Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.

The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient’s body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.

Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient’s physical problems, but the patient’s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor’s treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton’s method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.

The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton’s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor in the body. In the mental picture, the patient “sees” a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient’s positive attitude fight the disease.

Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.

Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient’s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.

Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.

Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

B.How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

C.Responses from the medical world.

D.How to use the mind against disease.

2.How does psychological therapy work?

A.The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

B.The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient’s problems.

C.The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

D.The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

3.What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?

A.The medical treatment can cure the patient’s mental disease.

B.The treatment of a patient for the body and the mind is necessary.

C.The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.

D.Few patients have emotional response to the disease.

4.It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to _______.

A.help adults overcome the strong pain of some diseases

B.help the patients with chronic diseases

C.help change some bad habits

D.help cure patients of insomnia

    The world has always had to face water-based natural disasters, such as tsunami and hurricanes. In an interview, Water Management Monthly talks to Dan Smith, who works in ‘disaster mitigation’ for a government ministry.

‘Dan, could you tell us what disaster mitigation means?’

‘Disaster mitigation means attempting to minimize the impact of natural disasters both before and after they happen. My department and work in two specific areas in order to try and do this: risk reduction and risk analysis. They are both equally crucial in disaster mitigation.’

‘What do you mean by risk reduction?’

‘Risk reduction means many things. It is not just referring to big engineering projects like dams. Often, small community projects can be the most effective means of risk reduction. The main way floods can be prevented is by the construction and maintenance of earth wall defences, or levees. These block the progress of rising water.

However, even the best levees can’t protect against the destructive power of a tsunami. In this case, early-warning systems are lifesavers. They can let people know as early as possible if there is likely to be flooding.’

‘What types of risk analysis do you do?’

‘Firstly, risk analysis concerns flood mapping, where we identify the parts of the country which are at most risk from flooding. Secondly, there is mitigation planning, which means helping local communities plan for when disaster strikes. Thirdly, we make sure that the country’s dams all work properly and are safe. Although many people criticize dams because of their environmental impact, there are many benefits to them too, such as hydroelectricity, irrigation, water storage, water sports and, of course, flood control. In terms of a cost-benefit analysis, we are definitely ahead.’

‘Do you think countries are better prepared now for natural disasters than they were in the past?’

‘Definitely. We are constantly developing new flood-prevention solutions. An example of one such measure can be found in the UK, with the Thames Barrier. This is an enormous engineering project designed to prevent London from flooding.’

‘Aren’t programmes like that very expensive? What lower-cost alternatives are there?’

‘Flood prevention does not have to be expensive. Sandbags, for example, can be a highly effective way of stopping flood water.’

1.The two aspects involved in minimizing the impact of natural disaster are _______.

A.the construction and maintenance of earth wall defenses

B.flood mapping and mitigation planning

C.risk reduction and risk analysis

D.small community projects and early warning systems

2.Risk analysis includes all the following except _________.

A.ensuring all dams are well functioning

B.developing new flood-prevention solutions

C.assisting communities in planning for when disaster strikes

D.identifying which parts of the country will be threatened by flooding

3.Which can be inferred from the interview?

A.Individuals are better prepared for natural disasters now than before.

B.The city of London is at potential risk of flooding.

C.There are many low-cost flood prevention alternatives.

D.Despite the environmental impact of dams, they bring many benefits.

    If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation--conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水), such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted(稀释) so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

1.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Typical Oceans and Their Respective Features

B.The Causes of the Changes in Salinity of Ocean Water

C.Different Oceans Have Different Salinity

D.The Precipitation and Evaporation of Oceans

2.Which of the following processes will increase salinity of ocean waters?

A.Evaporation B.Precipitation

C.Melting D.Dilution

3.According to this passage, the sea ________ is likely to have the lowest salinity.

A.in tropical areas B.off Antarctica

C.of high rainfall D.with abundant

4.The Weddell Sea _______.

A.is an example of increased salinity in freezing sea water

B.is much larger in area than the Arctic oceans

C.has a much lower salinity now than ever

D.has the denser water in its upper parts

    It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of ______ files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no ______. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped ______ the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God,’ energetically spread both trade and religion by ______ their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends ______ magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and ______.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to ______ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hold onto money or he is ______. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal ______ are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be ______ in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped ______ a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business ______, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought ______ and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. “Willpower and ______ mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such ______ as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,” he said.

