Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency (自满),” that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

1.What do we learn about Kodak?

A.It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B.It is approaching its downfall.

C.It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D.It is playing a dominant role in the film market.

2.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?

A.To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B.To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C.To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D.To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.

3.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A.They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B.They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C.They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D.They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

4.What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?

A.A burden.

B.A mirror.

C.A joke.

D.A challenge.

5.What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?

A.Its blind faith in traditional photography.

B.Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.

C.Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

D.Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

    Sunny countries are often poor. A shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. Eight19, a British company by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. In return for a deposit of around￡10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp (安培) current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light­emitting diode (二极管). The firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile­phone charger for seven hours. Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.

The trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the system’s keeper must buy a scratch card — for as little as a dollar — on which is printed a reference number. The keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by SMS to Eight19. The company’s server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit.

Users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. In fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. After buying around￡80 worth of scratch cards — which Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 months — the user will own it. He will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10­watt solar cell.

In that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. Users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and affordably.

According to Eight19’s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. The firm believes the average energy­starved Kenyan spends around￡10 a month on oil — enough to fuel a couple of smoky lamps — plus￡2 on charging his mobile phone in the market­place. Regular users of one of Eight19’s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it completely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper.

1.The underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “______”.

A.make use of B.come up with

C.look into D.deal with

2.What should the user do when the electricity in the battery is used up?

A.Buy a scratch card.

B.Recharge it outside.

C.Buy another solar cell.

D.Return it to the company.

3.How much would users pay for the cell and scratch cards before they own a 2.5­watt solar cell?

A.Around￡10. B.Around￡80.

C.Around￡90. D.Around￡180.

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that       .

A.Kenyan families would find it difficult to afford the solar cell

B.using the solar cell would help Kenyan families save money

C.few Kenyan families use mobile phones for lack of electricity

D.the company will make a great profit from selling solar cells

    The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.

My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.

My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.

The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.

Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of English.

1.In the author’s opinion, the speaker ______.

A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students

B.had exaggerated the language problems of the students

C.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs

D.could think and speak intelligently

2.The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ______.

A.neutral B.positive

C.critical D.compromising

3.It can be concluded from the passage that ______.

A.it is justifiable to include English as a school subject

B.the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level

C.English language teaching is by no means an easy job

D.language improvement needs time and effort

    I’m not so sure I like my friends any more. I used to like them — to be honest. We’d have lunch, talk on the phone or exchange emails, and they all seemed normal enough. But then came Facebook, and I was introduced to a sad fact: many of my friends have dark sides that they had kept from me.

Today my friends show off the more unpleasant aspects of their personalities via Facebook. No longer hidden, they’re thrown in my face like TV commercials — unavoidable and endless advertisements for the worst of their personalities.

Take Fred. If you were to have lunch with him, you’d find him warm, and self-effacing (谦逊的). Read his Facebook and you’ll realize he’s an unbearable, food­obsessed boring man. He’d pause to have a cup of coffee on his way to save a drowning man — and then write about it.

Take Andy. You won’t find a smarter CEO anywhere, but now he’s a CEO without a company to run. So he plays Mafia Wars on Facebook. He’s doing well — level 731.Thanks to Facebook, I know he’s playing about 18 hours a day. Andy, you’ve run four companies — and this is how you spend your downtime? What happened to golf? What happened to getting another job?

Take Liz. She is positive that the flu vaccine will kill us all and that we should avoid it. And then comes Chris who likes to post at least 20 times a day on every website he can find, so I get to read his thoughts twice, once on Facebook and once on Twitter.

In real life, I don’t see these sides of people. Face to face, my friends show me their best. They’re nice, smart people. But face to Facebook, my friends are like a blind date which goes horribly wrong.

I’m left with a dilemma. Who is my real friend? Is it the Liz I have lunch with or the anti­vaccine mad woman on Facebook? Is it the Fred I can grab a sandwich with or the Fred who weeps if he’s at a party and the wine isn’t up to his standards?

1.What’s Andy probably busy in doing now?

A.He’s running his company.

B.He’s playing golf all day.

C.He’s looking for another job.

D.He’s playing computer games.

2.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “______”.

A.a dilemma B.my real friend

C.Facebook D.Twitter

3.The text is developed mainly by ______.

A.giving examples

B.following the time order

C.listing figures

D.raising questions

假定你是李华，你校打算组织一场英文演讲比赛，请你根据下列提示写一篇主题为“Environmental Protection”的演讲稿。内容包括：

1.保护环境的重要性；

2.如何从我做起去保护环境；

3.呼吁大家行动起来。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Good morning, everyone,

My topic today is “Environmental Protection”.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

That's all Thanks for your listening.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

It's impossible for anybody to succeed without making mistakes. I can clear remember that last year an English speech contest held in our school. Though my English was the best in our class and all my classmates encouraged me to take part in the contest, but I was so shy a girl that 1 even dared not answer questions in class. I was afraid of making mistakes in front of so many judge. At last, my classmate Wang Ying, her English was not very good, participated in the contest and won the third prize. Heard the news, I regretted not taking part. As the result, I missed a good chance to show myself.

