For a bird, to fly hundreds or thousands of miles each spring and fall is a difficult and dangerous journey, one that not all birds can survive. 1. There is more than one single reason for different birds to migrate(迁徙), but it all comes down to survival.

Birds are migrating for a meal.

For all birds, one of the main driving forces behind migration is food. If all birds were to stay in the same places year-round, food there would become not enough. 2. But as the food supplies decrease in the fall, they return to the southern areas.

3.

Over millions of years, birds have developed different migration patterns, times and destinations. This helps birds take advantage of a wide variety of suitable conditions to raise their young, which increases the survival chances of the young birds.

Birds are migrating because of climate changes.

Changes in climate can affect migration. Many birds leave the Arctic for example, when temperatures begin to fall. They need warmer habitats. Similarly, the hottest regions can be an unpleasant environment for raising young birds. 4.

Birds are migrating because of predators.

Habitats that have rich food sources also attract a greater number of predators who may kill birds. 5. Many birds even migrate to specialized habitats that are nearly inaccessible to predators, such as coastal cliffs or rocky offshore islands.

A.So why do birds migrate?

B.Birds are migrating for their young.

C.So how do young birds migrate?

D.Birds are migrating because of diseases.

E.It is beneficial to lay eggs further north in cooler areas.

F.Birds that migrate to different habitats can avoid being eaten by predators.

G.As food sources are rich in the north each spring, millions of birds migrate from south to those areas.

    True happiness lies in rewarding relationships, not material wealth, according to new research. Scientists have said that a close circle of friends and family is most important for happiness, and that owning things such as iPhones, computers, being wealthy and owning a sports car do not provide the same level of satisfaction.

The study was done by psychologists at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Lund University, in Sweden. The experts analyzed(分析) articles in Swedish newspapers published in 2010 and recorded which words most often occurred in the same articles as the Swedish word for happiness. In this way, they could know our common happiness.

Co-author Dr Danilo Garcia, a researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy’s Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, said, “It’s relationships that are most important, not material things that we possess, and this is in line with other findings in happiness research.”

The study, which contained more than 10 million words, showed that terms such as “grandmother” and personal pronouns such as “you”, “me”, “us” and “them” often emerge in the same article as the Swedish word for happiness. Researchers found that words such as “iPhone”, “millions” and “Google” almost never appear with the word “happiness”.

The study is a part of a larger research project on how people describe both positive and negative events in their lives. The researchers believe that the word analysis reflects a common perception among the members of our society as to what should make us happy.

Dr Danilo Garcia said, “Just as the Beatles sang, most people understand that money can’t buy you happiness or love. But even if we can understand the importance of close and warm relationships at a social level, it isn’t certain that everyone is aware that such relationships are actually necessary for our own personal happiness.”

1.New research mainly shows that      .

A.various things can lead to happiness in people

B.having some close friends is very important to us

C.owning expensive things can actually make us unhappy

D.rewarding relationships make us happy instead of material wealth

2.What Dr Danilo Garcia said in Paragraph 3 shows that the new findings      .

A.explain something new

B.are unbelievable to many people

C.prove material things are unimportant

D.confirm previous findings in happiness research

3.Dr Danilo Garcia doubts whether      .

A.money really buys us happiness or love

B.rewarding relationships really lead to personal happiness

C.close and warm relationships are important at a social level

D.all people know rewarding relationships lead to personal happiness

4.How did the experts arrive at their findings?

A.By doing surveys.

B.By doing experiments.

C.By analyzing printed articles.

D.By referring to previous studies.

    Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names. Some of the names reflect the city’s culture or history, others came from previous owners and many were selected through “Name the Team” contests.

For teams like Los Angeles and Utah, the names were not always a reflection of the city. Even though Los Angeles has no lakes, the Laker name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years. Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1948, team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the state’s motto, “The Land of 10,000 Lakes.” The team name went unchanged after moving to Los Angeles in 1960.

Because Utah’s team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the “jazz capital of the world.” The name stayed with the team even after finding a new home in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979.

The Chicago Bull’s original owner, Richard Klein, named the team the Bulls. He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless(不屈不挠的), and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.

