听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where does the conversation take place?

A. Inside a car.    B. In a parking lot.    C. On the side of a street.

2.What did the man see the woman do in the car?

A. Look out of the window.    B. Answer her phone.    C. Do her hair.

3.Why was the man angry?

A. The woman damaged his car.

B. The woman borrowed his car.

C. The woman called the police.

4.How does the woman probably feel in the end?

A. Worried.    B. Relaxed.    C. Surprised.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the man want to order at first?

A. Bacon and eggs.    B. A cheeseburger.    C. Some potatoes.

2.Why isn't the full menu served?

A. One of the cooks is sick.

B. It's before the lunch time.

C. They don't serve lunch anymore.

3.How much should the woman pay?

A. $10.    B. $6.50.    C. $6.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the weather like now?

A. Rainy.    B. Cloudy.    C. Sunny.

2.What do we know about the woman?

A. She gets sunburned easily.

B. She never puts on sun cream.

C. She doesn't know the first use of the umbrella.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Who might the woman be?

A. Mr. Clark's interviewer.

B. Mr. Romero's boss.

C. Mr. Romero's secretary.

2.What will the man do next?

A. Wait in Mr. Romero's office.

B. Go to the washroom.

C. Take the elevator.

What are the speakers talking about?

A. The photos.    B. The latest fashion.    C. The woman's younger sister.

Where are the speakers?

A. At a travel agency.    B. At a post office.    C. At a bank.

What does the woman look like?

A. Excited.    B. Nervous.    C. Tired.

What does the woman want?

A. The man's phone.    B. The man's phone charger.    C. A new mobile phone.

What did the man like about the movie?

A. The acting.    B. The jokes.    C. The music.

假如你是李华，是星光中学一名高一学生，得知某英文报社要评选“The Most Qualified Teacher”(最美老师)，你想推荐你校的刘英老师。请你用英语给编辑写一封推荐信。要点如下：

1.介绍被推荐人（刘英老师）的基本信息（如外貌，性格等）;

2.说明推荐理由。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Editor，

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Boys and girls，

May I have your fully attention, please? I have announcement to make. To welcome our friends in the United States, the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，February 20. As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building. They will begin at 7 pm. There will be music，dancing, singing or exchange of gifts. Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to pack it up, sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes. Don’t miss the party, because I believe we will have a lot of funs there. Everyone is welcome.

That’s all. Thank you.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填在答题卡上的相应位置。

Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago，Lu Yu wrote a book called“The Classic of Tea”，which is honored 1.“The Bible of Tea”．The book gives a detailed 2. (explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea.

However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3. (it)．Take green tea for instance，the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80℃. If the water is too hot, nutrients (营养) in the tea will 4. (destroy)．On the other hand，if the water is not hot enough, the tea 5. (leaf) won’t open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. So Chinese people are used 6. drinking hot tea. When you visit a Chinese friend，your friend will 7. (constant) add hot water to your empty cup of tea. It is polite 8. (offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands. Of course，the guests should pay respect as well, 9. (take)the cup with both hands.

Talking about adding water to the tea cup，there is 10. saying: Wine full，full cup. Tea half，half cup. For wine，the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness. For tea，the half cup means modesty.

Hello，Mr. Wi-Fi. Life without you is next to impossible now. We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn. ____ I know you help me，sometimes you’re making me do things with ____ attention. Many times I promise myself that I’ll ____ my feelings towards you, but you’re ____ me closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my ____, You’re just a window for our ___ and information. But we people aren’t ____ only with the window. So we open all our ____ for you. Is this a(n) ____ or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable？And if this is an attachment, will you ____ me the lifelong togetherness?

We want you all the time. Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can   ____？You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super ____ poison which holds our mind and makes us dance ____ its tune. Nowadays you’re so ____ that anyone can buy and make you our ____. You’ll never worry about our health but we’ll   ___ be concerned about your“health”．Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.

If you were a ____ person made of flesh and blood (血肉之躯) would we love you the same? You ____ us with your great talents and we even can’t get rid of you. We’re all your ____. Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations ______，but if they did why can’t we?