Now, I have realized the fact which making mistakes is an unavoidable thing in our way to success. Only by making mistakes and correct them can we make progress step by step and finally achieve our goals.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A great1.(achieve) was made in 1953. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed to the top of Mount Everest2.(successful) at 11: 30 am, on May 29. They became the first people3.(reach)the peak of Mount Everest.

Edmund Hillary was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist, and Tenzing Norgay was a Nepali-Indian Sherpa mountaineer. Both of them were part of the4.(nine) British expedition(探险)to Everest5.(lead) by John Hunt in 1953. For this expedition, Hunt selected a group of people who were6.(experience) in climbing mountains. In the group, Edmund Hillary7.(select) from New Zealand, and Tenzing Norgay was actually from India where he lived. Before climbing, the expedition had been organized and planned for months. They made 9 camps on their way up, some of8.have been still used by climbers up to now The first team made9.to the place which was just 300 feet below the peak, and they left on May 26. They actually had already reached the point that no man had reached before. They were forced to leave because of the bad weather and besides, there were problems10.their oxygen tank, too.

    Recently, for the first time in five years I made a resolution(决心). I left my wheelchair and started________. I made it forty-two yards. That simple resolution________something quite powerful and life changing. Today I walked five miles.

My medical team had said this would be________. My brain could no longer send the signals for walking________some nerves(神经)had been destroyed. A while back, a psychologist friend of mine urged me to try to________myself. I was angry. Four of Boston's leading doctors said I'd never get any________. How could I help myself?

I'd get mad at people________her. I heard various things I should________: a new diet, exercise, positive thinking. All of these non-experts________that doctors do not know everything about human potential.

What made me________decide to try? The________is simpler than I'd have ever imagined. That day I tried walking on my own, I said to myself "Why not?"

I walked in a strange way. I got________. So I always explained. I met a friend who said, "________excusing yourself. Walk proudly!" She's just one of the many who've________me that if I open my heart to acceptance, the world is filled with________teams.

I've also decided to open my mind and really________others, experts or not. This not only strengthens my belief in my________; it also strengthens my faith in miracles(奇迹).

I________to ride a bicycle with the help of my husband and soon I could ride it on my own.________, I made a now often repeated resolution- saying, "Yes, I can" to difficulties.

How do we find________when it seems impossible? Do we simply believe that we can achieve something? Yes.

1.A.running B.watching C.playing D.walking

2.A.turned into B.depended on C.referred to D.looked for

3.A.imperfect B.unlucky C.unnecessary D.impossible

4.A.unless B.because C.though D.if

5.A.remind B.express C.help D.protect

6.A.warmer B.better C.heavier D.cleverer

7.A.before B.against C.like D.except

8.A.try B.forget C.recognize D.prove

9.A.reported B.believed C.noticed D.questioned

10.A.usually B.nearly C.normally D.finally

11.A.answer B.theory C.suggestion D.conclusion

12.A.scared B.tired C.excited D.embarrassed

13.A.Enjoy B.Stop C.Consider D.Practice

14.A.taught B.warned C.written D.excused

15.A.sport B.research C.support D.rescue

16.A.cheer for B.care about C.listen to D.argue with

17.A.honesty B.abilities C.patience D.feelings

18.A.started B.regretted C.failed D.intended

19.A.However B.Otherwise C.Instead D.Therefore

20.A.kindness B.quietness C.hope D.justice

Ways to Respectfully Disagree

It’s easier to agree than disagree. 1.Unfortunately, many of us either shy away completely from disagreements or lose it when things don’t go our way. These tips can help keep disagreements constructive.

Use “I’ to communicate how you feel, what you think and what you want or need. 2.For example, telling your parents “You always remind me about my housework when you know I have much homework” has a very different tone from “I’m feeling pressured because I have a lot of homework tonight. Can I do those chores tomorrow?”

Listen to the other’s opinion. 3.That makes it more likely that he or she will do the same for you. When the other person is talking, try to stop yourself from thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next.

4.This is the important thing you can do to keep a conversation on track. Of course, it’s a huge challenge to stay calm when you feel angry about something, especially if their person you’re talking to gets heated.

5.If you’ve ever been on the receiving end of someone’s put-downs (贬损的话), you know how valuable using respectful language and behavior can be. So instead of saying what you might be thinking (That’s a stupid idea!), try saying “I don’t agree, and here is why.”

Respect goes beyond difficult conversations, of course. Being helpful and considerate towards family members, teachers or coaches in our everyday actions helps us establish a foundation for those times when we might disagree.