Miami chose the Heat from names such as the Sharks, Beaches, and Barracudas. The name Magic was the winner for the Orlando team because the city’s tourism slogan is “Come to the Magic.”

Tradition played a big part in naming the New York Knicks. Chosen by the club’s founder Ned Irish, the Knicks’name was already important in New York's history. The first organized team in baseball history was named the New York Knickerbockers or the Knickerbockers Nine.

In 1967, the Indian Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams. Their decision was based on what they wanted to accomplish in the NBA. Team officials chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the “pace” in professional basketball.

1.Which of the names reflects the culture of the city New Orleans.

A.The Heat. B.The Indian Pacers.

C.The Jazz. D.The Sharks.

2.According to Paragraph 2, we know      .

A.the Laker team was first set up in Los Angeles

B.Minnesota is a state with a lot of lakes

C.Los Angeles is famous for its lakes

D.the Laker team has been in Los Angeles for less than 40 years

3.Richard Klein named the team the Bulls because he hoped his team would      .

A.be as strong as bulls

B.set the “pace” in professional basketball

C.be Number 1 forever

D.keep fighting and never give up

4.How did the Heat get the name?

A.It came from the names of other teams.

B.It was named after Miami’s motto.

C.It was named by its original owner.

D.Its owner came up with the name by accident.

    Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children.

First, music is good for children’s intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music.

Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today’s children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children’s health. Luckily，listening to music can help them feel better.

Music can improve children’s moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don’t take interest in their surroundings. In such cases，a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them.

Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.

Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music.

1.By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show       .

A.Children should listen to music

B.Why adults should listen to music

C.Listening to music is only good for adults

D.Why scientists are interested in music

2.What does the underlined word “impairs” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.shows. B.changes.

C.improves. D.harms.

3.The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means       .

A.Understanding foreign cultures better

B.Learning languages better

C.Accepting the fast developing world easily

D.Showing greater interest in other cultures

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Why do Children Love Music?

B.How to Choose Music for Children

C.Why is Music Important to Children?

D.How to Teach Children Music Easily

3 Days Chengdu Visa(签证) Free Tour

Places: Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding,Jinsha Site Museum,Thatched Cottage of Dufu, Jinli Street

Best Travel Time:Suitable for the whole year; the best months are April, May, September and October.

Price: From $248

Tour Itinerary(行程)

Day 1 Arrival in Chengdu

Arrive in Chengdu, the destination of your trip. You will be met at the airport and then transferred to the hotel for check-in. Enjoy your own free time for the rest of the day.

Meals: Not included

Accommodation: Chengdu

Day 2 Chengdu

After breakfast, we will drive to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding for a half-day close contact with the lovely giant pandas. After that, we will continue to visit Jinsha Site Museum to see the Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty relics.

Details in the Itinerary:

◆At Panda Base, visitors can take photos with small pandas (not included in the entrance ticket, and you need to pay extra expense).

◆You can find more tips on Chengdu Panda Base Tour Tips.

Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

Accommodation: Chengdu

Optional Night Activity: Sichuan Hot Pot (generally 1 hour)

Day 3 Departure from Chengdu

Leave from your hotel in the morning to visit Thatched Cottage of Dufu -the former residence of a famous Tang Dynasty poet. And then, go to Jinli Street to take a leisure walk. After that, we drive to the airport to catch your flight to the next country.

Meals: Breakfast, Lunch

Service Ends

1.The ad is most probably intended for       .

A.Japanese tourists

B.American tourists

C.Chinese tourists from Hong Kong

D.Chinese tourists from the Mainland

2.How much will a person pay if taking photos with small pandas is included?

A.$ 248.

B.At least $ 248.

C.Over $ 248

D.No more than $ 248

3.Where can a visitor learn about some of the Chinese history before the Tang Dynasty?

A.At Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

B.In Thatched Cottage of Dufu.

C.In Jinsha Site Museum.

D.On Jinli Street.

Translation

1.近年来，旅游业对环境的影响引起了人们的关注。 (effect)

2.即使你不吃早餐也无助于减肥。 (lose)

3.你的数码相机与我的功能相似。 (similar)

4.据我所知，她各门学科都比班上其他同学好。 (ahead)

5.图书馆不仅仅是个可以借阅图书的地方。实际上，它更像是一个待探索的宝藏。 (treasure) (more than, remain)

    Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is providing that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the students who loses the most weight gets the highest mark. 1.

