the views are some of the best you’ll get in Brisbane.

E’cco Bistro

Set in an old tea warehouse building, E’cco Bistro has been serving up amazing food in Brisbane for over 20 years. E’cco Bistro is run by chef Philip Johnson who focuses on using the best local produce to create dishes where the materials do the talking. The menu has a good variety of dishes at reasonable prices, with dishes such as lobsters with sweet and sour onions, carrot, mushroom.

The Plough Inn

Plough Inn is one of the best pubs to go to for food in Brisbane. No matter when you come in, it is sure to satisfy all of your appetite. Pub dining is huge in Brisbane and the dining experience has moved away from the basic pub bugs of old, now offering extensive menus with restaurant quality food. The pub atmosphere is still there however, and the food is generally still cheap, plentiful and not too fancy.

1.What makes the food served by Aria special?

A. Its taste. B. Its price.

C. Its appearance. D. Its variety.

2.Which restaurant would you like to go to if you are a lover of German food?

A. Aria B. Bavarian Bier Café

C. E’cco Bistro D. The Plough Inn

3.In which aspect is Philip Johnson expert?

A. Cooking food with local food materials.

B. Presenting his food in an attracting way.

C. Offering beer with delicious cookies.

D. Creating a traditional pub atmosphere.

Write an English composition in 120)-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是明后中学的李华，你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，给出理由（信的格式已给）。

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Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)

2.网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of)

3.让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)

4.博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose)

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Where are the bees?

Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.

In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.

There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.

The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.

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