A. Stay calm.

B. Look into the other’s eyes.

C. Using ‘you’ statements can sound aggressive.

D. Avoid putting down the other person’s ideas and beliefs.

E. Then you can calmly present your case and why you disagree.

F. Being a good listener shows that you respect the other person.

G. But we can learn a lot from conversations where we don’t agree.

    What's safer? Using a numeric PIN code(数字密码)to unlock your smartphone or relying on a swipe(滑动)pattern? New research suggests that, at least when someone close by could be looking over your shoulder, you might be safer with an old-fashioned PIN.

The research by the United States Naval Academy and the University of Maryland tested what could best secure smartphones from so-called "shoulder surfing attacks". So, if you are worried about someone looking over your shoulder while you unlock your phone, would you be wiser to use a PIN or a pattern? According to this research at least, the answer to that question is pretty clear.

Those who have a single observation of your screen as you unlock it with a swipe pattern will be successful in knowing it 64.2% of the time. Security can be improved somewhat by removing lines on the pattern lock (35.3% success rate for shoulder surfers).

By comparison, the use of a six-digit PIN greatly reduces the chances for an attacker to determine how to unlock your smartphone, with just 10.8% of attacks being successful. In tests, viewers were able to determine the users' lock-screen patterns from up to six feet away, from a variety of different angles, even after a single viewing.

Indeed, when it comes to safety, past research has determined that an unlock pattern is about the same as a three-digit PIN -something I hope that none of us would rely upon.

The researchers' conclusion is that a PIN of six digits or more is the most secure de fence against shoulder surfing attacks, and while both types of pattern lock are poor, patterns without lines provide greater security.

Unsurprisingly, the research confirmed that phones with larger screens were found to provide less security against shoulder surfing attacks.

1.What did the research focus on?

A.What lock-screen patterns people use. B.When shoulder surfing attacks occur.

C.Why people prefer numeric PIN codes. D.How you can unlock your phone safely.

2.What do we learn about shoulder surfing attacks?

A.They can increase our screen time. B.They are a threat to our privacy.

C.They are a kind of physical attack. D.They can be done through remote control.

3.Which of the following proves to be the safest?

A.A six-digit PIN. B.A three-digit PIN.

C.A lock-screen pattern with lines. D.A lock-screen pattern without lines.

4.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A.Add some background information. B.Provide some advice for the readers.

C.Offer additional topic-related information. D.Summarize the previous paragraphs.

    When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe "more is better." But what they do not realize is that overtreatment-too many scans, too many blood tests, too many procedures-may bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing, some of which may be attacking, or to treatment for things that should be left out.

Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener's disease, an uncommon disorder of the immune system(免疫系统), they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to experts for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as prevention when she caught a cold. She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care.

After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. "It's a really hard thing to determine when doctors have crossed the line," Mr. Power said. "You think she's getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?" Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new expert to oversee Mrs. Power's care. Under the new doctor's care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power's condition was stable. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.

1.Which of the following was a problem for Mrs. Power during her medical treatment?

A.She had to be hospitalized for three weeks whenever she had a cold.

B.Her doctor asked her to consult other experts for her complaints.

C.When test results showed she was fine, her doctor still ordered more tests.

D.She did not have any insurance, so she became penniless.

2.When did the Powers start to doubt the treatment of Mrs. Power?

A.After they knew about the treatment of other patients.

B.After they analyzed the results of her blood tests

C.After Mrs power was cured of her illness.

D.After the new expert tested her.

3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "stable" in the last paragraph?

A.not getting worse B.improper

C.unchangeable D.uncertain

4.What is the main idea of this passage?

A.Treatments do not always cause harmful side effects.

B.Patients tend to believe more testing is better treatment.

C.Doctors generally recommend office visits that are necessary.

D.Too much medical care may not be beneficial to patients.

    I've often wondered if I might do more good as a travel agent rather than as a psychologist. It seems that I have been more dramatically affected by certain kinds of travel experiences than I ever have.

My trip to Iceland is a fine example of that. The plan was to spend two days in a remote mountain hut(棚屋)in Iceland. I was working on a photographic book about winter in Iceland and needed to capture images of this amazing region of high mountain peaks, smoky volcanoes, and lakes with floating icebergs.

The moment after we arrived, the weather turned extreme making visibility impossible. It snowed so much and the wind blew so hard that we couldn't leave the tiny hut. To stay warm, we walked around in circles much of the day inside the tiny hut. We tried to call for help but the radio did not work. Day after day, we watched our supplies of food and fuel grow dangerously short. We got acute cabin fever(幽居病)and started going for walks and ski expeditions outside. Even when the weather finally broke, nobody came to get us even though it was three days beyond our scheduled pickup. By the time the rescue team came to pull us out, we had all given up hope.

From then on, the world looks different to me, as does my life. It would have taken me years of psychotherapy(心理治疗)to get to the same point.