1.A.documenting B.consulting C.managing D.persuading

2.A.exception B.mission C.decision D.distraction

3.A.decrease B.rise C.lose D.boost

4.A.introducing B.adapting C.applying D.discussing

5.A.dedicate B.devote C.attribute D.confer

6.A.meeting B.profits C.fasting D.mysticism

7.A.promote B.fire C.dispatch D.employ

8.A.disrespectful B.inflexible C.untrustworthy D.indispensable

9.A.minds B.qualifications C.religions D.presentations

10.A.objective B.compulsive C.decisive D.imperative

11.A.improve B.reverse C.save D.help

12.A.managers B.employees C.companies D.procedures

13.A.expansion B.involvement C.benefit D.experience

14.A.unconscious B.academic C.psychological D.subconscious

15.A.courses B.minds C.approaches D.touches

    There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons 1. (drive). For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do 2. they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant 3. computer literacy. Computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.

Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow 4. free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, 5. while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.

Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future 6. is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase learning to use a computer mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds 7. there is some set of definite skills that, once 8. (acquire), enable one to use a computer.

In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play 9. second game, 10. rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.

语法填空

Once upon a time there lived a painter named Bill. He was a bit 1. (smart) than any other painter around him. In his city there lived a woman who was almost particular about anything.

One day，when the woman 2. (shop)，she saw a vase that she loved very much. She  3. (immediate) paid for it and took it home. She loved the vase so much that she decided to have her house 4. (paint) the same color as the vase. Then she sent for a painter and told him what she wanted to do， 5. the color of the vase was special and the painter couldn’t find the paint of that color. The woman sent for some other painters. But none of them managed 6. (find) the paint the woman wanted. At last，Bill was sent for. The woman told him that she had asked some other painters to do the same work but none did the work  7. (satisfying). Bill promised he’d do the work well. He said he’d go to look  8. paint with the vase so that he’d find the exact paint he wanted. The woman agreed.

Bill then bought some paint that was in the similar color of  9. vase and repainted it. When the woman saw the paint，she knew it was what she wanted. Then Bill 10. (ask) to repaint her house with the paint.

    What's the easiest way to stay warm in the super cold？1.. At least that's what Santa Claus told me.

Over Christmas, Dennis and I went to Finland. We brought back some tips for keeping warm in a cold temperature.

Three layers（层）work wonders.

Start with the base layer, which sits right on your skin: choose something absorbent（有吸收力的）.2..

A sweater is a good choice. The most important layer is the outer clothes, which should be waterproof（防水的）and windproof.

3..

You lose heat from every millimeter of uncovered skin, which was the biggest lesson I learned on the trip. My whole body was well covered. But I missed one spot: my face. So it often felt like the wind was going to blow my nose off.

Exercise and don't just stand still.

When it's cold, exercising may be the last thing you feel like doing, but be smart.4.. When we first got to Finland, we were freezing. But after a couple of minutes jumping around, we felt less cold.

Have a heater.

You may want to turn it on all the way up, but it's best to keep it between 18 and 20 degrees.5.. Remember not to create a huge difference between inside and outside.

A. Grow a crazy beard

B. Cover every bit of your skin

C. The key is what you layers are

D. That will keep you comfortable

E. Don't forget to keep your hands and feet warm, too

F. The middle layer keeps your body heat from getting away

G. Take a walk, faster than your normal speed, and you will feel the difference

   With 10, 600 bicycles in circulation, Paris city officials are hoping the program will provide people with more environmentally friendly transportation.

      It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of the program. Since its launch a little over two weeks ago, Vélib has already seen almost half a million rentals. And, with the addition of 10,000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the next 12 months, city officials expect at least 200,000 regular users by year end. Parisian Olivier Bioret has already gone for a spin on one of Vélib’s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often.

  “It’s a real pleasure—when, like me, you don’t have space enough in your flat to have your own bike—to be able to discover, to cross Paris and not have to take the subway. ”he said．

  As a socialist and longtime green activist, Mayor Bertrand Delanoe regards Vélib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traffic and, thus, lower pollution by 2020.

     Apart from its environmental benefits, Vélib is also being praised as a way of collecting money for the city, for all the money from rentals goes to the city government.

Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles.

