There is really no obvious____that Justin was taken by aliens.

A. defense    B. evidence    C. effort    D. arrangement

---Are you going to Australia for the coming winter holiday?

---Yes. I am making the bookings. It is exciting to think about that I ____a sun-bath on the beach soon.

A. am enjoying    B. will be enjoying

C. have enjoyed    D. will have enjoyed

Our headteacher____for months to make sure that we understand the importance ofconcentration.

A. tried    B. was trying    C. has been trying    D. is trying

Nothing happened____they got the photo developed, When they looked at the photo, they saw something hanging from the tree.

A. since    B. until    C. when    D. unless

Below the mountains, the sunshine reflects on the many lakes,____makes them shine likediamonds against the rich countryside.

A. as    B. that    C. which    D. what

____the suggestions offered above, and you will look and feel much better in no time at all!

A. Following    B. Followed    C. To follow    D. Follow

When you go____honey, you must expect to be hurt by bees.

A. in search of    B. in face of    C. in place of    D. in need of

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.What is the purpose of the speech?

A. To forbid smoking in public.

B. To warn people of cancer.

C. To protect people from illnesses.

2.Why is secondhand smoke a killer?

A. It causes environment change.

B. It causes illnesses and diseases.

C. It causes more people to smoke.

3.Why is smoke-free environment important?

A. It leads more smokers to quit smoking.

B. It allows people to use nicotine chewing gum,

C. It cures people of different diseases and illnesses.

4.How does the speaker make the speech convincing?

A. By telling stories.    B. By giving examples.    C. By providing statistics.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Why is Dad proud of the girl?

A. She is ready for everything.

B. She is studying for a university degree.

C. She has already saved much money.

2.Why does Dad think Business is a good major for her?

A. It makes her different from others.

B. It allows her to realize her dream.

C. It offers her many future possibilities.

3.What made the girl change her major?

A. To work with nature.

B. To be together with Todd.

C. To get a great salary in future.

4.How does the father feel at the end?

A. Proud.    B. Annoyed.    C. Frightened.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What are the two speakers doing?

A. At work.    B. At church    C. On holiday

2.When is the Cathedral open?

A. In the daytime    B. Before lunch.    C. From one to five.

3.What will they do today?

A. Go on a picnic.    B. Go to a museum.    C. Go to a garden.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How did the man advertise his business?

A. Among customers.

B. In movies and games.

C. In newspapers and magazines.

2.What can we know about the man?

A. His customers made him unhappy.

B. He will advertise his business online.

C. The Internet has harmed his business.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.How does the man find the project?

A. Interesting    B. Hard.    C. Easy.

2.What w,M the woman probably do for the project?

A. Make up a survey questionnaire.

B. Write a report analyzing the data.

C. Find people to fill out the questionnaire.

What does the woman tell the boy to do?

A. Tell the truth.    B. Read newspapers.    C. Question the news.

Why is the woman so tired?

A. She is overweight.    B. She docs too much exercise    C. She is on a diet.

What is the man going to do tonight?

A. Go to the concert    B. Write a report.    C. Stay at home

Where are the two speakers?

A. In the room.    B. At the front desk.    C. Outside the hotel.

Why did the woman feel surprised?

A. The man solved a mystery.

B. The man achieved a high score.

C. The man won a prize.

假设你是李明，你因生病没能按时上交李老师安排的作业。请你用英语给他写一封道歉信，内容包括：

1. 向他道歉

2. 解释原因

3. 保证尽快补交作业。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，但是不计入总词数

Dear Mr.Li

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your student

Li Ming

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。请按下列要求改正：

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

As the development of science and technology, intelligent robots will be wide used in the future. In families, robots will help people do some housework and taking care of the elderly, babies and patients. In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercises with people. In factories, robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents.

Generally speaking,robots will change our future life in many ways, what will make it more colorful and comfortable. Therefore, we shouldn’t depend on intelligent robots too much, for they were made to help humans rather than replace us. As helpers of we humans, robots should be used properly.