Almost everyone has a story to tell, and interestingly, most of these experiences were not altogether pleasant at the time. In fact, it appears that the most constructive life-changing journeys were those that involved some sorts of awful and uncomfortable events that forced the person to develop new resources, increase confidence, and solve problems in new ways.

1.The writer went to Iceland to          .

A.enjoy the natural beautiful floating icebergs

B.collect materials for psychological research

C.challenge the high mountains there

D.take photos about the region for a book

2.During the trip in Iceland, the difficulties those travelers faced are the following EXCEPT   .

A.They were short of food and fuel

B.They got lost in the mountain

C.They couldn't see the surroundings clearly

D.They failed to get in touch with the rescue team

3.What can we conclude from the passage?

A.Awful journeys may become life-changing events that inspire people.

B.The travelers were so depressed that they needed psychotherapy.

C.The writer is a travel agent who loves difficult challenges.

D.In Iceland the weather is always extreme and it snows a lot.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Certain Kinds of Travel Experiences That I Ever Have

B.An Unforgettable and Inspiring Adventure

C.My Trip to Iceland

D.Solve Problems in New Ways

    The following "green" hotels from across the world offer guests an eco-friendly and world-class holiday experience.

Hi Hotel, Nice, France

Offering a private beach and rooftop pool, the Hi Hotel Eco Spa Beach has received Green Globe certification for using recycled paper, organic(有机的)paint, eco-friendly cleaning products and organic food.

Garonga Safari Camp, Phalaborwa, South Africa

A high-class 12-bed camp in South Africa, the hotel supports the local community. Locals are offered employment opportunities, with potential for career development, while food and goods are sourced locally where possible. Additionally, guests are invited to offset their carbon footprint by helping with the planting and growing of Spesbok Trees in the Eastern Cape.

Park Hyatt Maldives Hadahaa, Maldives

Park Hyatt Maldives Hadahaa combines environment and modern design to offer guests the luxurious experience. Various parts of the hotel are built over the water in the Indian Ocean in order to reduce interference(干扰)with the natural environment.

The Park Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

Located within a 10-minute car ride from the centre of Hyderabad. The Park Hyderaba's exterior(外部)makes full use of natural light, reducing the need for electricity. Green transportation, bikes and electric cars, is encouraged.

Spice Island Beach Resort, St. George's，Grenada

Owned and run by Sir Royston Hopkin and his family, Spice Island Beach Resort is a luxurious destination for guests hoping to bathe in the natural beauty of the Isle of Spice. It uses solar heating and all forms of energy conservation. Smoking of any kind is forbidden in the areas or the hotel.

1.What's special about Hi Hotel?

A.It puts a ban on cars.

B.It provides green food.

C.It encourages guests to plant trees.

D.It offers employment opportunities to the locals.

2.How does Park Hyatt Maldives Hadahaa protect the environment?

A.It is partly built over the sea. B.It has simply-decorated rooms.

C.It makes full use of natural light. D.It uses eco-friendly cleaning products.

3.Which hotel bans smoking?

A.Hi Hotel. B.The Park Hyderabad.

C.Garonga Safari Camp. D.Spice Island Beach Resort.

假设你是校英文报的编辑李华，请用给来自英国的交换生Eric写一封邮件，感谢他为校报提供稿件。内容包括：

1. 表示感谢；

2. 简要评价其稿件；

3. 希望继续供稿。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Eric,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Journey to the West, is a great classical novel of Chinese literature writing by Wu Cheng’en, in the Ming Dynasty, based on some historical events.

As we know, one of the main character in this novel is the Monkey King, which has a bitter experience during the journey. He helps his master overcome a great many of difficulties to get good results, defeated the monsters. Many readers like him for her kindness, courage and magical power. So did I.

This book has great influence on my life. Now I’m not afraid of failure and whenever I am facing with difficulties, I won’t give up easy.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea culture is defined (定义) by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact (互动) with tea, 1. by the aesthetics (美学) of tea drinking. It includes tea production, tea brewing (冲, 沏), tea arts and ceremony, society, history, etc.

Tea ceremony, with 2. (it) roots in the Chinese tea culture, differs among eastern countries, However, it may also differ in preparation, such as in Tibet, 3. tea is commonly brewed with salt and butter.

Different regions also like different 4. (variety) of tea — black, or oolong, and use different flavourings (调味品) such as milk, sugar or herbs, 5. (satisfy) people’s tastes. The temperature and strength of the tea likewise vary 6. (wide).

Due to the importance of tea in Chinese society and culture, tea houses 7. (find) in most Chinese neighbourhoods and business districts nowadays.

Tea culture in China is different 8. that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, on both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to 9. (be) a drink, Chinese tea is used in 10. (tradition) Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.

    An old, disconnected black telephone stands in the town of Otsuchi, Japan. The phone has been ________ by at least 25, 000 people since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. People have come to convey their feelings to ________ loved ones.