     Across the globe, cities such as Barcelona, which stated its bike-share program in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations, and New York, which launched a five-day trial program last month, are using bicycles as a way to cut back on both traffic and pollution.

However, it remains to be seen whether people’s acceptance of these programs is simply a passing fashion or whether this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world.

1.The real purpose of Vélib is________.

A.to help people save money and space

B.to make some money for the city government

C.to provide convenience to both Parisians and tourists

D.to reduce traffic and pollution in the city

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.There will be 700 stations in one year’s time .

B.There will be over 20, 000 bikes in use in a year.

C.In the first two weeks there were nearly a million rentals.

D.There will be 200, 000 regular rentals each day by year end.

3.We can know from the passage that_________.

A.other cities also have such programs

B.Parisians can use the bicycles free of charge

C.Paris sets an example to many other cities

D.Paris is the first city to start such a program

4.As to the future of the program，the author is_________.

A.critical B.optimistic C.uncertain D.negative

单词拼写

1.The ________ (交通工具) mentioned in the book is unknown to me.

2.In Africa，for example，poverty has actually risen over the past ________ (十年).

3.It was ________ (不合法的) to refuse to accept the disabled people as a worker.

4.He buried himself in an ________ (电学方面的) book.

5.There is no point buying him expensive presents and he doesn’t ________ (欣赏) them.

6.When the ________ (发动机) of a car breaks down，it won’t start.

7.Tea，something that people around the world enjoy ________ (消费)，might actually be good for you.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。

With more cellphone companies designing models for children, many parents are attracted to buy their kids phones, and pay the bill. According to a July 2012 study, 56% of parents of children aged 8 to12 have given their children a cell phone. According to a recent YouthBeat survey, 12 is the magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cell phone. But 13% of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. That’s more than one out of every 10 kids.

Cell phone supporters, including many parents, note that cell phones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families, whether to ask for a ride home from football practice or to call for help when stuck in an emergency (紧急情况). Besides, some cell phones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the phone to only be used in parent-permission ways. What’s the harm in that?

However, other people are worried about the effects of cell phones on kids’ health and safety. They believe that sending text messages or fielding phone calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to stay focused，thus resulting in their poor school work. They also say that kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other. “Our brains evolved (进化) to communicate face to face,” says Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, in California. “A lot of this is lost with texting.”

And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks. They worry that radiation (辐射)released by cell phones could be harmful to young people. To be safe, they advise limiting talk time.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假如你（Li Hua）是一名导游，你将带领一个外国旅游团游览广东，请简单介绍广东现在的情况。

基本情况：广东历史悠久，简称粵（Yue），有“食在广东”(Don't hesitate to have meals here)

地理位置：广东位于中国东南部，南临南海，海岸线总长3368千米，岛屿众多。

特点：1.有“水果王国”之称，香蕉、菠萝为其名果；

2.水陆交通便利；

3.有三个经济特区：深圳、珠海、汕头。

注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

2.词数80左右，开头已写好，但不计人总词数。

参考词汇：海岸线coastline；菠萝pineapple；便利的convenient；经济特区special economic zone

Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to Guangdong Province. I'm Li Hua. And I'm more than glad to be your guide.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On our way to the house, it was raining 1. hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 2.(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.

We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5.(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.

When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6.(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7.(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8.(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9.(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10.(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

    All our food comes directly or indirectly from soil. The soil which is dark in colour is humus（腐质土）. Humus includes plenty of useful materials_________from dead plants and waste_________from animals. Soil_________its food. If we do not_________it with any,_________will not grow well on it. Animal_________is the best food for soil, and chemical_________are good, too. A change of crop every year in the same soil will also do_________.

When soil is too_________,winds blow it away, and the land will soon look like a_________. Farmers can prevent this_________growing trees. This will weaken the_________of the wind. After a heavy rain. the_________carries the humus down to the river. This often happens________the fields are on the hillsides. Farmers can level their fields and make them_________.

At the beginning of the 21st_________there have been about 7,000_________people on earth. We now ought to_______every bit of the soil._________,where will such a large_________grow their food?