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或使用括号中单词的正确形式填空。

It does not mean the end of the world for someone to become disabled. One day when I turned on the radio, I didn’t hear anything. But I wasn’t born deaf. The doctor said I lost my 1.(hear). I had to go to a special school, 2.I won a scholarship to the US. We were taken to different communities, volunteering there and teaching them about my country and culture. The love of volunteering came to me from then.

In Africa, deaf people 3.(be) more likely to be from disadvantaged backgrounds. Often, untrained teachers are posted to teach at deaf schools. So there’s a lack 4.knowledge and basic skills. I gathered deaf 5. (youth) to meet every Sunday for volleyball matches. I established a maths club and dance club that became 6.(fair) popular. I 7.(name) “Deaf Role Model” in 2016 during International Deaf  Awareness Week. I want to set 8.good example for deaf children. I told them my story. I told them that they could have many talents, like dancing. I told them to close their ears and feel the music.

My parent inspired me 9.(become) the best teacher. I know he is very proud of me. I want people to know that even though my life has been challenging, I 10.(overcome) it by now.

I never thought of not being blessed by God. I just wonder at the way God knows when to send a special gift of encouragement to us, at just the right time! It might be in a dream, a memory, or something we ___that we had forgotten about.

Summer after summer I____staying with my grandparents as a young child. Grandma was always using her hands for something ____she would make little sandwiches and we’d have tea parties; she’d plant flowers and ____them with care and we’d have a____yard. I remember the small thimble (顶针) she would use while doing her needle work. Placing her thimble on her finger she would ____: “I wouldn’t want to____without one.”

A few years ago when grandma left this earth for her ____residence in Heaven, I bid farewell to a ____grandmother. I ___her very much, but I noticed it mostly on a birthday, as there was no card from grandma. She had never__my birthday!

On one particular birthday when I was feeling a little ___, something happened to make me feel like she was ___that special day with me. I was arranging some colorful ___that she had made, and suddenly I felt something small and hard inside one pillow. I ___moved the object to a seam (接缝) that I opened, and to my___, there out came a___silver thimble!

How happy I was to find something that had been a part of her! I carefully ___the thimble alongside the others I’ve ___over the years, where I could continue to see the gift God chose to___to me.

1.A. found    B. wondered    C. imagined    D. enjoyed

2.A. avoided    B. tried    C. promised    D. insisted

3.A. awful    B. exciting    C. frightening    D. puzzling

4.A. record    B. tend    C. deposit    D. explore

5.A. funny    B. shabby    C. sweet    D. peaceful

6.A. blame    B. complain    C. remark    D. swear

7.A. cheer    B. pray    C. retire    D. sew

8.A. new    B. temporary    C. official    D. familiar

9.A. loving    B. strange    C. quiet    D. stubborn

10.A. sympathized    B. missed    C. worried    D. owed

11.A. attended    B. recognized    C. tolerated    D. forgotten

12.A. tense    B. low    C. eager    D. awkward

13.A. welcoming    B. resisting    C. sharing    D. connecting

14.A. bags    B. flowers    C. cards    D. pillows

15.A. abruptly    B. firmly    C. carefully    D. regularly

16.A. sorrow    B. delight    C. embarrassment    D. disappointment

17.A. fresh    B. tiny    C. dirty    D. imported

18.A. submitted    B. abandoned    C. bid    D. settled

19.A. exchanged    B. bought    C. collected    D. wasted

20.A. send    B. subscribe    C. lend    D. post

It appears that there is never enough time for many senior school students. Here are several steps you can take to organize your time better.

First, a to-do list is a must every day. It makes it easy to plan any of the activities or meetings you may have in addition to homework. Be sure to set priorities (优先的事物). 36.1.

Make use of spare time wisely. Do you have study hall(自修时间) ? Instead of wasting that time, read a book or do homework. 37.2. If a friend asks you to do something and you have homework to do, realize which is more important and see your friend later.