Given the many complications that come with it, it’s not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long age that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. 2. In fact, depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.

In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricultural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It’s like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition. 3. Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.

However, there’s also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their newfound good habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.

4. The goal should be to find out the reason why people become overweight and change people’s habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.

A.Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people’s mental health.

B.There are currently a few initiatives in place that could help combat this problem.

C.While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a larger movement to maintain a healthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.

D.Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.

E.With this in mind, we can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problem in China.

F.Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.

    The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying-first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient(有感觉能力的，有知觉的), or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that after interacting with Amazon’s Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.

We personify things because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying abut their number of friend on social networks- unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.

When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car’s personality, people were less likely to say they are intended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate.

So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them-especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(格栅) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted(倾斜的) like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots(吉祥物) to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common.

Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”), consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers’ hearts.

1.The word “anthropomorphize” (in paragraph 1) most probably means ________.

A.think highly of something B.find a better way to rate something

C.see something as humans D.use something as often as possible

2.The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to ________.

A.show that friendliness is better received than aggressiveness

B.highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to people

C.explain why so many companies use mascots to promote their brands

D.illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance

3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market.

B.Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers’ hearts.

C.Increases in a product’s price may be accepted with a good advertisement.

D.The personification of a product may not always work.

    According to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 they averaged three minutes in length;  now they’re almost half that.

We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularly plain among the young. Some college students I know go days without talking into their smartphones at all.

This generation doesn’t make phone calls, because everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we don’t just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die. Consider: If I suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether you’re busy, and you have no idea why I’m calling.

We have to open Schrodinger’s box every time, having a conversation to figure out whether it’s OK to have a conversation. Plus, voice calls are emotionally high-bandwidth, which is why it’s so weirdly exhausting to be interrupted by one. (We apparently find voicemail even more torturous: Studies show that more than a fifth of all voice messages are never listened to.)

The telephone, in other words, doesn’t provide any information about status, so we are constantly interrupting one another. The other tools at our disposal are more polite. Instant messaging lets us detect whether our friends are busy without our annoying them, and texting lets us ping one another but not at the same time. (Plus, we can spend more time thinking about what we want to say.) Despite the hue and cry about becoming an “always on” society, we’re actually moving away from the demand that everyone should be available immediately.

We’ll still make fewer phone calls, as most of our former phone time will migrate to other media. But the calls we do make will be longer, reserved for the sort of deep discussion that the medium does best.

As video chatting becomes more common, enabled by the new iPhone and other devices, we might see the growth of persistent telepresence, leaving video-chat open all day so we can speak to a spouse or colleague spontaneously. Or, to put it another way, we’ll call less but talk more.

1.The writer of the text thinks that what is happening with mobile phone calls is ________.

A.an unexpected occurrence B.a strange but very predictable fact

C.an interesting social phenomenon D.negative for social interaction

2.In paragraph 3, the writer’s attitude towards phone voice calls is ________.

A.doubtful B.concerned

C.positive D.negative

3.What does the writer think will happen to voice calls in the future?

A.They will only be used in emergencies.

B.They will continue to get more expensive.

C.They will only be used between family members.

D.They will be used mainly for intimate and detailed discussions.

    Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environment) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.

You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks(茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger(触发) hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.

The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous(食肉的) Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.

Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some forms of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants ---well, most of the time.

All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis(光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen(氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. Why almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil, “meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.

1.According to the passage, carnivorous plants ________.

A.only grow in wild field B.are rare to see

C.are as common as flies D.cannot grow on Antarctica

2.We can conclude from the third paragraph that ________.

A.carnivorous plants are dangerous

B.carnivorous plants are fictional

C.carnivorous plants occasionally eat books

D.carnivorous plants are harmless to humans

3.In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil.

B.Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil.

C.Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects.

D.Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil.

University Shotokan Karate Club

Learn Karate—self-defense and fitness

The university karate club was founded in 1962. All grades from beginners to advanced are welcome. The classes are suitable for both men and women and several women have obtained their black belt.