1.A.died B.made C.brought D.taken

2.A.matter B.gases C.goods D.rubbish

3.A.cats B.needs C.feeds D.enjoys

4.A.give B.produce C.supply D.develop

5.A.man B.trees C.plants D.animals

6.A.body B.blood C.bone D.waste

7.A.poisons B.fertilizers C.powders D.medicines

8.A.harm B.good C.help D.favour

9.A.light B.energetic C.dry D.thirsty

10.A.desert B.lake C.valley D.plain

11.A.from B.by C.off D.with

12.A.noise B.blow C.speed D.force

13.A.wind B.farmer C.tree D.water

14.A.where B.in C.to D.that

15.A.hill-like B.stair-like C.bottom-like D.gulf-like

16.A.period B.century C.history D.dynasty

17.A.thousand B.thousands C.million D.millions

18.A.affect B.use C.save D.share

19.A.Otherwise B.However C.Therefore D.Though

20.A.people B.globe C.population D.number

    It's well-known that different foods provide us with different kinds of energy, and a balance of different kinds of food is good for our health. Here is a general introduction to the main food groups in our daily diet.1.

•Grains

Grains include all of those foods made from wheat, rice and other grain products. These foods provide us with fibre and iron. There are two main types of grains. whole grains and refined（精制的）grains.2.It is important to get different kinds of grains, such as those found in bread and different cereals every day.

•Vegetables and fruits

This group includes. all types of fruits. and vegetables.3.Try to eat lots of brightly coloured fruits and vegetables as they have more vitamins. Try to eat fruits and vegetables everyday, or drink a cup of fruit juice instead.

•Meat products

4.These foods provide us with the protein that our body needs. Try to eat between 6 to7 ounces of meat products so that we can get all the protein we need.

•Milk products

Milk products include those that are made from milk sources, such as cheese. These products provide us with vitamins and minerals, including calcium（钙）and vitamin D.5.

A. This group is made up of meat, fish and the like.

B. Refined grains are lower in fibre than whole grains.

C. Meat and fish contain more protein than other food groups.

D. Knowing about the different food groups can help us keep healthy and fit.

E. Such a group can provide us with basic vitamins, including vitamins B and C.

F. Try to eat or drink milk products every day, like a cup of milk, or 50 grams of cheese.

G. To keep fit, we should know that it is very important for us to eat more vegetables and fruits.

    Camping has a long history in Australia. The country has a long history about it, which is a way of life for people in that country. Although that way of life has mostly died out in the modern country, we must take care to remember it.

There is a long tradition. When gold was first discovered and people came from around the world to find their fortune, many could not afford to stay in a hotel and nor would there have been enough, so they all brought tents （帐篷）and set them up next to their little goldfield. Many people alive in Australia today are born from those people who spent large parts of their lives intents. And it seems to have stayed with us all the way to modern Australia.

In summer, the nation's camping grounds are packed（挤满）with families on holidays. It is a great experience for a kid to lie in a tent where he or she can hear all the sounds of nature. It's a place where they can learn skills like making a fire, cooking and swimming in the water, which they will use for their whole lives.

Of course, things have changed a lot from the early days of camping, when you would carry everything you need on your back. Now there are all kinds of equipment to take with you, from solar panels（太阳能板）for your electric razor（电动剃须刀）to an outdoor shower. In fact, many campsites you see around the country are so decorated that you have to wonder why they are bothered to leave the house at all.

1.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?

A.Australia. B.Tradition.

C.Camping. D.Fortune

2.The second paragraph mainly tells us about          .

A.the history of camping in Australia

B.what the first settlers did in Australia

C.the hotel situations in Australia

D.Australians’ modern way of life

3.What do Australians prefer to do when summer comes?

A.To go fishing. B.To make tents by themselves.

C.To go camping. D.To listen to nature.

4.We can learn from the passage that            .

A.solar panels are necessary for camping

B.things have changed a lot about camping

C.there are lots of goldfields in Australia

D.Camping has already died out nowadays

    Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore, animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.

If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（孢子）. Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants.

1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that            .

A.plants are important to life B.plants cannot grow without air

C.there are many plants in the world D.we can't live without water

2.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Of all living things, animals are the most important.

B.Spores are seeds.

C.All fruits of flowering plants have seeds.

D.Without plants, man will die out.

3.This passage may be taken from          .

A.a medicine book B.a novel

C.a science magazine D.an experiment report

    Suppose you have everything: a good job, good health, good relationships and a lot of money to spend. But still there is something missing from your life. Guess what? The love. It is not something that you should ignore. Life without love is just like a body without soul.