1.A. Now that    B. Only if    C. Though    D. When

2.A. praised    B. increased    C. focused    D. divided

3.A. keep in    B. bring back    C. approve of    D. give up

4.A. drawing    B. pushing    C. forcing    D. observing

5.A. space    B. soul    C. society    D. course

6.A. entertainment    B. argument    C. expansion    D. struggle

7.A. strict    B. satisfied    C. generous    D. busy

8.A. thoughts    B. eyes    C. exits    D. doors

9.A. disease    B. inspiration    C. routine    D. phenomenon

10.A. recommend    B. instruct    C. promise    D. adapt

11.A. persist    B. relax    C. progress    D. fight

12.A. raw    B. comfortable    C. strong    D. fast

13.A. to    B. against    C. from    D. within

14.A. affordable    B. valuable    C. active    D. attractive

15.A. addition    B. expert    C. companion    D. instrument

16.A. sometimes    B. always    C. never    D. seldom

17.A. selfish    B. dishonest    C. responsible    D. real

18.A. control    B. scold    C. comfort    D. challenge

19.A. friends    B. slaves    C. colleagues    D. employers

20.A. suffered    B. connected    C. survived    D. surfed

Sad Tale for Sale

Hundreds of thousands of puppies (小狗) are born in puppy factories each year. Because the main purpose of the puppy factory is to make money, puppy factory owners fail to spend enough money on the dogs. 1. The animals almost never get exercise or attention. Their cages (笼子) are often dirty, with little protection from sun, wind or cold.

Many puppies born in puppy factories are taken away from their mothers before they are ready. 2.  The moms left behind are then bred (繁殖) again to produce more puppies.

3. Although the puppies may seem healthy, these problems can show up when they’re fully grown — sometimes even sooner. Some of the puppies die within days or weeks of purchase (购买).

Kind kids and their families can help. 4. Even if a pet store says that they don’t sell dogs from puppy factories, chances are they really do. And don’t trust newspaper or website ads made by people who sell puppies.

If your family is ready for a dog, your best choice is to adopt one from an animal shelter (收容所). Animal shelters have different kinds of dogs just waiting for homes.   5.

A. Puppy factories need to stop.

B. In the future, don’t buy puppies from pet stores.

C. To save money, they keep dogs in packed cages.

D. By doing this, you’re in the business of helping pets!

E. There are many puppies killed in puppy factories.

F. Then they are shipped cross-country to be sold in pet shops.

G. Many of the dogs born in puppy factories have serious health problems.

If you have a chance to take a walk in a park, look carefully at the people walking their dogs. You’ll probably find friendly-looking people with friendly dogs; quiet people with quiet dogs; large men with oversized dogs and long-haired women with long-eared dogs. As you’ve probably noticed, dogs and their owners look alike. Have you ever wondered why?

These similarities are so common that researchers have tried to explain them. There are two theories (理论): the convergence (趋同) theory and the selection theory. The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar. In other words, they “converge.”The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.

Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners. Then they asked some students to match the dogs’ photos with their owners. The students were quite successful with purebred (纯种的) dogs: they correctly matched 16 out of 25 with their owners. However, they had almost no success connecting mixed-breed (杂交的) dogs with their owners. When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict (预测) what it will look like later. But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up. And since it was the purebreds not the mixed-breeds that looked like their owners, the research seems to prove the“selection theory”.

But one bit of warning. Although many people look like their dogs, not all dog owners enjoy having the similarity pointed out to them. So, even if the similarity is amazing, don’t go up to a stranger and say,“Wow, you look just like your dog!”

1.The convergence theory explains that the similarity between dogs and their owners _____.

A. decreases with the age of them

B. decreases with increasing differences

C. increases with the period of ownership (所有权, 拥有权)

D. increases with increasing attractiveness

2.According to the selection theory, why do dogs look like their owners?

A. They influence each other.

B. They often do the same thing.

C. Dogs follow what their owners do.

D. Owners pick dogs that look like them.

3.What’s the purpose of the research?