Decide on the time that is good for you to do certain things. If you are more of a morning person, try getting up an hour earlier and do schoolwork before school. Review your notes every day. 38.3.If you spend a few minutes at the end of every day going over what you learnt, it will mean less time studying when it is time for the exam.39.4.Studies have shown that getting enough rest helps your memory. When you are tired, everything seems more difficult. It is best to stay on a regular sleeping cycle as much as possible.

Tell your friends and family about your work timetable. Explain that you will be working at certain times and ask them not to disturb you. 40.5.You can call your friends later.

A. Also, do not be afraid to say "no".

B. Do the most important tasks first.

C. Get a good night's sleep.

D. Set goals for yourself.

E. You should finish your task on time.

F. Don't wait until just before a test to try and remember everything.

G. Don't take phone calls during the time you set aside for work.

Human beings are in for a double treat in January with the appearance of two supermoons. The first one rises on the night of New Year’s Day. The second comes on the last night of the month, ending up with a lunar eclipse (月食). That is the end of a trilogy (三部曲) of big moon treats that began in Dec. 3 with a full cold moon. The Jan. 1 supermoon will be the biggest of the year. The moon will appear to be oversized for a few nights after that, though it will no longer be a full moon.

A supermoon is a full moon that appears at the closest point in the moon’s orbit to earth, about 14 percent larger and 30 percent brighter than full moons that appear at the farthest point in the orbit. Supermoons hang around all night, are easy to see and are not damaging to the eyes, no matter how long you moon-gaze.

For those who may miss the night of Jan. 1, an even more charming supermoon will rise on the night of Jan. 31. That will be the second full moon of the month, which is usually called a “blue moon” because a double full-moon month occurs essentially once in a blue moon—about every 2.5 years. A blue moon is even rarer when it’s a supermoon. But that won’t be the only rarity that night. The super blue moon will also occur during a total lunar eclipse. If skies are clear, the total eclipse will be visible from eastern Asia across the Pacific Ocean to western North America.

Lunar eclipses make moons appear blood red because of the way the blocked sunlight bends, when the earth moves between the sun and the moon, blocking the sun’s light from reflecting off the moon. So prepare yourself for the super blue blood moon on the night of the lunar eclipse. To get the full effect of the lunar eclipse, watch at moonset.

1.What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. The lunar eclipse.    B. The New Year’ s Day.

C. The biggest supermoon.    D. The supermoon of Jan. 31.

2.What can we learn about the supermoon on Jan. 31 from the text?

A. It will begin with a lunar eclipse.    B. It will be a super blue moon.

C. It will be observed all over the world,    D. It will be the biggest moon of the year.

3.What does the author advise observers to do about the lunar eclipse on Jan. 31?

A. Film the whole lunar eclipse with mobile phones.

B. Decide the spot first when they watch it.

C. Watch it when the moon sets.

D. Prepare sunglasses because the moon is too bright.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Supermoons with A Lunar Eclipse    B. The Definition of A Supermoon

C. Double New Year Supermoons    D. The Rarity of the Blue Supermoon

Five and a half billion people across the world live without a household toilet. Hundreds of millions of people are using facilities that are unhealthy and more than a billion people defecate (排泄) in the open.

Michael decided to take action in response to what is one of the world’s greatest public health crises. He invited 32 health workers from 16 communities in the southern Highlands of Madagascar to attend a training to organize communities to completely wipe out open defecation.

After completing the initial training, the 32 health workers returned to their towns and got to work. They met with their community and began to map out their town. Together they toured the area and pointed out every spot where people often defecate. Many of them became embarrassed after realizing the high amount of human waste in their community. They then continued to make a bill for the total costs of trips to the local health center when being treated for gastrointestinal (肠胃的) diseases. They quickly began to realize the financial involvement, besides the health risks of open defecation.

The communities began to solve the problem on their own. They considered ways to reduce the cost, by using local materials. Bamboo fences were suggested as an alternative to wooden fences. Mud could be used to build walls instead of bricks. Before Michael starting his project, 267 toilets existed for the 6,700 people living in the communities Michael aimed to reach. It was not enough at all. More than 300 additional toilets were built. He was pleasantly surprised by the enthusiasm he saw from the community towards making open defecation less.

