The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.

That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.

These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.

We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.

Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.

1.How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?

A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.

2.Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.

A.aim at victims precisely B.damage databases easily

C.start campaigns rapidly D.spread information widely

3.What does the passage imply?

A.Honesty is the best policy.

B.Technologies can be double-edged.

C.There are more solutions than problems.

D.Credibility holds the key to development.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted

B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls

C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous

D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology

    Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

“After all, everyone has bad days and good days,” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”

1.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?

A.Money spent without hesitation.

B.Money not legally made.

C.Money offered without conditions.

D.Money not tied together.

2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?

A.Women tended to be more sociable.

B.The activity attracted various people.

C.Economic problems were getting worse.

D.Young couples needed financial assistance.

3.Why did Bridges carry out the project?

A.To do a test on people’s morals.

B.To raise money for his company.

C.To earn himself a good reputation.

D.To promote kindness and sympathy.

    Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.

A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.

Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”

That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.

1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?

A.Food variety.

B.Eating habits.

C.Table manners.

D.Restaurant service.

2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?

A.To meet with her coworkers.

B.To catch up with her work.

C.To have some time on her own.

D.To collect data for her report.

3.What do we know about Mazoleny?

A.He makes videos for the bar.

B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.

C.He interviews customers at the bar.

D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.The trend of having meals alone.

B.The importance of self-reflection.

C.The stress from working overtime.

D.The advantage of wireless technology.

    During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.

1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.

2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The classification of the popular.

B.The characteristics of adolescents.

C.The importance of interpersonal skills.

D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.

3.What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?

A.They appeared to be aggressive.

B.They tended to be more adaptable.

C.They enjoyed the highest status.

D.They performed well academically.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last

B.The Higher the Status, the Beer

C.Be the Best—You Can Make It

D.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness

书面表达

假如你的朋友向你征求学习英语的方法。请就下面的内容写一封回信。

1．朗读背诵，帮你记忆，养成用英语思维的习惯。

2．多听，多交际，可以提高听说能力。

3．记日记，提高书面表达能力。

注意：1. 背诵learn…by heart；用英语思维think in English

2．词数100左右

3．信的开头已给出，不计入词数。

Dear Simon,

I have received your letter about asking me for the advice about learning English. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes.

Yours truly,

Mary

短文改错

By midday the sun was very strong, Jim was so tired to walk. There was no trees near the road, so he rested under a big rock. After drinking some water, he took his shirt, lying down on the ground and fell asleep at once. He was very tired that he didn’t wake up until the evening. He was just about to jump while he felt something moving near his feet. He looked up and saw a long black snake. Jim was so frightening that he didn’t dare to move. The snake began to crawl (爬) across his legs. It crawled on and on until it was disappeared under the rocks, Jim jumped to his feet, picked up his shirt and ran down the road.

    Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.

Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “peak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees—anywhere at all!

Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.

At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”

1.The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________.

A.use for their schoolwork B.access the Internet

C.work at home D.connect them to libraries

2.Which of the following is true about Westlake College?

A.All teachers use computers. B.1500 students have laptops.

C.It is an old college in America. D.Students there can do everything.

3.A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can ________.

A.attend lectures on information technology

B.travel around the world

C.get information from around the world

D.have free laptops

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A.The program is successful.

B.The program is not workable.

C.The program is too expensive.

D.We don’t know the result of the program yet.

    We often think of future. We often wonder what the world would be like in a hundred years’ time.

Think of space, perhaps a permanent (永久的) station on the moon will have been set up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as tourists. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, permitting long journeys throughout the solar system (太阳系). When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting other planets. Great progress will have been made in medicine, too. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible of all diseases (疾病)— cancer. Pollution is a problem we must solve. In a hundred years’ time it will have been controlled.

The world will have been developed — even Antarctica. There will be large cities in Antarctica. We already have supersonic (超音速的) flight, but in a hundred years’ time we will have supersonic land travel as well.

We will have used up most of earth’s land to build our cities, so floating cities will have been built. The Japanese already have plans for cities of this kind. And there will be cities under the sea. The first of these will have been completed.

1.We will have developed ________ in a hundred years’ time, permitting long journeys all over the solar system.