TUESDAY AND THURSDAY

6.00—8.00 p.m.

WEAVER HOUSE GYM

FIRST LESSON FREE

Hardly any of us have experienced real violence, but, over the last few years, attacks on innocent people have increased. Each of us has some ability to defend ourselves, and by learning a form of self-defence, we are not only increasing that ability, but also doing something to build our own sense of respect. Karate will show you a lot of simple and effective techniques to protect yourself, giving you increase self-confidence.

Far too many people think martial arts (武术) are about violence. Martial arts training is based on a lot of respect, self-discipline, self-control and non-violence. We learn basic etiquette, courtesy and tolerance. Good manners and consideration for others are expected at all times.

Karate is the practice of blocking and striking techniques for the purpose of self-defence, health and self-development. Karate exercises the entire body. Techniques are practised on both sides of the body, therefore muscle imbalances do not occur and the strength, coordination, flexibility and agility of both sides of the body are improved. Regular training in Karate improves the body’s physical endurance and flexibility. It also helps concentration and produces the mental calm and assurance that come from knowing we can defend ourselves.

Karate has many benefits but they do not come easily or overnight. Training requires ongoing commitment and hard work. Some of you will give up, but a few of you will get your black belt.

1.The passage is mainly intended to_________.

A.tell readers the benefits of Karate

B.attract readers to join the club

C.encourage people to get their black belt

D.correct people’s misunderstand of Karate

2.What can be learned about University Shotokan Karate Club?

A.More men than women have been its members.

B.It tests members to see what level they are at.

C.Members don’t need to pay for the lessons.

D.It offers 4 hours of lessons every week.

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Karate is true?

A.It cultivates people’s respect for themselves as well as for others.

B.It involves people’s arm muscles more than body muscles

C.It makes people healthy physically instead of mentally.

D.It focuses as much on self-defence as on attack.

    It was early in 1981 when I first met George. I was in my early 30s, seeking a creative outlet unrelated to the humdrum of housework and raising little ones. My children, then aged three and five, were just entering kindergarten and school life. At 65, George had recently retired and was seeking a rewarding hobby for his golden years. For both of us, painting was art and we met at a local TAFE painting class. Thus began a friendship that was to last for 25 years—until the day he died.

In the late 1950s, George arrived in Western Australia from Britain with his wife and two children. He wasn’t a tall man but was as neat as a pin, with a mouthful of large teeth and glasses that gave his blue eyes a Bambi-like appearance. George was a man who lived life to the full; he worked hard, played hard, and had an opinion about everything. He loved his wife, his family, his friends, and was loyal and outspoken to the equal degree. A slim and vigorous man, George took pride in his fitness and health and walked three kilometres every day. “”I’d no more go without my walk than without brushing my teeth,” he’d say.

And as the only male in a painting class full of women, George was in his element. He loved his singular role and looked after his brood with the same attention he gave to everything.

He took to painting with passion and commitment, even turning the spare bedroom of his home into a studio. His painting equipment was comprehensive—an easel, quality paints, linseed oil, turpentine, brushes, palette, canvases, charcoal pencils, fixative, palette knives—even a rolling pin for removing air bubbles when gluing. Ever practical, George housed many of these items in a tool box-a red metal tool box-built to take hard knocks and purchased from a local hardware store.

For about six years George and I studied together through various units until the completion of the course and other commitments drew us apart, though we always maintained personal contact as we lived within a couple of kilometres of each other. Td sometimes see him on his daily walk or at the local shops and occasionally we'd touch base with a ‘proper’ afternoon tea, sharing a cuppa and a chinwag.

1.Why did the author start to learn painting?

A.To find a lasting and rewarding friendship.

B.To take a break from her boring family life.

C.To develop a hobby for her future golden years.

D.To realize her long-held dream of becoming a painter.

2.The phrase “his brood”（in paragraph 3) most probably refers to __________.

A.George’s interest B.George’s tools

C.George’s family D.George’s classmates

3.In the author’s eye, George was a person who__________

A.desired a luxurious life B.was enthusiastic about sports

C.cared little about his appearance D.seldom told others about his opinion

4.What is the author most likely to deal with in the paragraphs that follow the passage?