A. To test two similarity theories.

B. To prove the selection theory.

C. To help people choose proper dogs.

D. To show the differences between dogs.

4.What can we learn from the research?

A. Purebred dogs have predictable appearance.

B. Most owners want their dogs to look like them.

C. Mixed-breeds and their owners share similarities.

D. Most owners prefer purebred dogs to mixed-breeds.

Jimmy is an automotive mechanic (汽修工), but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.

One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said,“Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please. I insist.”Jimmy agreed.

Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease (润滑油) on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?”he thought to himself.

Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.

“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.

1.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?

A. A friend’s car had a flat tyre.    B. A wild man was pushing a car.

C. A terrible car accident happened.    D. An old man’s car broke down.

2.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?

A. He was also to be interviewed.    B. He needed a traveling companion.

C. He always helped people in need.    D. He was thankful to Jimmy.

3.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?

A. He was sorry for the other applicants.

B. There was no hope for him to get the job.

C. He regretted helping the old man.

D. The interviewer was very rude.

4.What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience？

A. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.    B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C. Good is rewarded with good.    D. Two heads are better than one.

Joey was born in 1990 in Connecticut and now lives in North Carolina in the United States. When Joey was six, he started racing small cars in competitions. He began to win many races, but they weren’t big races. His parents decided to move to Atlanta, Georgia, so Joey could compete in bigger and better competitions. When he was 12, he set a record by winning 14 races in a row at the Atlanta Motor Speedway. He continued to win many races, and finally began racing with regular-sized (正常大小的) race cars.

When Joey was 15 years old, he met the race car driver Mark Martin. Martin is a famous NASCAR driver. NASCAR is the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, and it is the biggest and most popular car-racing organization in the United States. Martin was interested in Joey and thought he was “the real deal.” He said, “I am sure that he can be one of the greatest that ever raced in NASCAR. There’s no doubt in my mind.”

Martin was right. Joey started as a NASCAR driver in 2007. NASCAR has many races, and at first, Joey was only able to compete in smaller races because of his age. In his first NASCAR season, he won a championship (冠军). In 2008, he was able to compete in bigger NASCAR competitions. He competed in one of the top NASCAR racing series called the Nationwide Series, and at 18, he became the youngest winner in Nationwide Series history.

In 2009, he became the youngest winner in another top NASCAR racing series called the Sprint Cup Series, and he also won the Nationwide Series for the fifth time. To be one of the best drivers in the history of racing, Joey has to win many more races. But at 19, he’s off to a good start.

1.Why did Joey’s parents decide to move to Atlanta?

A. To make more money for Joey.

B. To allow Joey to watch more car races.

C. To provide Joey with a better education.

D. To let him compete in bigger and better races.

2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Joey had a bright future.

B. Joey was a true lover of race cars.

C. Martin won a nationwide competition.

D. Martin became the youngest NASCAR winner.

3.What happened when Joey was 19 years old?

A. He won the Sprint Cup Series.

B. He had his first NASCAR season.

C. He won the Nationwide Series for the first time.

D. He broke many records for NASCAR racing series.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A. A good start.    B. NASCAR races.

C. Racing to success.    D. Best drivers in history.

The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore(1913)

Prize motivation: because of his deep sensitive, fresh and beautiful poetry, with perfect skills, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words，part of the literature of the West.

William Faulkner (1949)

Prize motivation: for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.

Ernest Miller Hemingway(1954)

Prize motivation：for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea.

John Steinbeck (1962)

Prize motivation: for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining sympathetic humour and keen social perception.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953)

Prize motivation：for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for his brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values.

Claude Simon (1985)

Prize motivation: he in his novel combines the poet’s and the painter’s creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition.

Mo Yan (2012)

Prize motivation：he, with dreamlike realism，combines folk tales，history and the contemporary.

Bob Dylan (2016)

Prize motivation：for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.

1.Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry?

A. Ernest Hemingway.    B. Rabindranath Tagore.

C. William Faulkner.    D. Winston Churchill.

2.Whose works will you turn to if you are interested in a song writing Nobel Prize winner?