1.What is the purpose of Michael’s project?

A. To change some people’s living traditions.

B. To help all people in poverty in the world.

C. To develop professional skills of health workers.

D. To rid many people of the habit of open defecation.

2.What motivated the communities to build toilets?

A. Michael's healthy trainings for the locals.

B. Health workers' suggestions on defecation.

C. Too many spots where people often defecate.

D. The cost on diseases caused by open defecation.

3.What do many of the locals think of open defecation after mapping out their town?

A. They take it for granted.    B. They view it as a shame.

C. They think it unimportant.    D. They value it as a tradition.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The cost of toilets will become higher.

B. Open defecation will become less and less.

C. Most locals are still defecating in the open.

D. The locals are enthusiastic about open defecation.

Facial recognition is becoming increasingly common in China, where it has been installed at ATM machines and KFC restaurants. Now the technology has arrived in university classrooms to track student attendance.

Shen Hao, a professor with Communication University of China, is using facial recognition in his six courses to keep track of the attendance of more than 300 students.

Before every class, Shen activates a new attendance system installed on his tablet computer. Students stand in front of the screen one by one to have their photos taken and matched with those in the school’s database.

The system is based on facial recognition technology from Chinese Internet giant Baidu’s open AI platform. Currently, the platform has offered more than 80 different technological services to the public, helping program developers like Shen to develop their own applications.

“The traditional way of tracking attendance is through a roll call. The new system saves time and reduces the workload of teachers,” said Shen.

Students have joked that facial recognition is harsh as it doesn’t allow for skipping classes. “But they support the technology to enter colleges,” said Cui Yuqin, a student majoring in data journalism with the university.

China’s Forward-looking Industry Institute said that the facial recognition market in China surpassed 1 billion yuan (about 150 million U.S. dollars) in 2016 and is expected to hit 5.1 billion yuan by 2021.

Facial recognition technology has already been put to creative use. Beijing’s Temple of Heaven has used it in toilets to deter toilet paper theft. In eastChina’s Jinan, traffic police installed facial scanners at intersections to catch and shame jaywalkers, and a Beijing university has used the technology to guard its dorms.

1.What are the advantages of using facial recognition in college courses?

a. It makes it difficult for students to skip classes.

b. It helps students to attend classes easily.

c. It helps save time in classes.

d. It can make teachers match students’ names with their faces easily.

e. It reduces teachers’ amount of work.

A. abc    B. ace

C. bcd    D. bce

2.What does the underlined word “harsh” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A. severe.    B. easy.

C. harmful.    D. wonderful.

3.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Facial recognition encourages the development of modern technology.

B. Chinese university uses facial recognition to track student attendance.

C. Baidu’s open AI platform has offered facial recognition technology.

D. Facial recognition technology has many advantages over traditional services.

Are you hunting for a job? The China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation with utilities(水电费) paid for, 90 per cent medical reimbursement, a seven-day paid leave, eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.

Senior Business Editor

You must:

※assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;

※be an excellent team person who can create ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff;

※ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails;

※have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.

Senior Copy Editor

You must:

※work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

※edit or rewrite copy and give concise headlines and captions;

※have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.

Copy Editor

You must:

※be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing concise headlines and captions;

※be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

※have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software.

Graphic Designer

You must:

※have excellent skills in information graphics;

※be good at illustrations and freehand drawings;

※be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts;

※have a good sense of typography;

※have good news judgment;

※be well-versed with Macintosh software, including In Design, Illustrator and Photoshop;

※be fluent in English.

For enquiries or to apply, write to job @ chinadaily.com.cn.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The employees have to pay for their own food and accommodation.

B. The workers there can enjoy a seven-day leave without pay.

C. The employees have the right to enjoy eleven-day public holidays.

D. The senior business editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.

2.How many positions need editing experience?

A. One.    B. Two.

C. Three.    D. Four.

3.Which can be the title of the advertisement?

A. China Daily: New Employees Wanted

B. China Daily: Newspaper

C. China Daily: An International Team

D. China Daily: The Best Working Condition

4.What is NOT required about Graphic Designer?