A.What happened on the day George died.

B.Why she became a painter while George didn’t.

C.How she and George turned away from each other.

D.Where George used to live before coming to Australia.

    Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too damn high?” Shaking wall and hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not ________. The ancient Romans experienced the same annoyance with their apartments. From ________ landlords to sanitation problems, pests to smells, Roman urban living was no walk in the park.

Even in the very early days of Rome, people were crowded together in uncomfortable ________. This collection of animals of every kind mixed together, made life miserable for common citizens. And the close contact spread diseases.

Roman rented residence were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island. The insulae, often consisting of six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, ________ poor workers who couldn’t afford a traditional domus, or private house.

By the fourth century A.D., there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as ________ to fewer than 2,000 private homes. Many people were ________ into their quarters. Apartments on the lower floor would be the easiest for entry and exit – and therefore belong to the wealthy renters - while unfortunate individuals were ________ on higher floors in tiny rooms.

Though made of concrete brick, insulae were usually weakly built, ________ poor craftsmanship and little fund. They usually collapsed and killed passers-by. As a result, emperors restricted how high ________ could construct insulae. The maximum building height was 60 feet.

According to law then, builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to ________ the safety of the building. However, it didn’t work so well, especially since building ________ were ignored by the landlords in order to save on the construction cost, and most renters were too poor to ________ landlords. Therefore, the life-threatening accidents usually happened. Even if insulae didn’t fall down, they could be so ________ as to be washed away in a flood. That’s about the only time their inhabitants would have access to clean natural water, since there was rarely in-home plumbing(水管)in an apartment.

What’s more, the insulae caught fire frequently leaving Rome with a vicious(恶意的)________ of houses burning down and collapsing, sales, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more time. Indeed, rather than being at the nature’s hands, some collapses were ________ since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents.

1.A.lonely B.alone C.unique D.special

2.A.unfair B.gracious C.mean D.terrified

3.A.basements B.mansions C.seasons D.quarters

4.A.housed B.lived C.reserved D.organized

5.A.exposed B.opposed C.switched D.related

6.A.mixed B.filled C.invited D.squeezed

7.A.arranged B.assigned C.thrown D.banned

8.A.instead of B.thanks to C.regardless of D.except for

9.A.builders B.architects C.landlords D.renters

10.A.insure B.make sure C.assure D.ensure

11.A.codes B.limitations C.reservations D.emphasis

12.A.defeat B.alert C.charge D.object

13.A.cheap B.vacant C.insignificant D.shaky

14.A.cycle B.punishment C.treatment D.fate

15.A.unexpected B.intentional C.restless D.thorough

    A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that nearly all these students considered 1. (understand) spoken English, especially in the first few weeks, to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking or communicating. Writing then increased as a big problem 2. students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they 3. (expect) to hand in. And at the same time, reading remained as a significant problem.

The information 4. (gain) helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation, we considered it important to note 5. seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching or 6. (use) the same method, especially if it has failed in the past or it is too complicated to follow or imitate, 7. it might reduce motivation and interest. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.

8. variety of activities was also regarded as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation and interest. Several years ago we had the first timetable 9. operated throughout the course of English learning, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about half-way through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, and we had to explore a much 10. (effective) way of English learning, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.

— What are you doing this Saturday?

— I’m not sure, but I    go to the Rolling Stones concert

A.must B.would

C.should D.might

George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.

A.must have gone B.might have gone

C.can’t have gone D.needn’t have gone

Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______ too much at the party last night.

A.could drink B.should drink

C.would have drunk D.must have drunk

I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A.should have been doing B.must have been doing

C.could have done D.would have done

There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

A.mustn’t B.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

假定你是李华你校上周刚刚举办了“汉服节”（the Hanfu Festival）活动，你的外国朋友Peter对此非常感兴趣，请你给他写封信. 信的内容包括：

1. 活动目的：了解汉服，传承传统文化

2. 活动内容安排：主题讲座，汉服舞蹈表演等

3. 活动在同学中引发的反响

注意：1．词数100左右

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好

Dear Peter ,

How are you these days ?____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Yours ,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who impresses me more. Though Mr.Moore is middle-aged, he looked very young. Actually, he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school. Comparing with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to teaching methods. He tries many ways make his classes lively and interested. In his opinions, we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”. However, instead of giving us answers immediately, he always encourages us to think by himself whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, we’ve learned what to analyze and solve problems. He is such a learned person that we all admire for him very much.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

For many young people, 1. (go) to university is one of the most important 2.(stage) of their lives. It is the time when young people will move out of 3. (they) home to live with other people, often strangers. 4.(especial) in the US, people often travel very far from home to study. It is a time to be 5. (dependence).