Calling it “the phone of the wind”, Itaru Sasaki set up the phone in his garden, on a small ________ with a commanding (居高临下的) view of the calm sea. The garden is ________ to all, and there is a ________ placed by the phone, the fourth such one to be used. Many people have left ________ for their loved ones on the books.

Located on the Sanriku Coast, Otsuchi was ________ by the tsunami (海啸) of March 2011. In the town, 1,285 people ________ or went missing, about 10 per cent of the town’s population.

“Come home ________. From your father, mother and grandparents.”

Sasaki found this message in the autumn of 2013, and eventually ________ the family who had written it. They were ________ their son, who went missing in the ________. The mother expressed her ________ to Sasaki, saying: “I have no idea what I have been doing since that moment. Time has stood still for me.”

Sasaki said messages have ________ as time has passed. People have started to ________ the deaths of their loved ones, ________ things such as “Please watch over us from heaven.”

________ people lost in the earthquake and tsunami, families who lost a loved one in an accident are ________ coming to honor their memories of that person. “The telephone is not ________, but people feel like their departed loved ones are there listening on the ________ end of the line,” Sasaki said.

1.A.visited B.answered C.powered D.borrowed

2.A.lost B.tired C.worried D.frightened

3.A.street B.stream C.hill D.farm

4.A.attractive B.common C.familiar D.open

5.A.key B.photo C.letter D.notebook

6.A.names B.messages C.invitations D.suggestions

7.A.controlled B.polluted C.destroyed D.surrounded

8.A.gathered B.died C.returned D.escaped

9.A.soon B.again C.too D.then

10.A.fed B.joined C.left D.met

11.A.cheering for B.looking after C.searching for D.running after

12.A.accident B.disaster C.campaign D.adventure

13.A.feelings B.concerns C.decisions D.interests

14.A.arrived B.spread C.changed D.disappeared

15.A.avoid B.accept C.studying D.challenge

16.A.teaching B.reading C.studying D.writing

17.A.In addition to B.According to C.In spite of D.Instead of

18.A.even B.also C.still D.already

19.A.used B.affected C.permitted D.connected

20.A.front B.wrong C.other D.near

How to Give Directions

Whether you’re telling someone how to get your house or guiding a stranger to a local museum, you should know how to give good directions.

1. Explain the route based on where the person is coming from. Before you start giving directions, you need to ask the person where exactly they’re coming from. 1.

2. Give the simplest route. While it may seem attractive to give directions to your favorite shortcut, this could wind up doing more harm than good. Instead, give the simplest directions that are least likely to confuse the person.2.

3. Share the safest route. If there are several routes and some of them are especially dangerous, give the safest route. 3. Whether it’s narrow road or a high crime neighborhood, take threats to the person’s safety into consideration.

4. 4. Otherwise, you may give incorrect directions that could get the person lost. Give directions for routes that you’ve taken many times, rather than trying to describe a shortcut or another route you don’t know as well.

5. Warn the person about confusing parts of the route. If there is a confusing part of the route you’re providing, tell the person about it very carefully. 5. Some points of confusion could include roads with little notice and turns that are very slight.

A.Create a map of the route and share it.

B.Don’t suggest routes you haven’t taken.

C.Besides, tell them when to expert the confusing part.

D.As your directions will depend on which way they are headed.

E.Don’t use words, phrases or names which only the locals know.

F.This way, you’ll decrease: the chance of the person’s getting last.

G.As the person you’re advising won’t know the dangers they’ll be driving through.

    It’s late at night, the weather is bad and you’re hungry. Your favorite restaurant is less than a mile away, but you don’t want to leave the house, and you don’t want to pay a $5 delivery fee. So, what do you do? Back in the old days, you would have braved the weather. But those days are coming to an end, at least in Washington, D.C.

A group of about 20 knee-high robots recently has appeared on the sidewalks of the nation’s capital. Their tasks are to bring take-out food from restaurants to hungry customers at home—while keeping the delivery cost to around a dollar.

The robots are European, created in Estonia by a company called Starship Technologies. Each of them is a middle-sized cooler on six wheels, drives at an average speed of about 4 miles per hour, about the speed of a walker. It has lights and a tall, bright orange flag so that it can be noticed by people on the sidewalk.

Here in Washington, Starship has teamed up with Postmates, the online delivery service, and the robots already are completing deliveries around the city.

They move almost silently. They are electric so there isn’t much sound aside from their wheels. Their cameras recognize a lot—including traffic lights and stop signs.

The robots have only been in Washington for about a month, and they’re still causing quite a stir, often getting stopped for photos. A young mother Maria is on the sidewalk, pointing out the robot to her daughter. “It’s super cool,” she says. “But the only thing that concerns me—is it going to put people out of jobs?”

The company does not see robots as a replacement, says Russell Cook, the director of Postmates. “We have people that drive cars, walk and bike, and we see robots as another type of vehicle that helps us offer deliveries,” he says.