A. Mo Yan’s.    B. Bob Dylan’s.

C. Claude Simon’s.    D. Rabindranath Tagore’s.

3.Who was famous for his speech?

A. John Steinbeck.    B. Mo Yan.

C. Ernest Hemingway.    D. Winston Churchill.

Robots will create double the number of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the structure of America’s workforce that may impact everyone. The report says that 75 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and automation. But it also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers and machines.

It is a widely held belief that routine, low-skilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the report shows that many middle-class roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.

Meanwhile, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by WEF expecting a shift away from full-time work to flexible employment with a focus on productivity.

All industries expect big skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will require reskilling of some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling.

（写作内容）

1.用约30个单词概述短文的主要内容；

2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括:

(1) 这一现象产生的原因有哪些(不少于两点)；

(2) 面对即将到来的“智能时代”你所做的准备。

（写作要求）

1.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

（评分标准）内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who’s Really Addicting You To Technology?

“Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet”, wrote Tony Schwartz in The New York Times. It’s a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction.

There’s little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting. Then who’s at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it’s important to understand what we’re dealing with. There are four parties cooperating to keep you connected: the tech, your boss, your friends and you.

The technologies themselves and their makers are the easiest suspects to blame for our distraction. Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make. No wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on improving their services to be as attractive as possible.

Good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them from coming too close. However, less than 15 percent of smartphone users are willing to adjust their notification settings  meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to (默认)the app makers’ every preset devices.

While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. We check email at all hours of the day  we’re obsessed, because that’s what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

Your friends are also responsible for the addiction. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others’ company. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.

The reality is taking one’s phone out at the wrong time is more than an impolite behavior because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious (传染). Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain reaction.

Hie technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing) these gadgets. But there’s still someone who deserves careful examination  the person holding the phone.

When people are doing something difficult they’d rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research”. The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.

Personal technology is indeed more attractive than ever, which doesn’t mean we shouldn’t attempt to control our use of technology, instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it’s more than the technology that’s responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.

When my vision-challenged daughter was 3, and I was pregnant with my second child, we got her glasses. It was a long process involving many different opticians (配镜师)over the course of a year, because of my daughter’s overwhelming desire to scream and fly into a temper any time we tried to have her eyes examined. The fourth optician was amazing  while my daughter didn’t cooperate, she performed various miracles and managed what she called a “best guess” at her prescription.

“Start with this,” she said. “When she realizes she can see better, bring her back, and we can try for something more accurate.”

I didn’t want to pay $300 for glasses that might be replaced in a month’s time, so I decided to bring her straight to a Walmart optical. Things were going on well, until the optician needed to take an additional measurement, which would involve holding a ruler up to her eyes and measuring the distance between the outer corner of one eye and the inner corner of the other.

“Are you sure you need the measurement?” I asked. “She’s really not cooperative when it comes to the eye-testing stuff.”

“We definitely need to have it, we can’t fill her prescription without it.” the optician said.

But my daughter would not let the optician anywhere near her face with the small plastic ruler. She started yelling and crying, and we took her off to the side and promised we’d get ice cream afterward if she let the nice lady hold the ruler near her nose! The optician gave us the ruler, thinking we would have an easier time, but when my daughter knew we needed to hold the ruler near her face, which, in toddler logic, meant a life-or-death situation, she prevented us from getting anywhere near her.

Finally, my husband and I agreed that one of us would have to hold her down and the other would take the measurement. I sat on the floor trying to hold her head still while my husband tried to get an accurate reading on that stupid ruler. Despite her struggle and scream, we finally got it. My daughter stopped crying three seconds later and went back to play as if nothing had happened.

There is no version of this story where I feel comfortable us even if it was for her own good. I felt awful  wondering, if magically know what to say to get her cooperation? The weeks spent with a special book about wearing glasses, telling her how great glasses were... I could feel tears welling up and I thought, “I can’t cry. I’m sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical centre. I can’t cry here.”

And there it was  the final thing I could not bear. It w already reduced me to sitting on the floor of a Walmart optical p toddler down to press a ruler against her face and do it for the packed Saturday audience of all the Walmart checkout counters. I cried. Big, shoulder-shaking sobs. Sitting right there on the floor of a Walmart, behind the optical counter.