A.cheap rockets for space travel. B.a plane

C.a spaceship D.a satellite

2.Man will also have supersonic land travel ________

A.in a year B.about half a century later

C.in the year 2005 D.about a century later

3.Which of the following is true? ________

A.There must be a permanent station on the moon in the future.

B.There will be no pollution in the future.

C.There is no cities in Antarctica now.

D.We may find a treatment for cancer in the future.

4.The last paragraph mainly talks about ________

A.we’ll make good use of space on the earth.

B.cities under the sea.

C.Japan will first build floating cities.

D.earth’s land is in danger.

    Suppose you want to buy some new clothes or a new TV. Or maybe you need some work done on your car. How can you find the best price without shopping all over town? Ads can help you. Ads can show you lots of prices. And you don’t have to go anywhere to see them. Just open a newspaper or magazine, and you’ll find plenty of ads.

The following is an ad about TV sets for sale. Please read it and answer the questions below.

1.How many different kinds of TV sets does the store advertise here?

A.Two. B.Three.

C.Four. D.Five.

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?

A.You can buy any kind on July 14th.

B.The service time is 9-9 every day except Monday.

C.The larger the screen is, the higher the price will be.

D.The lowest price is a little more than 300.

3.Which is NOT mentioned in the ad?

A.The price of each TV sets

B.The postcode of the area where the store is.

C.The address of the store.

D.The names of the TV sets.

Mrs Turner’s telephone number was 3463, and the number of the cinema in town was 3464. People often made mistakes and telephoned her when they actually wanted the cinema.

One evening the telephone rang and Mrs Turner answered it. A tired man’s voice came over the phone, “At what time does your last film begin?”

“I’m sorry,” said Mrs Turner, “but you have the wrong number. This is not the cinema.” “Oh, it began twenty minutes ago?” said the man. “I’m sorry about that. Well, good-bye.” Mrs Turner was very surprised, so she told her husband. He laughed and said, “No, that wasn’t a mistake. The man’s wife wanted to go to the cinema, but he was feeling tired, so he telephoned the cinema. His wife heard him, but she didn’t hear you. Now they will stay at home this evening, and the husband will be happy.”

1.When the tired man telephoned Mrs Turner by mistake, she was _______.

A.angry B.not at all surprised C.pleased D.surprised

2.Mrs Turner was surprised because the tired man _______.

A.wanted the cinema but called a wrong number.

B.said something that had nothing to do with her answer.

C.asked her silly questions that she didn’t know how to answer.

D.was angry with himself for having made the mistake.

3.Which of the following is TRUE?

A.The Turners lived near the cinema.

B.Both of the Turners didn’t want to go to the cinema.

C.The man didn’t want to go to the cinema with his wife that night.

D.The man’s wife was angry for what her husband had done.

4.The husband would be happy because he_________.

A.made fun of his wife

B.could enjoy himself alone that night

C.could relax (使休息) himself at home

D.could have a good time at home with his wife

5.By this story the writer intends to tell us_______.

A.that it’s tiresome to answer a wrong phone call

B.that wives are easier to be fooled by their husbands

C.nothing but a joke

D.that it’s wrong for husband and wife to fool each other

    People in most western countries celebrate Valentine's Day (情人节) on February 14th. It is a special time to send greeting cards called valentines to their sweethearts, friends, parents and other family members.

Esther A. Howland of Worcester, Massachusetts, became one the first American manufacturers (生产者) of valentines in 1847. She saw several British valentines and decided to make her own. She used ribbons, lace, flowers and painted leaves on her cards. Today valentines are sold in many stores all over the world and may have messages of love or be very humorous. People also send flowers, candy and gifts to the people they want to remember on Valentine’s Day.

Children in America decorate their classrooms with paper hearts and cupids (丘比特的画), and many hold classroom parties to celebrate Valentine’s Day with their classmates and teachers. Older students may have dances at their schools on Valentine’s Day.

Valentine’s Day in Europe is celebrated in many ways. Children in England sing special songs and receive gifts, candy and money. People may bake special bread with plums (葡萄干) in them. In Denmark, people send pressed white flowers called snowdrops to their friends.