1.What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the text?

A.To introduce the topic. B.To express the main idea.

C.To tell an interesting story. D.To offer some suggestions.

2.What do we know about the robots?

A.They can communicate with walkers.

B.They create little noise while walking.

C.They are able to travel at a high speed.

D.They were developed by a US company.

3.Why is the mother worried about the robots?

A.They may be not as safe as expected.

B.They may cause a stir on the sidewalk.

C.They may be destroyed by some people.

D.They may take the place of deliverymen.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.A Leading Online Delivery Company

B.Delivery Robots in Washington, D.

C.C. The Latest Development of Postmates

D.The Growing Concern about Delivery Robots

    Downshall Primary School based in the London Borough of Redbridge is trying a new project called “Bringing Together, Learning Together, Growing Together” that brings elderly people living alone or having certain mental illnesses into the classrooms.

This is the first time a school has hosted a day centre for the elderly who came three days a week with their carers and support workers. Across three classrooms, they spent 20-minute periods with the school’s four-and five-year-olds, doing activities that fit within the national curriculum.

Pam Abner, 71, used to be a primary school teacher. “It can be a little bit boring sitting in the house on your own. It’s nice to come out and meet people and children,” she said.

The projects was brought up by Dr David Hinchcliffe. The early signs are good. “It’s fantastic. Just the looks on everybody’s face,” said Hinchcliffe. “One lady said she could not remember being so happy. She wakes up in the morning and can’t wait to go to school!”

The children taking part in the project at Downshall also benefit. The headteacher, Ian Bennett, said, “We thought it would be a great idea to try this. We’ve had some amazing moments.”

One little boy, who had not spoken since joining the school, spoke for the first time while taking part in the project. “For these children, to have the experience of building a relationship with these elderly members of our community, as well as the opportunity to speak with them and develop their language skills is important,” said Maria Zgouralis, head of early years.

Stephen Burke, a director of United for All Ages, which promotes the development of shared places to bring generations together, said “It’s a win-win for the children and the older people, sharing activities and experiences, and thereby improving health, learning and understanding for all,” and he hoped there would be more such chances for more people.

1.How does the project bring two generations together?

A.By bringing kids to care homes.

B.By building shared places for them.

C.By inviting elderly people to classrooms.

D.By organizing activities for both generations.

2.Who first came up with the idea for the project?

A.Pam Abner. B.Ian Bennett.

C.Maria Zgouralis. D.David Hinchcliffe.

3.What does the underline word “their” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A.The teachers’. B.The children’s

C.The elderly people’s D.The community members’.

4.What does Stephen Burke think of the project?

A.It’s especially helpful for shy kids.

B.It helps kids better plan for the future.

C.It should be more widely introduced.

D.It’s more beneficial to the elderly than to kids.

    A young kangaroo is lucky to be alive today thanks to a pair of New South Wales teenagers.

Nick Heath and Jack Donnelly, both 19, were riding their motorbikes in the bush outside Sydney on Sunday when they came across a kangaroo stuck in the mud.

The boys saw the head of the animal sticking out of the mud at Agnes Banks near the Nepean River in southwest Sydney. The animal was clearly in pain but the boys couldn’t reach it, so they raced home to get some rope. When they returned, Mr. Donnelly tied the rope around his waist and walked into the thick mud to get hold of the kangaroo while his friend then pulled them about 30 meters to safety.

Appearing on Today this morning, the young men retold their experience to save the animal.

“The kanguarwo’s life was important to us so we pulled out all the stops to rescue it,” Mr. Heath said. “We lake pride in what we did. If we see something like that again, we’ll do it all over again,” Mr Heath added.

The animal, while not in great health after being save, was handed to wildlife rescue organization WIRES. It’s believed that the kangaroo was likely searching for water in the dry conditions when it got stuck in the mud.

As for the heroes of the story, they re glad to have been in the right place at the right time to help the animal—and don’t mind the attention it’s brought.

“Yeah we liked it, something different,” Mr. Donnelly told news.com.au.

1.What did the teenagers do on seeing the kangaroo?

A.They walked into the mud to save it.

B.They rode in the bush to look for help.

C.They went back home for some rope.

D.They tried to keep its head out of the mud.

2.What did Mr. Heath mean by saying the underlined words in Paragraph 5?

A.They stopped to think before acting.

B.They tried their best to save the animal.

C.They walked out of the mud without difficulty.

D.They were not sure if they should save the animal.

3.What do we know about the kangaroo?

A.It’s in good care.

B.It’s still in great danger.

C.It nearly died from thirst.

D.It ran too fast to notice the mud.

4.How did the teenagers feel after rescuing the kangaroo?

A.They were delighted and proud.

B.They were worn-out but excited.

C.They were worried about the kangaroo.

D.They were uncomfortable with the attention.