Love gives meaning to life as without love life is meaningless. Lucky is the person who gets love and keeps the flames of love burning forever. It is not a matter of days or months. Love is for life and life is for love.

It is easy to fall in love but difficult to keep the flames of love burning. Before having serious long-term love relationships, be sure that the person you love is also sincere with you. A selfish person can make your life terrible. If this is the case with you then try to get rid of that person as soon as possible.

Most people do not give importance to their love life as they give importance to their professional life. This is a bad choice which ruins the whole life. A balance between the two is necessary in order to enjoy life in its entirety. Do not lose the love you need.

In order to make your life more exciting and enjoyable, you need a loving and caring person with whom you can share your values, dreams, joys and jokes, In difficult times of failure, pain ,or loss of dear ones, this person should stand firm beside you and comfort you in every possible manner.

Love your life and love the person who is in your life. Keep the flames of love burning to live a great life.

1.What's the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?

A.Love is only for life.

B.Life is designed only for love.

C.Life is not separated from love.

D.When you have a good life, you can own a real love.

2.If you want to keep the flames of love burning, you should           .

A.try to get rid of your bad manners as soon as possible

B.make sure that the person you love is also sincere

C.try to find out whether the person you love really loves you

D.make sure that you treat the person sincerely

3.According to the passage, the writer wants to tell us         .

A.to value everything one has

B.to be sincere with the people around

C.to live a life full of love all one's life

D.to avoid being a selfish person

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

最近，在一本英文旅游杂志上刊登了国际空间站(TSS-- International Space Station)将在2020年对游客开放的信息（见下表)。如果有可能（具备足够的时间和金钱)，你是否会去争取成为第一批游客。请谈谈你的理由。

Information About the Trip to ISS

Number of visitors 2 every year

Length of stay 30 days (at most)

Cost $ 27000 per night (stay)

$ 40 million (transport)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

1.新的路标似乎杜绝了可能发生的交通事故。（seem)

2.七十周年阅兵式壮观的景象将永远铭刻在我的脑海里。（impress)

3.由某些如软塑料或金属等材料制成的容器，不适合用微波炉加热食物，这是 常识。（It)

4.不管我们多么强烈地不认同他人观点，尊重其表达的权利和宽容他们的想法 是学校应该鼓励和提倡的价值观。（no matter)

Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Even without ‘assigned’ seating, it is a little surprising how many people always choose the same seat in a classroom or auditorium. Or the same table in a restaurant. After close observation, psychologists believe they have figured out the reason for this behavior.

In one such study, Marco Costa, a psychologist at the University of Bologna in Italy selected two lecture halls for a sample of 47 and 31 students. Costa purposefully chose rooms where there were more seats than students so that they had more freedom to choose where to sit. He set up hidden cameras to record how the students chose their seats over a period of four weeks. As suspected, most students picked the same scat over and over. But why?

Costa calls this habit ''territoriality(领域感).M The word often makes us think of gangs protecting their territory or wolf packs(群) fighting off other packs to control a certain area. In other words, territoriality usually suggests aggression and defense. However, Costa as well as another psychologist, Professor Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, believes that this seat-choosing behavior is designed to keep the peace. “Most of the time，most people claim a space and others quietly agree to it, ” Gifford explained.

The phenomenon of classroom seating selection perhaps shows an even deeper truth. Life can be messy and unpredictable. The reason students go to school is to study. Going to class and knowing where you will sit is just one less thing to distract a student from this greater purpose. In short, sitting in the same place sets students up for a psychologically more comfortable learning environment and makes it easier for them to concentrate on the lecture at hand.

Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Every Little Bit Counts?

One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending). Microcredit is the practice of giving very small, short-term loans to poor people.1. The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses. Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.

Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit.2. Borrowers often have no steady job no other property, and no one to co-sign on the loan - common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere. Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right, and with a 98% repayment rate, it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.

Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations. How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable! However, recent studies question how effective microcredit really is. Critics say that poor people with enoughentrepreneurial(创业的) drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway. Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans，which aren’t always used for businesses. 3. And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women，some say the loans aren’t causing any measurable improvement in women’s lives.

The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting: that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. 4. Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.

A. They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.

B. In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.

C. Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.

D. They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.

E. Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.

F. It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.

    Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds(杂草）killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.

Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that the 24-hour rhythms of plants leave them more defenseless to herbicides(除草剂) at different points in their daily 24 hour cycle.

They believe the findings could help farmers by reducing crop loss and improving harvests. And gardeners could benefit from knowing which weeds respond better at certain times of the day. In recent years, pesticides and herbicides have been implicated in the decline of important pollinating insects, such as bees.

Dr Antony Dodd，senior author of the new study，said: “The research suggests that, in future, we might be able to improve the use of some chemicals that are used in agriculture by taking advantage of the biological clock in plants.

Just like humans, plants have evolved to take advantage of cycles of night and day, with certain biological processes turning on at different times of the day.

Scientists have discovered that many drugs work much better in humans if they are given at specific hours. Aspirin, for example, has doubled the impact on thinning the blood if taken at night as opposed to in the morning. The process is known as ‘chronotherapy’ and researchers wanted to find out if the same concept could be applied to plants.

Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores(气孔) are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour. At the break of the day, plants are also not busy producing food throughphotosynthesis(光和作用）.The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at dusk.

The air is also likely to be stiller at dawn and dusk, meaning that pesticides or herbicides are less likely to be blown away to places where they are not wanted. Pesticide labels often warn against spraying on windy days in case they endanger people or animals. Many insects are active early in the morning and around dusk, also making very early morning and early evening effective times for insecticide.

Commenting on the study, Dr. Trevor Dines, Botanical Specialist at the conservation charity Plantlife, said: “This is fascinating research which will be of great interest to many gardeners like me. If anything used to think the opposite was true - that applying herbicides and pesticides late in the day would be better as they’d remain in Vet contact' with the plant for longer in the cool of the night and therefore be taken up or absorbed more effectively. This research knocks that assumption on its head”

1.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “implicated in” in the third paragraph?

A.restored to B.blamed for

C.limited to D.composed of

2.According to the research, what are the reasons for using herbicides in the morning?

A.The process of photosynthesis is most active in the morning.

B.Insects are more defenseless in the morning than any other time of the day.

C.Bigger pores on the plants make herbicides work more effectively.

D.The stronger morning wind blows pesticides away to more places.

3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Gardeners were interested in combining science with gardening.

B.A long time had passed before herbicide was applied in farming.

C.The old assumption about the use of chemicals proved right.

D.Many gardeners used to spray herbicides at the wrong time.

4.What is the main idea of this article?

A.New chemicals have been found to help kill harmful insects.

B.Biological clock of plants could help gardeners use less weed killer.

C.Plants’ cycles can be taken advantage of to improve the environment.

D.The research on the effects of pesticides has enabled good harvests.

    A family in Edinburgh has discovered that an old chess piece they kept in a drawer for 55 years is a long-lost part of a medieval(中世纪的）chess set. The piece was bought by their grandfather for £5 from an antique dealer in Edinburgh in 1964. It is estimated that it could now sell for £ 1 million at auction(拍卖). It is one of five missing pieces from the Lewis Chessmen, a set of medieval chess pieces that were found in a sand hill on the Isle of Lewis, off Scotland’s west coast, in 1831.

The piece is 8.8 centimeters tall and made from walrus ivory, a rare material in those days. It is warder, which is a prison guard, with a helmet, shield and sword. This piece would be the same as a rook(车), or castle in a modern chess set.

The family, who don’t want to make their name public, explained how their grandfather was unaware of the piece’s importance when he bought it in 1964. After he died, it was looked after by his daughter, who believed that it had magical qualities. They finally realized how important the piece was when it was examined by Alexander Kader, an expert at Sotheby’s auction house in London.

The Lewis Chessmen are famous all over the world. The set is split between the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the British Museum in London, attracting lots of visitors. They are thought to have been made in Trondheim, Norway, between AD 1150 and 1200, and were probably buried on Lewis for safekeeping on their way to being sold in Ireland. Nobody really knows for sure why they were buried there or how they were discovered.

The piece will go on display in Edinburgh and then London before its auction on 2 July. It is expected to either be bought by, or loaned to, a museum. Kader says there are still four missing pieces out there, “However, it might take another 150 years for one to show up.”

1.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lewis Chessmen?

A.It has a history of 55 years. B.It consists of 5 missing chesses.

C.It is made from walrus ivory. D.It is the equivalent of a rook.