At university, you 6. (teach) by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study. The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is 7. drives some people to apply to university. Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study. Apart 8.the academic benefit, life at university can also allow students 9. (develop) their interests in many fields.

Therefore, university is a place 10.you attain knowledge, to develop your values and accept those who may be different.

    As is known to us, doing something small makes a difference.

Last night, my husband and I were taking a post-dinner walk in a nearby parking lot, when we saw a man breaking something with a rock. He was completely _______his task and didn’t look up at anyone passing by. We kept _______him as we walked around the parking lot and talked between ourselves about what he might be doing. I _______he was breaking stones to make sand, but why would he do that?

_______, we decided to go up and speak to him. He was _______ pieces of leftover bread that he had collected from his housemates to make _______for the birds that come there every morning. The large pieces of bread would be _______for the birds to eat, so he ground them into a fine powder with the_______.

It was moving to hear that he’s been doing this every _______,by himself, for the last three or four years. What________ us more was that he was surprised we were even taking ________in this, since for him it wasn’t a big deal. Every night, he ________leftover bread from his housemates. He then spends the next one or two hours in the parking lot crushing each piece of ________and making a neat pile for the birds, which he says will be ________ by the next evening. He also ________ fresh water and adds birdseed on top of the pile.

When we asked him why he does this small and simple act of ________, he shrugged and said, “It’s just something ________ I do so that the leftover bread doesn’t go into the ________and the birds get food.”

We shared his story with the hope that it might remind us to be more ________with our leftover food. Perhaps it might ________ someone to do something similar in their own area.

1.A.worried about B.satisfied with C.tired from D.focused on

2.A.questioning B.showing C.noticing D.helping

3.A.discussed B.thought C.wondered D.admitted

4.A.Naturally B.Finally C.Surely D.Patiently

5.A.picking up B.spreading C.breaking up D.piling

6.A.drink B.food C.nests D.desserts

7.A.perfect B.healthy C.enough D.difficult

8.A.rock B.stick C.cage D.rope

9.A.morning B.night C.afternoon D.weekend

10.A.moved B.pleased C.confused D.embarrassed

11.A.a role B.part C.an interest D.pride

12.A.buys B.collects C.borrows D.steals

13.A.cake B.chocolate C.bread D.birdseed

14.A.removed B.lost C.discovered D.gone

15.A.leaves B.takes C.drops D.saves

16.A.faith B.choice C.service D.courage

17.A.special B.small C.interesting D.useful

18.A.plate B.ground C.market D.trash

19.A.careful B.content C.patient D.fun

20.A.inspire B.guide C.allow D.require

Tricks to Remember Words

Memorizing new vocabulary can seem like a difficult task at first, but if you use some strategies you will find your vocabulary expanding rapidly.

Break It Down

One key to memorization success is to attempt a manageable workload. One to five words is a manageable load that will enable you to be successful in remembering them for the long term. 1.

Make Associations

One way to remember words and their definitions is to remember an association that you have with that word. 2.You can make an association web by writing the word in the middle of a piece of paper and mapping out everything you associate with that word.

Write Sentences and Stories

Context is a large part of understanding and remembering definitions. While you may attempt to contextualize a word for yourself by making associations, it can also be useful to write the word in a sentence. 3.If you are learning many words at a time, writing a story with all of the words can be a fun and entertaining strategy for retaining knowledge.

Use Flashcards

Flashcards are a tried and true method of aiding memory. Rather than buying premade vocabulary flashcard, make your own with index cards(索引卡). 4. Besides, when you make your own flashcards, you can personalize them according to your needs by drawing a picture on one side or writing the word in a sentence to help yourself remember the context.