However you decide to celebrate on Valentine’s Day, take some time to tell your friends and family that you love them.

1.What is the main idea of this writing?

A.Valentine’s Day is celebrated on Feb.14th.

B.How valentines are made.

C.Valentine’s Day is a special holiday for friends and family.

D.Why Valentine’s Day is a special time.

2.Where were the first valentines made in America?

A.In Oregon. B.In Massachusetts.

C.In Michigan. D.In Florida.

3.How do people in England celebrate Valentine’s Day?

A.Have dances at school.

B.Receive gifts of fruit, candy and money.

C.Hold classroom parties.

D.Send pressed snowdrops to their friends.

4.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.School children celebrate Valentine’s Day in many ways.

B.People in Denmark send flowers called snowdrops to their friends.

C.All valentines are funny or humorous.

D.Valentine’s Day is not only celebrated by sweethearts.

    In the Ituri rain forest in America live many different tribes (部落), one of _______ is Pygmy. Most of the Pygmies are not taller than four feet. They _______ only about eighty pounds each. In spite of their small size, they are the best _________ among all the jungle people. Even the great elephant can be _______ by them. They can shoot three or four arrows so _______ that often the last one leaves the bow _______ the first has hit its mark. If an arrow should miss its _________, the impatient Pygmy may become very angry, _________ his arrows and step on them.

Since they do not plant any crops, Pygmies are _______ moving around. They seldom sleep in one camp for more than a few days. In their camps there is no ____________ at all except some weapons (武器) such as spears (矛), bows, and arrows. There are ____________ cooking pots either. Food is eaten ____________ or smoked over a fire. So when the tribe moves to a new camp there is ____________ to carry except their weapons and babies too small to walk.

Pygmies can move on the trees almost as skillfully as ____________. Often they travel great distances through the branches without ____________ the ground.

One of the ____________ facts about the small men and women is their appetite (胃口). A Pygmy can ____________ sixty bananas at a single meal ______________ quantities of meat. After eating, they will ____________ on their hard earth bed and groan all night. But in the morning, they are ready to eat the same amount of food all over again.

In spite of the ____________ life, Pygmies are almost always good-natured and helpful. They seldom lie, steal or fight among themselves.

1.A.them B.those C.that D.which

2.A.have B.weigh C.eat D.carry

3.A.players B.farmers C.workers D.hunters

4.A.frightened B.beaten C.caught D.raised

5.A.heavily B.hurriedly C.slowly D.rapidly

6.A.after B.before C.until D.since

7.A.animal B.aim C.eyes D.sight

8.A.got B.put away C.sell D.break

9.A.never B.seldom C.constantly D.hardly

10.A.furniture B.things C.tables D.beds

11.A.some B.much C.no D.special

12.A.uncooked B.burnt C.untouched D.fried

13.A.a lot B.something C.more D.nothing

14.A.birds B.rabbits C.monkeys D.deer

15.A.touching B.feeling C.falling D.seeing

16.A.interested B.surprising C.moving D.known

17.A.get up B.take up C.eat up D.put up

18.A.including B.but C.except D.besides

19.A.lie B.lay C.stay D.kneel

20.A.comfortable B.unpleasant C.hard D.happy

We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.

A.that B.which

C.what D.whom

The tiger, once a ____ animal to humans, is now ____of disappearing on the earth.

A.dangerous; danger B.in danger; in danger

C.dangerous; in danger D.danger; in danger

He was so surprised at the way_________ she spoke to him_______ he didn’t know what to say.

A.which; that B.what; that C.that; that D.that; which

—Won’t you go shopping with your mother?

—Unless she ____ to buy me a new sweater.

A.will promise B.promised C.promises D.is promising

At this time tomorrow          over the Atlantic.

A.we’re going to fly

B.we’ll be flying

C.we’ll fly

D.we’re to fly

The new bridge is ______ the one built last year.

A.three times width of B.three times that of

C.three times the width D.three times the width of

Sir, you ____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

A.shouldn’t B.will  C.won’t D.needn’t

I _____ several magazines in the book shop.

A.looked at B.looked up C.looked through D.looked out

You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.

A.however B.no matter

C.although D.whatever

Neither he nor I ________ able to persuade her to change her mind.