Five days later, the Walmart optical centre called. They said my daughter’s glasses were ready for pickup and I should schedule an appointment with the optician so that we can have them properly fitted. I said I’d be picking up the glasses alone and we would do the fitting another day. She insisted that the fitting was crucial, to which I replied, “I don’t know if you were working last Saturday, but my daughter is really not cooperating on this whole glasses thing. I’d prefer to just pick them up.” Silence. Then she said, “I was there last Saturday, I remember you. Absolutely, you can pick them up any time.”

1.Why did the daughter scream and yell when the measurement was taken for her glasses?

A. Because she didn’t like the opticians.

B. Because she was afraid that she would die.

C. Because her parents didn’t give her ice cream.

D. Because she had little knowledge of taking measurement for glasses.

2.In Para 1, the writer described the work of the fourth optician in a(n) _________tone.

A. ironic    B. straightforward    C. critical    D. approving

3.Why did the writer cry in the Walmart?

A. Because she found it hard to educate her daughter.

B. Because she felt she could have done in a better way.

C. Because she strongly felt a sense of failure as a mother.

D. Because she felt it a shame to be watched by so many customers.

4.According to the last paragraph, the optician in the Walmart can be described as ________.

A. tolerant    B. trustworthy    C. considerate    D. casual

5.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A. A story of glasses

B. My big fat Walmart cry

C. A great lesson for parents

D. My struggle with my daughter

Going to university is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience.

That assumption is possibly made in contrast to training for work straight after school. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen, Germany, thought she would try to find out.

Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. It shows that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational training for work. However, it is not the case that university broadens minds. Rather, work seems to narrow them.

After studying the early career of 2095 German youngsters, Dr. Golle reached the conclusion.

During the period under investigation, Germany had three tracks in its schools: a low one for pupils who would most probably leave school early and enter vocational training; a high one for those almost certain to enter university; and an intermediate one, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes.

The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits and the other of attitudes. They administered both tests twice  once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at school, and then again six years later.

Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, and it was on these that the researchers focused. Of them, 212 went to university and the remaining 170 chosen for vocational training and a job.

When it came to the second round of tests, Dr Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not apparently changed. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either  except in one crucial respect  they had become more responsible.

That sounds like a good thing, compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of pampered layabouts(娇生惯养的闲人). But changes in attitude the researchers recorded were more worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature.

And that might restrict their choice of careers. Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed off limits to the degreeless.

But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers, finance-sector workers and entrepreneurs as careers requiring these attributes.

If Dr Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter of concern.

1.Compared with students going to university, those choosing the vocational route__________.

A. show more changes in their attitudes

B. find it more difficult to land suitable jobs

C. are more interested in tasks related to science

D. are more responsible and do their work better

2.The underlined word “detectable” in Para.9 can be replaced by___________.

A. desirable    B. predictable    C. noticeable    D. changeable

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. University graduates don’t need to receive training at all.

B. Germany should change the tradition of vocational training.

C. People without a degree may find a limit to their choices of careers.

D. In comparison with vocational training, universities can greatly broaden people’s minds.

4.In which column of a magazine can you find the passage?

A. Science.    B. Culture.    C. Economy.    D. Education.

In 2016, designer Liz Ciokajlo received a task from the Museum of Modern Art (Moma) in New York: revisit the Moon Boot, a fluffy-looking snowshoe inspired by the footwear used by the Apollo astronauts.

Launched in 1972 at the height of the lunar missions, the Moon Boot is an icon of the 20th Century’s “plastic age” and the museum administrators wanted a new take on it.

Ciokajlo set out to reimagine it. She knew only a biomaterial would work in a “post-plastic age”, but the designer also wanted a new destination to inspire it. Our generation’s space travel obsession is not the Moon, she thought, but the red planet Mars. And Mars allows you to really think outside of the box.