2.People are most likely to see the Lewis Chessmen _________ .

A.in a sand hill B.in the museums

C.in a family drawer D.at an auction house

3.Why did the daughter keep the chess piece for so many years?

A.She was honoring her late grandfather’s wish.

B.She knew it had certain historical value.

C.She didn’t want to make its existence public.

D.She thought it had some mysterious power-

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Where the chess piece will end up remains to be seen.

B.The other four missing pieces will eventually surface.

C.The family expects the piece to be sold to the museum.

D.The auction will attract many private collectors in Scotland.

    It has been one of the deadliest climbing seasons on Everest, with at least 10 deaths. And at least some seem to have been _________.

The problem hasn’t beenavalanches(雪崩）, blizzards or high winds. Experienced climbers and industry leaders _________ too many people on the mountain, in general, and too many inexperienced climbers, in particular.

Fly-by-night adventure companies are taking up untrained climbers who pose a risk to everyone on the mountain. And the Nepalese government, _________ for every climbing dollar it can get, has issued more permits than Everest can safely _________, some experienced mountaineers say.

Add to that Everest’s unmatched _________ to a growing body of thrill-seekers the world over. And the fact that Nepal, one of Asians poorest nations and the site of most Everest climbs, has a long record of bad regulations and mismanagement.

To reach the peak, climbers _________ every pound of equipment they can and take with them just enough cans of compressed oxygen to make it to the top and back down. It is hard to think straight at that altitude（海拔）.

According to the climbers, some of the deaths this year were caused by people getting held up in the long lines on the last 1,000 feet or so of the climb, unable to get up and down fast enough to _________ their oxygen supply. Others were simply not fit enough to be on the mountain _________.

Nepal has no _________ rules about who can climb Everest, and experienced climbers say that is a direct reason for _________. “You have to reach certain standards to do the Ironman,” said Alan Arnett, a remarkable Everest climber. “But you don’t have to _________ to climb the highest mountain in the world? What’s wrong with this picture?”

The last time 10 or more people died on Everest was in 2015, during an avalanche. By some measures, the Everest machine has only gotten more out of _________. Last year, experienced climbers, insurance companies and news organizations _________ a far-reaching scheme by guides, helicopter companies and hospitals to trick millions of dollars from insurance companies byevacuating(疏散) climbers with _________ signs of altitude sickness.

Despite all the problems, this year the Nepali government issued a record number of permits, 381, as part of a bigger _________ to commercialize the mountain. Climbers say the permit numbers have been going up steadily each year and that this year the traffic jams were heavier than ever.

1.A.recognizable B.sustainable C.avoidable D.feasible

2.A.burden B.blame C.border D.balance

3.A.hungry B.critical C.jealousy D.hesitant

4.A.favor B.extend C.grant D.handle

5.A.appeal B.adjustment C.adaption D.agreement

6.A.catch sight of B.make use of C.get rid of D.take hold of

7.A.remove B.refill C.recycle D.release

8.A.for the first time B.at long last C.from time to time D.in the first place

9.A.strict B.social C.scientific D.creative

10.A.discomfort B.decay C.disadvantage D.disaster

11.A.manage B.qualify C.promise D.schedule

12.A.contact B.touch C.control D.power

13.A.activated B.exposed C.introduced D.dismissed

14.A.inferior B.minor C.superior D.major

15.A.push B.prospect C.pattern D.patent

Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases

Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills 1. rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, 2.they come across more products.

In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and 3.they looked at. Their receipts were then used 4.(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average £33.73 compared to an average of £23.91 for those who did not.

A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, 5.(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of £36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average £36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to £25.59 on 13.22 products.

Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath’s School of Management said: “Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, 6.we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect.” The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you’ll part 7..

“So if you’re trying to budget, 8.(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone 9.that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus.” Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their 10.(plan) lists.

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Growing up on a small farm，I lived a life that I took for granted. My father worked in the city as a plumber(水暖工). He was not highly educated，but he was smart，looking at problems in an engineer’s way. He was a man made of leather，brass and chewing tobacco who tried to teach my brother and me useful things，including respect. He also had a temper and was strict with us for he would scold us when we made some careless mistakes. Sometimes，my father seemed like a distant enemy to me and I didn’t like him very much.