Music Festivals in 2019

Snowattack

Type: Electronic

Where: Les Orres, France

When: January 26-February 2, 2019

Camping: No

Snowaltack is a mid-winter event celebrating electronic music and ski culture. The festival takes place yearly at the Les Ores ski area in France with over 100 kilometers of slope (斜坡) and 19 lifts, giving great pleasure to tourists and music lovers.

Treefort Music Festival

Type: Hip-hop

Where: Boise, ID

When: March 20—March 24, 2019

Camping: No

It may sound strange lo choose Boise in Idaho as the city for such a large festival, but the Treefort festival continues to give us surprise year after year. Treefort takes place the week after another big music festival, South by Southwest, to attract artists on the way back to the northwest. The festival has grown in size to include things beyond music, like film, yoga and beer.

Black Deer Festival

Type: Country

Where: Eridge Park, Kent

When: June 21—June 23, 2019

Camping: Yes

Black Deer is going to bring a great deal of real Americanna and country music to the UK. The new festival promises to bring a wonderful mixture of excitement, experience and love with tasty food and drink, artisan wares (工艺品) and fantastic music.

Noise Pop Festival

Type: Pop

Where: San Francisco, CA

When: February 15-February 25, 2019

Camping: No

The Noise Pop Festival takes place every February across San Francisco. The show also includes activities about art and film along with some of the best musical artists. If you’re planning a winter-time trip, this is a special way to experience the fashion of the city.

1.Which festival should you go to if you are a hip-hop lover?

A.Snowattack. B.Noise Pop Festival.

C.Black Deer Festival. D.Treefort Music Festival.

2.What makes Black Deer Festival different from the other three?

A.It will allow for camping. B.It will last for a whole week.

C.It will bring different musical styles. D.It will include many kinds of activities.

3.What can you do during the Noise Pop Festival?

A.Try an exercise like yoga. B.Go skating to exciting music.

C.Play with country music lovers. D.Enjoy the fashion of San Francisco.

假如你是红星中学的学生会主席李华。一批来自美国的高中生来你校进行了一周的交流活动。现在他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请你写一篇发言稿。主要内容包括：

1.回顾双方的交流活动；

2.谈谈收获或感想；

3.表达祝愿与期望。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头已给出，但不计入总词数。

Dear friends,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Ms. Chen,

I am writing to apply to the position as a student volunteer. I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because of, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability and my confidence in speak English in public.

As the outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Beside, I have such a good command of English that I was an assistant to my English teacher now. Successful, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, that has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.

I am sure that you can perfectly live up to your expectations. I would appreciate if you could take me into consideration.

Yours truly

Lihua

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不得超过三个)。答案写在答题卡上。

Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.  1.(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 2.other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 3.(leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 4.it began to rain heavily. While 5.(make) great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and  died. Then the Johnsons tried  make 6.living without the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the 7.(plant) took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 8.(sell) the wood.

Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 9.people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to 10.That his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

    As a child I was always good at drawing and art. I won ____, got constant attention, and even saw my face in the ____ and on television because of my natural ability to ____.

Most people who ____ to come across something that they are good at are ____ to take it and run with it. Of course, my life was no ____. From teachers, to principals, to family members, ____ seemingly had a ton of advice to give me in regards to art.

All the while, my true desire was ____. I entered poetry, essay, and short - story contests and ____ them all. It was such a contrast from my artistic ____ experience! It was so bad that I ____ a good friend of mine who told me once, “If you are so good at drawing why do you even care about writing? ____ drawing!”

Though well intended, eighteen years later I’m ____ I didn’t take his words to heart. Years went by with me still writing and still occasionally entering ____.It wasn’t until my first year in college that I finally got honorable  ___ in a poetry contest. As a writer I’ve truly ____.

I’m sure there are things in your life that are ____ and yet, rewarding. Endurance (忍耐), especially when it comes to things you truly love is ____. Take some time to devote some more ____ to the “thing” that didn’t come ____ and see what happens.

1.A.praise B.awards C.supports D.success

2.A.street B.school C.newspaper D.book

3.A.draw B.act C.learn D.show

4.A.want B.mean C.agree D.happen

5.A.encouraged B.invited C.developed D.permitted

6.A.perfect B.different C.similar D.lucky

7.A.everyone B.who C.that D.no one

8.A.art B.fixing C.writing D.music

9.A.won B.ignored C.missed D.lost

10.A.interest B.competition C.career D.talent

11.A.had B.made C.found D.met

12.A.Give up B.Take in C.Stick to D.Put away

13.A.glad B.sorry C.sad D.sure

14.A.training B.contests C.articles D.trouble

15.A.appearance B.change C.mention D.name

16.A.forgot B.regretted C.expected D.grown

17.A.challenging B.beautiful C.appealing D.hopeful

18.A.meaningless B.popular C.essential D.painful

19.A.consideration B.energy C.money D.education

20.A.young B.bad C.usual D.easy

Do you want to put a smile on someone’s face? Maybe make their day a little bit brighter? 1. In fact, many things can be done as a part of your normal routine and cost little or nothing. Try out one or more of the following ways today to put smiles on their faces.