Practice

5. Pick at least one new word a day to use in your everyday conversations. You might be able to fit your new words into e-mails and correspondence as well. The more you use the words, the better you will know them.

.

A.Create more situations.

B.Quiz yourself on the words.

C.It can save money and aid your memory.

D.If the word has multiple definitions, write it in several different sentences.

E.The association may be an image, a person you know or a song with that word in it.

F.When you learn a new word, the best way is to use the word in context immediately.

G.If you have a long list of words to memorize, break the list down so that you can learn some each day

    Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.

It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.

The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.

Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.

1.How is most plastic dealt with in America?

A.It’s sold. B.It’s recycled.

C.It’s buried. D.It’s wasted.

2.Why did the team invent Ooho?

A.To make a profit for a company. B.To protect the environtnent.

C.To make people eat as they drink. D.To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.

3.What can we infer about Ooho from the text?

A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.

B.It has become popular since it began to be sold.

C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.

D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.

4.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?

A.Ooho is to be a success in the future.

B.Ooho is being supported by smart people.

C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.

D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.

    In modern society, online learning is popular with many people. For many of us, learning a language is a terrifying experience, just as opening a new set of books and CDs.

Babbel is a comprehensive online learning system that allows the user to combine learning with his or her everyday life. Launched in 2007 in Berlin, it’s created and maintained by a team of 300 employees from 28 nations, including linguists, language teachers, native speakers, and authors.

The 14 language courses on offer (including French, Spanish, Polish, German, Swedish and English) are designed to be used on the go, anywhere and at any time, thanks to Babbel’s multi-platform mobile apps. These courses are free to download and contain 2,000—3,000 vocabulary words per language, pronounced by native speakers and accompanied by relevant images.

This native-speaker approach, says Markus Witte, CEO and founder of Babbel, is key to the company’s success. “The courses are designed by experienced language teachers and linguists,” he explains. “Their knowledge about learning processes and language pairings is crucial when designing lessons. We offer 14 learning languages and it makes a huge difference whether a Portuguese or an English native learns Spanish.”

One of the real joys is being able to set your own pace and learn what you want. Simply choose the language you want and start learning it right away with integrated speech recognition.

Registration of Babbel is completely free, as Babbel provides advanced lessons in every language, so you can start making progress immediately. If you choose to sign up, you are offered monthly, three-monthly, six-monthly or yearly payment plans and this gives you immediate access to your chosen language on www. babbel. com as well as via the mobile apps for Android or IOS.

The lessons are quick, bite-sized and entertaining. 50% of Babbel users learn with apps. Witte says, “This mobile language learning supports Babbel’s idea of easy learning. The touch display allows for much faster repeat of vocabulary, and users can check their pronunciation or record a speaking role in a dialogue, which helps to remove the fear of talking in an unfamiliar language.”

1.What do many people think of learning a language?

A.Embarrassing B.Interesting

C. Impressive D.Unpleasant.

2.Learners may enjoy learning with Babbel because___________ .

A.the courses are easy to download

B.the teachers are native speakers

C.they can learn at their own pace

D.the images are designed by native speakers

3.Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.The touch display can help users repeat the words faster.

B.Users can only get access to their chosen language via the mobile apps.

C.Users are offered only monthly or yearly payment plans

D.The mobile language learning is difficult and helpful.

4.What’ s the author’ s purpose of writing the text?

A.To illustrate the advantages of online learning.

B.To make an advertisement for a language school.

C.To introduce a new way of learning foreign languages.

D.To discuss how to learn a new language efficiently.

    A teenager needs to have a sense of independence in their life to feel secure（安全的）. To some teenagers independence means a lot to them, and I think that some parents don’t allow their teenagers enough independence.

Independence has something to do with freedom. Some kids are not allowed to go anywhere alone, and the only thing their schedule includes is going to school, coming home, going to sleep, and repeating the process the next day. Parents tend to be afraid that their kids can get hurt if they go outside into the world. But if parents control their kids too much, they may never learn to live on their own. The best way for a teenager to learn lesson is through experience. I think it is beneficial for teenagers to have freedom.