The task led her to an amazing biomaterial that had already attracted the attention of engineers innovating m building materials and of top space agencies like NASA and ESA. Her final design, a tall, female, rough-looking boot, can be made on board a spaceship with almost only human sweat and a few fungus spores (真菌孢子), ideal for a seven-month trip to Mars with limited check-in luggage.

This magic biomaterial is mycelium (菌丝体), the vegetative part of the fungus It looks like amass of white thread-like structures, each called hyphae. Collectively, these threads are called mycelium and are the largest part of the fungus.

Mycelium has amazing properties. It is a great recycler, as it feeds off a substrate to create more material, and has the potential of almost limitless growth in the right conditions. It can endure more pressure than conventional concrete without breaking. It is a known insulator and fire-retardant and could even provide radiation protection on space missions.

On Earth it’s currently used to create ceiling panels, leather, packaging materials and building materials, but in outer space it stands out for its architectural potential, says artist and engineer Maurizio Montalti, who has teamed up with Ciokajlo.

For her revisited boot, Ciokajlo wanted to use the human body as the source for some of the building materials and decided to employ sweat. Reusing sweat is not entirely new in space exploration but a novelty approach for footwear. She thinks it might make astronauts feel closer to home during the long journey to Mars.

The design is still hypothetical, because the real boot submitted for Moma  and currently in display at the London Design Museum  did use mycelium but not human sweat, as their deadline was too tight, but the science checks out.

1.The sentences “‘Mars has always been a place where you can dream. It is a place where you can reimagine how to live on Earth.’ Ciokajlo says.” w should be put__________.

A. between Para. 1 and Para.2    B. between Para. 2 and Para.3

C. between Para.3 and Para.4    D. between Para. 4 and Para.5

2.According to the passage, which of the following Doesn’t belong to the characteristics of mycelium?

A. It can be recyclable.

B. It can protect people from radiation.

C. It can grow without limit whatever the condition.

D. Compared with conventional concrete, it can endure more pressure.

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The new design will be used for moon exploration.

B. It will be some time before the new design is put into actual use.

C. Mycelium has been currently widely used, especially in outer space.

D. Human sweat wasn’t used in the design because of some drawbacks.

4.The author takes a(n) ___________attitude towards the new design.

A. optimistic    B. indifferent    C. objective    D. doubtful

Incredible experiences in Bucharest

Admire one of the world’s largest buildings

The world’s biggest parliamentary building, Palace of Parliament, happens to be in Bucharest. Hour-long guided tours manage to take in just a fraction of the building’s three-million-plus square feet (there are more than a thousand rooms) and focus on the tons of marble, hardwood, and gold used in the building’s construction in the 1980s, a time when Romania was trying to feed its own people. Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, both played a direct role in the construction. It was originally intended to house the presidential offices and the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party but was never finished.

See remains of old “Paris”

“Paris of the East” was Bucharest’s nickname in the decades before World War II. Decades of communist misrule and a tragic earthquake in 1977 brought much of the old city down but there are places here and there where that former elegance can still be glimpsed. The Cismigiu Gardens in the center of the city is a pearl of park built around a romantic lake and featuring old-growth trees and gracious, wrought-iron signposts and benches.

Learn about Romania’s roots

Walking though Bucharest’s busy streets, it’s easy to forget that outside the capital and a U large cities, Romania is a largely agricultural country, with a long and rich peasant tradition.The amazing Museum of the Romanian Peasant shows off the elaborate woodworking, pottery-making, egg-painting, and weaving skills of the peasantry in a way that’s both educational and amusing. Small tongue-in-cheek signs at the entrance to each room poke fun at modern life, bring a chuckle, and draw you in. Downstairs there’s a side exhibition on the Communists’ efforts to nationalize the peasantry in the 1970s and 1980s.

Appreciate 21st-century art

Romania has exploded onto the contemporary art scene in recent years. The excitement was generated initially by a group of young painters and visual artists from the northern city of Cluj-Napoca, but at least some of the action has shifted to the capital as new galleries and design centers open up. It’s hard to pinpoint precisely what constitutes Romanian contemporary art, though critics point to shared elements of wit and dark humor, a somber mood, and bits of surrealism in defining a common style.