One day I came home from primary school and his car was already there. Once inside，I was told by my mother that he didn’t feel well. His back hurt. My father never missed work；in fact，when he came home，he went to the barn to work even more. I remember looking at him secretly around the corner as he lay on his bed in the middle of the day.

Later，my mother told me he got multiple myeloma (多发性骨髓瘤)，a type of blood cancer. As the cancer grows，the person will shrink because the disease destroys the body’s energy and the abnormal antibodies cause problems for other cells and tissue. Bones eventually look like Swiss cheese，and when they break，they may never heal. But I didn’t realize that my father’s time was rather limited and just treated him the same way I used to.

For the last year of my father’s life，his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his chair to sit and think. He was predictably in that chair when I came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and brother were，but the two of us were alone.

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：

He asked me to sit down and what he told me still moves me these decades later.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

At that moment，I realized that he was doing more than telling.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What to Do when Someone Doesn’t Like You

When someone tells me, “I don’t care if people like me,” they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.

As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connections, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to breakouts of depression. 1.

The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, “What am I feeling?”.  2. Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.

3. When you sense yourself being shut out or feel defensive, ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you. Does he truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.

When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve (减轻) the stress. 4.

Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters. 5. If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person? And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of whether someone likes you or not.

A. If you can, look the person in his eyes.

B. Do you feel any fear or anger in your head?

C. Ask yourself what is true about the situation.

D. Often people do not realize the impact of their words.

E. Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life?

F. The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.

G. This will help you relax at present and take you out of your trembling mind.

单词拼写

1.I’ve known him for years，and I trust his ________ (判断).

2.The following is a________ (总结) of our conclusions.

3.His mother－in－law is an expert at food science and ________ (营养).

4.To be frank，I will choose teaching as my ________ (职业) in the future.

5.The ________ (大多数人) of the people present at the meeting are in favor of banning smoking.

6.She ________ (最初) thought of donating all of her organs to save others’ lives，but failed to do it because of her serious illness.

    Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents. However，it is not true．1.If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents，don’t worry about it．Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap(消除代沟)．

2.Don’t get to your parents when you are angry．Your parents possibly won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off.

Try to reach a compromise(和解). 3.You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.

Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect to them. 4.

Talk about your values(价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. 5. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.

A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try.

A. Don’t argue with your parents.

B. Tell your parents what you care about, and why.

C. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy.

D. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.

E. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something.

F. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.

G. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.

    There was a boy in India who was sent by his parents to a boarding school(寄宿学校)．Before being sent away this boy was the brightest student in his class．He was at the top in every competition．He was a champion．

But the boy changed after leaving home and attending the boarding school．His grades started dropping．He hated being in a group．He was lonely all the time．And there were especially dark times when he felt like killing himself．All of this was because he felt worthless and that no one loved him．

His parents started worrying about the boy．But they did not know what was wrong with him．So his dad decided to travel to the boarding school and talk with him．

They sat on the bank of the lake near the school．The father started asking him casual questions about his classes, teachers and sports．After some time his dad said, “Do you know son, why I am here today？”

The boy answered back, “To check my grades？”

“No, no, ”his dad replied．“I am here to tell you that you are the most important person for me．I want to see you happy．I don’t care about grades．I care about you．I care about your happiness．YOU ARE MY LIFE．”

These words caused the boy’s eyes to fill with tears．He hugged his dad．They didn’t say anything to each other for a long time．

Now the boy had everything he wanted．He knew there was someone on this earth who cared about him deeply．He meant the world to someone．And today this young man is in college at the top of his class and no one has ever seen him sad！

Thanks a lot, dad．YOU ARE MY LIFE．

1.The father went to the boarding school to       ．

A.know if his son was still the best student

B.find out what was wrong with his son

C.ask some questions about his son’s classmates

D.talk with the boy’s teacher about his grades

2.If we say the questions are casual, we mean they are       ．

A.unimportant B.strange

C.special D.difficult

3.Why were the boy’s eyes filled with tears when he heard what his father said？

A.Because his father didn’t care about his grades any more．

B.Because he hadn’t had a talk with his father for a long time．

C.Because he had a chance to say his worries．

D.Because he was deeply moved by his father’s words．

4.The passage mainly tells us never to       ．

A.send a small boy to a boarding school

B.care too much about a student’s grades

C.pay no attention to the power of caring

D.miss the chance to say thanks to our fathers