2. Handwritten notes that are given to encourage someone, not just for thanking someone for a gift, are rare. That makes handwritten notes even more special. Start a new practice of sitting down and writing an encouraging note on a regular basis.

Take a friend out to lunch or invite him or her to your home for a meal. 3. If you feel like being more adventurous, throw a party for several of your friends.

Deliver a meal to someone you know that is sick or having a rough time. We have all been sick and know the last thing you want to do is being out of bed. There are also times when life is tough. 4.

Ask a friend if you can take care of their kids for a day or an evening. If you have been a parent, you know the value of being able to have a few hours of “adult time” without worrying about the children. 5. Offer to do it when the parents want to relax themselves.

Besides, there is one more way that can’t be ignored. Give a real smile to everyone you meet. You will experience how easy it is to get others to smile!

A. Thank everyone that supports you.

B. Write an encouraging note to others.

C. Helping others will be rewarded with more smiles.

D. Don’t wait to be asked to baby-sit when it is required.

E. It doesn’t have to take much time or money on your part.

F. You can be a great help by providing a meal that can be enjoyed.

G. You will get to know each other even better than you do right now.

E

Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

On the whole,Brooks’ story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’ attempt to translate his tale into science.

1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.

A.illustrate where science can be applied

B.demonstrate the value of Brooks’ new book

C.remind the reader of the importance of science

D.explain why many writers use science in their works

2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

A.Its strong basis.

B.Its convincing points.

C.Its clear writing.

D.Its memorable characters.

3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?

A.Contradictory.

B.Supportive.

C.Cautious.

D.Critical.

4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

A.Problems with the book.

B.Brooks’s life experience.

C.Death of the characters.

D.Brooks’s translation skills.

D

There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.

In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.

In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.

1.We can learn from the passage that ants are ____________.

A.not willing to share food

B.not found around the poles

C.more successful than all other animals

D.too many to achieve any level of organization

2.Ants can use pheromones for______.

A.escape B.communication

C.warning enemies D.arranging labor

3.What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Accept. B.Employ.

C.Play with. D.Fight against.

4.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?

A.Their behavior. B.Their size.

C.Their number. D.Their weight

    Disease spread in many ways. An infected person can cough or sneeze on someone nearby, or they can spread germs through a handshake. But sometimes we pick up germs indirectly. A sick person might leave behind bacteria or viruses when they touch a door handle, for example. But what if those surfaces could clean themselves?

Two teenagers from Hong Kong asked themselves the same question. Now they’ve developed a door handle that can kill germs on contact.

The idea is simple. Every time the door is opened, the movement creates power that starts a germ-killing reaction on the handle. In lab tests, their system killed about 99.8 percent of the germs that they spread onto lab dishes covered with their material.

Research by others has shown that door handles in public areas are often home to lots of bacteria and viruses, notes 17-year-old Sum Ming(“Simon”）Wong. He and schoolmate Kin Pong ( Michael ) Li, 18, wanted to design a covering for door handles that would kill germs.

After doing some research, they learned that a mineral called titanium dioxide(二氧化钛）is known to kill bacteria. It’s already used in many products, from paints to desserts. To make their covering, the teenagers made the mineral into a very fine powder.

Titanium dioxide kills bacteria best when lit by ultraviolet(紫外线的）light, says Simon. UV light is found in sunlight. But UV light does not naturally shine on indoor handles or any used at night, so the teenagers light their door handle from within.

To make sure the light reaches the coated surface, the teenagers made their door handle out of clear glass, Each end fits into a bracket (托架).Inside one of the brackets is a strong light-emitting diode(LED). From it comes UV light.

And here’s the interesting part: The power that makes the UV light shine comes from opening and closing the door. The power from the door is then carried by wire to the LED inside the door handle.

The door handle system, Michael and Simon say, might cost no more than about $13 (about 81 yuan) to build.

1.The ways diseases spread are mentioned at the beginning of the text to .

A.demonstrate how most diseases are spread indirectly

B.remind readers of the importance of cleaning their hands

C.explain how to kill bacteria or viruses effectively

D.help to describe a new invention that prevents diseases from spreading

2.Michael and Simon’s door handle      .

A.is too expensive for ordinary families

B.is powered by the movement of its users

C.works better at night than in the daytime

D.is made of a metal that can take in UV light

3.The LED is placed inside the brackets to     .

A.supply enough power to the handle system

B.produce titanium dioxide to kill bacteria

C.provide UV light to help titanium dioxide work better

D.direct the UV light in sunlight to the coated surface

4.What is the author's attitude toward Michael and Simon s door handle system?

A.Cautious B.Critical

C.Enthusiastic D.Disappointed