A. Be well-versed with Photoshop.

B. Have excellent skills in information graphics.

C. Having a good sense of typography.

D. Writing concise headlines and captions.

请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Li Jiang             1 January, Sunny

It's that time of year again: Time to make New Year's resolutions. It has become a tradition for me and I have carried on it for years. Every time l tick off the resolutions on the list, I am feeling on cloud nine. I know my life has arrived at a crucial stage and 1 will have to go all out in the new year. Now l put down my new resolutions here. Firstly, I need to sharpen my writing skills. Secondly, ...

Su Hua             1 January, Sunny

I felt ashamed of myself when I was reviewing my previous resolutions this morning. I make resolutions every New Year’s Day. However， they DON’T WORK! What happens in January stays in January; it rarely makes it to June, “New Year， New You.” I’ll try again and turn over a new leaf. And this time I am crossing my fingers that my new resolutions will be helpful.

（写作内容）

1.用约30个词概括上面两段文字的主要内容；

2.用约120个词谈谈你的观点，内容包括:

(1)新年表决心的意义，用1-2个理由或论据支撑你的观点:

(2)实现新年决心的做法(至少两点)。

（写作要求）

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

Emojis Catch Fire; Creators Seek IP Protection

Emojis (表情符号)are part and parcel of a great many messages exchanged by users of instant message apps, social media, email and the like. As the latest form of intellectual property (IP) in China, they are turning out to be a money-spinner and also an IP worth further protection in China.

Consider Rumi, a panda-like emoji, which has been downloaded on social media more than 340 million times, representing more than one fourth of China’s entire population. More and more users love to use emojis because they help spice up their messages with slick meanings, moods or states of mind that are best expressed quickly, not in words, but through interesting or funny images.

Not only do they use, they also tip. China^ largest social media platform WeChat told China Daily that more than 6.9 million users tipped emoji artists in 2017, part of nearly 14 million yuan ($2 million) in all. The return can be handsome. Zhang Xuchen, 39, a part-time emoji creator from Tianjin, said that he earned a good income in the tens of thousands of yuan a year simply through tipping from customers, which supplements (贴补)his job as a forklift truck driver.

StarMoly, founded in 2016, is the developer of Rumi. It owns more than 30 emojis, which have been downloaded more than 1.4 billion times. “Driven by the wide use of social media in nearly every corner in China, emojis are undoubtedly a promising IP，” said Lin Dongdong，president of StarMoly. Unlike traditional IPs, the company’s emojis will change their costumes and status according to different situations, which brings the digital-based images alive,

StarMoly has also cooperated with a great number of companies to develop its IPs. It has authorized its emojis to the Shape of Water, an Oscar-winning film, to use them in domestic publicity. “To protect our IPs, we select our partners with great caution. We only choose those well-known and high-quality brands including Lay's, Microsoft, Discovery and Taobao to make sure that our IPs are protected,” Lin said, noting that there are indeed many cases of abuse and piracy in the emoji and its related sectors in China.

“Emojis are very likely to be pirated because most of them are in digital forms, which are very easy to be copied and used again，”said Cheng Yanbo, an analyst. “Besides, it is a brand-new and wild area that is not effectively supervised (监管)

A good example, he said, is the facepalm emoji, one of the country’s most widespread characters. It was recently registered as a trademark by a clothing maker from Zhejiang province instead of the emoji’s creator, WeChat.

“To protect these emoji IPs, related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies，” he said, adding that education on the subject is supposed to keep up.

I’m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories.

I grew up reading British and American children’s books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didn’t finish my dinner, my mother would say，“Finish your food! Don’t you know? People like Fide’s family have nothing.” So I felt enormous pity for Fide’s family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them.

Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.

Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.

So what if my mother had told us that Fide’s family was poor and hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roommate knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget?

My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state schools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

1.What is probably people’s first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality?

A. She mainly eats apples and mangoes.

B. She may not speak fluent English.

C. She comes from a place free of catastrophes.

D. She prefers stories based on foreign characters.

2.The underlined phrase “a mental shift” in Paragraph 2 refers to the writer’s____.