1.Tourists to Bucharest can do the following things EXCEPT__________ .

A. admiring beautiful scenery of a park

B. appreciating its unique contemporary art

C. learning about the agricultural development in Romania

D. seeing the old city of Bucharest that has been well-preserved

2.It can be inferred from the passage that____________.

A. Ceausescu and Elena were two famous architects

B. Romanians might have suffered a lot during the 1970s and 1980s

C. Palace of Parliament in Bucharest is the largest building in the world

D. Romanian’s 21st-century art originated from the capital city Bucharest

Julie was one of my favorite students at the University of Nebraska. I remember her coming to me after class one day. While most students hurriedly left, Julie_______to ask questions about the next week’s exam.

Julie never_______it to the exam, though. The day after our conversation, she was tragically struck by a truck.

In Julie’s ward, her parents stood in quiet_______The physician entered, cleared his_______, and said, “Your Julie has only a few_______to live.” He felt the_______to ask, “Would you consider donating some of her organs?”

_______, in a neighboring state, Mary leaned forward, her eyes following every movement of her child. She was_______memories to enjoy when she could no longer_______him.

Several states away, John, 26, was reading to his sons, his body connected to a life-giving “artificial kidney”. Doctors had given him a________of only weeks to live. His only hope was a kidney transplant.

Julie’s grief-stricken parents________the physician’s question in their mind. Julie had once said she wanted to be an organ donor________her death.________as they were, they turned to the physician, responding, “Yes. Julie always gave to others while living. She would want to give in death.”

Within 24 hours, Mary was informed she would receive one of Julie’s eyes, and John was told to prepare for a kidney transplant. Julie’s other organs would give life and________to other waiting recipients.

“Julie died right after her twentieth birthday. My heart breaks again and again, at each birthday, at each________: when she might have graduated; when she might have married…” says Julie’s mother. “But Julie’s life was a________to us. Knowing that in her death, she gave life and sight to others is________to us, and remembering that we carried out her________has helped us________ the loss of her.”

I may have had a small part in teaching Julie how to live. But she, and her family, are still teaching me an even greater lesson  how to________.

1.A. continued    B. offered    C. remained    D. came

2.A. got    B. made    C. took    D. deserved

3.A. embarrassment    B. shock    C. disbelief    D. desperation

4.A. hand    B. mind    C. throat    D. pocket

5.A. months    B. hours    C. minutes    D. weeks

6.A. urge    B. pressure    C. freedom    D. pride

7.A. However    B. Meanwhile    C. Anyhow    D. Somewhat

8.A. calling up    B. picking up    C. setting up    D. storing up

9.A. see    B. touch    C. hug    D. feel

10.A. prescription    B. notice    C. diagnosis    D. prediction

11.A. turned over    B. figured out    C. thought up    D. took in

12.A. by virtue of    B. in the event of    C. on account of    D. for fear of

13.A. Miserable    B. Hesitant    C. Passionate    D. Motivated

14.A. happiness    B. sight    C. encouragement    D. promise

15.A. ceremony    B. crossroads    C. milestone    D. junction

16.A. lesson    B. bless    C. gift    D. chance

17.A. comforting    B. heartbreaking    C. rewarding    D. demanding

18.A. arrangements    B. expectations    C. wishes    D. values

19.A. over    B. through    C. beyond    D. with

20.A. give    B. sacrifice    C. help    D. die

Kelly, what do you think of the guy who has a sweet voice?

To be frank, he is _________.

A. not the salt of the earth    B. not my cup of tea

C. a person of interest    D. a man in the street

Hope there will be an end to the trade war between China and the US.

Indeed, otherwise both sides _________ a lot.

A. must suffer    B. were to suffer    C. suffered    D. would suffer

As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progress.

A. privilege    B. preference    C. priority    D. principle

With the application of 5G technology __________ profound changes in almost all fields throughout the world.

A. will come    B. are coming    C. comes    D. come

Whenever I feel lonely or upset, I always do some reading, which _________ me well.

A. serves    B. suits    C. favors    D. motivates