A.is B.are C.were D.am

—What’s your favorite sport?

—Skiing.__________.

A.I get a kick out of it B.I prefer it

C.I choose it D.I’m used to it

Doctor Wang ________ at seven o’clock for the conference, but she didn’t turn up.

A.should have arrived B.should arrive

C.should be arrived D.should be arriving

As for how to promote public education, Professor Li gave us a lot of suggestions which ________ reasonable and practical.

A.appeared B.sounded C.looked D.listened

— The hill isn’t as beautiful as I have expected.

— In fact, it looks better _____ the distance.

A.from B.at C.off D.in

If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.

A.sight B.scene

C.look D.view

假定你是书法爱好者李华，你的英国笔友Sally十分喜欢你的书法作品（calligraphy piece），想向你了解学书法的好处。请你根据下图给她写封电子邮件，内容包括：

1. 学书法的好处；

2. 赠送你的书法作品；

3. 解释作品的含义等。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 结束语已为你写好。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案 填写在答题卡的相应位置。

Cambridge Dictionary has declared "upcycling" as 1. Word of the Year 2019. The word refers to the act of making new items out of old or 2.(use) things or waste materials.

3. number of times "upcycling" has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website 4.(rise) by 181% since December of 2011, 5. it was first added to the online dictionary. In the past year alone 6.(search) for the word have doubled.

Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager of Cambridge Dictionary, believes that the word's recent popularity is being caused by people's growing 7.(aware)of climate change and other environmental issues. “8.(stop) the gradual process of climate change, let alone changing it around 9.  (absolute), can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is a concrete action a single human being can take 10. (make) a difference," he said.

Many other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 reflect the same concern with the effects of climate change, including "carbon sink" and "compostable".

    Ethan Katz enjoys playing with his dogs, McFly and Brooklyn, and often helps his grandma feed and _____ her five dogs. For his ninth birthday, Ethan _____ the idea to sell T-shirts for his favorite ______, City Dogs Rescue in Washington, D.C.

The dogs of Ethan's and his grandma's were _____ from animal shelters. Most shelters have _____ on the number of animals they can care for. City Dogs Rescue _____ dogs from over- crowded shelters. Volunteers, called fosters, care for the animals _____ they're adopted.

Ethan went on a website for T-shirt designing and fund-raising. He typed a（ n） __ about his project, designed a T-shirt, and _____ each shirt at $20. Every time someone bought one, part of that _____ went to City Dogs Rescue.

As word spread, many people bought shirts. "My _____ goal was to sell 75 shirts, and I went _____ that in three days," said Ethan. By the end of his 30-day fund-raising _____ , he had sold 179 shirts and raised $2,640. That money helped City Dogs Rescue save 10 dogs from overcrowded shelters.

But Ethan wasn't finished. People continued to __ City Dogs Rescue about buying shirts. So Ethan decided to __ the fund-raising event for another month. Through T-shirt sales and other ______, he finally raised more than $ 14,500 in all. Dogs in D.C.  are ______ to have him as their friend!

Kids often feel as if they had no say in things, and Ethan _ __ them that they could have a real ______. His love for his own dogs ______ Ethan Katz to help others.

1.A.observe B.sell C.walk D.save

2.A.shared B.changed C.went on with D.came up with

3.A.dog B.charity C.shelter D.event

4.A.adopted B.abandoned C.protected D.kept

5.A.decrease B.attention C.changes D.limits

6.A.refuses B.replaces C.removes D.returns

7.A.until B.after C.because D.although

8.A.email B.phrase C.picture D.paragraph

9.A.paid B.priced C.bought D.donated

10.A.time B.cost C.love D.money

11.A.special B.original C.unique D.final

12.A.for B.into C.above D.after

13.A.show B.drive C.meeting D.organization

14.A.contact B.visit C.promise D.advise

15.A.cover B.start C.direct D.run

16.A.donations B.rescues C.decisions D.discussions

17.A.friendly B.popular C.lucky D.lovely

18.A.guaranteed B.expected C.showed D.judged

19.A.effect B.result C.purpose D.identity

20.A.approved B.inspired C.followed D.adapted