A. discovery of African books with characters of her skin color

B. acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua Achebe

C. realization that not only foreign characters exist in literature

D. change that she started to write about things she recognized

3.How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage?

A. Two.    B. Three.    C. Four.    D. Five.

4.The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story____.

A. matters in keeping listeners well informed

B. tends to convey a prejudiced idea to listeners

C. gets increasingly popular among story tellers

D. fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners

5.The writer lists many “what ifs” in Paragraph 6 to____.

A. emphasize our differences rather than similarities

B. indicate the way that stories are used to break dignity

C. show the hardship of recognizing our equal humanity

D. stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories

6.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. The danger of the single story    B. The importance of telling stories

C. The single stories that matter    D. Stories that can repair broken dignity

When a caterpillar (毛虫)pretends to be a snake to keep off potential predators (捕食者)，it should probably expect to be treated like one. This is exactly what happened in Costa Rica earlier this year, when researchers witnessed a hummingbird defending its nest from what it interpreted to be a snake, but was actually a caterpillar, which was feeding on a leaf above the nest.

These caterpillars resemble flat dried leaves as adults. They can expand the top of their heads to expose a pair of eyespots that discourage potential predators. When disturbed, they raise their head up and move from side to side, increasing the snake-like appearance. In particular they resemble a green parrot snake, known to feed on nesting birds.

Hummingbirds have a few styles of flying: visiting flowers, feeding on some tiny insects, chasing each other， and mating territory (领土)display flights. Mobbing (围攻)behavior directed against a threat to their nest is much less common but easy to recognize if you know their flight behaviors.

The interaction of the caterpillar and the humming birds took place in Costa Rica. The comings and goings of the female hummingbird around its nest may have disturbed the caterpillar, causing it to expose its eyespots, which in turn caused the hummingbird to defend its nest using what is referred to as ‘mobbing behavior’ by birds.

The caterpillar was unable to feed during the 26-minutes of nearly continuous attacks. Most of the bird’s movements were cautious, but included quick attacks to peck or bite the eyespots.

It was difficult for either the bird or caterpillar to withdraw from the standoff (僵局)，with the hummingbird protecting its nest and the caterpillar just trying to finish its leafy meal. Eventually the caterpillar gave up on eating and crawled away while still under attack, and the hummingbird continued normal nesting behavior.

When birds exhibit this mobbing behavior targeting snaked eyes, it often ends with snakes being killed by repeated bites and pecks near the head. As for creatures that imitate snakes to protect themselves from being eaten, can they in turn protect themselves? Because the hummingbird behavior was typical anti-snake behavior, it can be considered replicable (可复制的).

Future studies of this behavior can be conducted using a tiny, caterpillar robot. It should be remote controlled, light enough to attach to a leaf or stem, and wireless. With such a robot, researchers could vary the eye-like nature and contrast of spots on the head of the robot to test various responses of nest-defending birds. A study like this could definitively test the effects of eye-like versus other imitating patterning for exciting the defensive attacks.

And, it turns out that the caterpillar feeds on a leaf on the same plant, as far away from the nest as possible!

1.What do we know about caterpillars and hummingbirds from the passage?

A. They belong to the same species.

B. They are natural enemies of each other.

C. They are insects and birds respectively.

D. They compete against each other for territory.

2.Hummingbirds will show their mobbing behaviors when visitors____.

A. are picking flowers    B. are chasing each other

C. interrupt their eating leaves    D. set foot on their territories

3.Why is neither the hummingbird nor the caterpillar willing to withdraw at first?

A. Because the hummingbird is trying to finish its leafy meal.

B. Because the caterpillar is protecting the hummingbird’s nest.

C. Because they behave in this way out of their own interest.

D. Because there is a green parrot snake watching them.

4.A tiny caterpillar robot can be used to____.

A. imitate the anti-snake behavior

B. test nest-defending birds’ responses

C. take control of the snake’s behavior

D. guard against the defensive attacks