Teenagers’ lack of freedom can also stop them from having good friendship at school. Some might say this is a good thing, because it helps them focus more on their school work. I argue that this can only discourage them not to do their school work. Some parents do not allow their children to be around their friends outside the school, thinking that this will get them into trouble. But I don’t think so. Instead, isn’t this a good reason for parents to get their children a cellphone? Cellphones allow teenagers to stay in touch with their parents, and communicate with friends.

Privacy is another issue between parents and their teenagers. Teenagers tend to enjoy relaxation by themselves in their own room. This also gives them a sense of independence. It often annoys teenagers when their parents enter their room when they are not home. I know that my mom always goes in my room when I’m not home, and this has brought me to the point where I have asked many times to get a lock on my door.

1.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A.Kids know how to live independently.

B.Some parents allow their kids no freedom.

C.It benefits teenagers to have freedom.

D.Kids have a dull routine every day

2.In the opinion of the author, ___________.

A.parents should make it easy for kids to communicate with their friends

B.good friendships between kids harm their school work

C.it is unnecessary for a kid to have a cellphone

D.kids should focus on the school work

3.How do teenagers usually feel when their parents enter their rooms in their absence?

A.Disappointed B.Lucky

C.Angry D.Calm

4.The author hopes to have her door locked in order to ______________.

A.keep her father from reading her dairy B.prevent her mother entering her room

C.Protect herself from any harm D.Stop thieves from going in

Wanted

Project Management Assistant

Responsibility:

—Provide service for the project in Chongqing.

—Provide assistance to the project manager for everyday work.

—Responsible for file management, customer service for students and parents.

Requirements:

—College degree.

—Good English and computer skills.

—Related working experience in the international organization.

—Patient, careful, supportive. Have strong teamwork spirit.

English Teacher

Responsibility:

—Conduct English teaching according to British education system.

Requirements:

—University degree and above in English major or normal English.

—Eager to learn and open-minded with creativity.

—With deep understanding and respect for different cultures.

（Warmly welcome fresh graduates to apply for this position.）

Marketing Assistant

Responsibility:

—Responsible for the local management of marketing and sales activities according to the instruction from the head office.

—Collect related information to the head office.

—Develop relationship with local media and customers.

Requirements:

—College degree and above with good English (speaking and writing).

—With basic idea of sales and marketing, related experience is preferred.

—Working experience in the international organization is a must.

—Good communication and presentation skills.

Accountant

Responsibility:

—Accountant work for Chongqing office and project.

—Perform the finance management locally according to the rules and policy of the company.

Requirements:

—College degree and above in finance area.

—Good English and computer skills.

—Good sense of finance management.

—At least two years of experience as accountant in the international organization is a must.

—Self-management, hard-working, independent and able to deal with pressure.

1.Which position may attract new graduates most?

A.A project management assistant. B.An English teacher.

C.A marketing assistant. D.An accountant.

2.Which of the following is a must for the four positions?

A.Good presentation skills. B.Good computer skills.

C.Good English. D.Eagerness for learning

3.If you get the position of Project Management Assistant, you needn’t _______.

A.provide assistance for the project manager

B.provide service for the project in Chongqing

C.be responsible for customer service for students and parents

D.collect the related information for the head office

假定你是李华，正在加拿大参加短期访问交流活动。你偶然在一本近期的杂志里看到一篇介绍中国端午节的文章，但文章里没有注明日期是中国农历，且文中所配图片是赛艇而不是龙舟。请你给编辑部写一封信，指出其中的错误并要求更正。

内容包括：

1. 指出错误，给出正确信息；

2. 要求更正；

3. 赞赏对方介绍中国文化。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 参考词汇：中国农历 the Chinese Lunar Calendar

赛艇 rowing boat       龙舟 dragon boat

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Longjing tea, it has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, is named after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake.

Thanks for Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. The story went that Emperor Qianlong was visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at the foot of the mountain. He was very interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself. While picked the tea, he received the news of his mother’s illness, so he carelessly puts the leaves in his sleeve and left Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother immediately upon his arrival in Beijing. His mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have taste. After drinking cup of tea, she found herself completely refreshing, and she even praised it as cure for all illnesses. From now on, the tea was listed as the tribute tea (贡茶).