假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有5处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改5处，多者(从第6处起)不计分。

I’m a 18-year old boy from Sydney, Australia. Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train. We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, more than four thousands kilometers away. The food on the train was great. We eat great meals cooked by experts. For the first a few hundred kilometers of the journey, the scenery was colourful. After that, we saw abandoned farms which built over a century ago.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries. The relationship between teachers and students in many European countries is quite formal. This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, 2. respect for the teacher is considered very important. However, this relationship is much 3. (friendly) and more relaxed.

Another important difference is whether schools are state schools or private schools. State schools 4. (pay) for by the government, but in private schools, the parents pay for the 5. (educate) of their children. Most students in Germany and France go to state schools, which are very good.

    The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.- Eleanor Roosevelt.

My home is a place of great beauty and agricultural richness, as well as of war and natural disasters. When I was only fourteen years old, I was filled with ____ in spite of the terrible surroundings. The families living here, who tried to make their living from the land,____ great losses.

I felt sorry especially for the children , but I ____ to be hopeless, I decided that where I was, I could do ____ to help them. I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who ____ my knock, "I know that you are ____ and give the birds that come to your yard a little ____. Please consider me your bird. Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your ____ . I will take it to the temple where it can be given to the  ___ children."

No one seemed to mind giving me a handful of rice, even ____ they had little themselves. On Sunday, I would go to the ____ and give my handfuls of rice to the monks to give away to the children.

One day, I came to a house that had ____ kinds to give. I told my story and asked if I could be their bird. The woman called her daughters, and ____ gave me fifty cents, as well as the handful of rice! I began to ask for change and rice from the other "bird feeders", and they gave them to me. Everyone was happy to help those who were suffering, even ___ only this small way. The temple was soon able to help everyone who came to them for food and clothing. "Consider me your bird." My childish idea had not stopped the war, but anyway, it was ____ some peace.

1.A.sorrow B.hope C.comfort D.happiness

2.A.suffered B.survived C.covered D.made

3.A.wanted B.failed C.refused D.stopped

4.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing

5.A.said B.replied C.spoke D.answered

6.A.glad B.kind C.rich D.poor

7.A.water B.money C.nest D.rice

8.A.temple B.room C.door D.garden

9.A.brave B.hungry C.promising D.nervous

10.A.where B.that C.so D.when

11.A.village B.hometown C.temple D.house

12.A.much B.little C.many D.few

13.A.every B.each C.neither D.none

14.A.by B.with C.on D.in

15.A.creating B.mending C.shopping D.managing

    Everyone wants to be respected. Gaining the respect from your friends might not always be easy. But with understanding and patience, you can become someone who is respected.

Build your self-confidence by exploring the things you are good at, such as drawing, cycling or singing and devoting energy and time to them. 1.

Speak with honesty. Don’t think low of others or talk about them behind their backs. 2. However, they probably won’t respect you much after the conversation ends.

Listen actively to what your friends say. 3. During conversations with friends, sometimes repeating what they’ve said, asking questions and expressing your feelings about what they have said will make you a good listener.

4. Try not to be overly critical. If a friend comes to you with a new idea, help him/her explore how he/she can make it a reality. If another friend is feeling down, give him/her words of support and let him/her know you’re always there for him/her.

Keep your word and be trustworthy. 5. If you agree to meet a friend at noon, show up at noon. If you promise a friend you will watch her children for the evening, follow though, If you fail to meet your duty, your friends might become more careful of you, and you’ll probably feel uneasy around them until you can regain their trust.

A. Treat others the way they treat you.

B. Active listening helps create understanding.

C. It is easier for confident people to gain respect.

D. Encourage your friends to the best they can be.

E. People respect those who do what they say they will do.

F. Respect explains who you are and how you are remembered.

G. Your friends might be interested in your conversation for a very short time.

    After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body moves back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy.

There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!

1.A good title for this passage is ____.

A.Sleep B.Dreams

C.Good Health D.Work and Rest

2.The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____.

A.sick B.a little sleepy

C.stand up D.lie down

3.During REM, ____.

A.you are restless B.you never dream

C.your eyes move quickly D.your eyes are moving fast before dreaming

4.The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .

A.about six hours B.around ten hours

C.about eight hours D.not described here

    Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future —for example, getting into college or getting a good job —that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.

Another secret to living a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people experience this dancing, or playing a sport, such as swimming. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity. Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

1.The best title（标题）of the passage is ________.

A.Money Makes You Happy B.The Secrets of Happiness

C.Ideas for Helping Other People to Be Happy D.Good Friends Make You Happy

2.The second paragraph tells us that ______.

A.the more friends you have, the happier you will be

B.we shouldn’t think about our future

C.happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.

D.some people fail to live a happy life

3.The passage gives us ______ pieces of advice on happiness.

A.three B.two

C.one D.four

4.The writer thinks that ______ .

A.everyone knows how to live a happier life

B.it’s wrong to spend time on work

C.hobbies take up too much time

D.doing good things for someone can make you happier

    Do you learn from your mistakes? I hope so. But have you ever made the same mistake twice? I have. Sometimes I make the same mistake three or four times!

Sometimes, good things happen because of mistakes. Once I got on the wrong train. That was a big mistake. But on that train. I saw a good friend. I was so happy I made that mistake!

Another time I ruined a surprise. My mother planned a surprise party for my father. She told me it was a secret. But I was just a little boy and I couldn’t keep the secret. I told my father about the party .At first, my mother was mad at me. But then my father said he was happy he knew about it. He said he didn’t like surprises.

1.The boy saw ________on the wrong train.

A.his friend B.his father

C.his mother D.his teacher

2.His mother asked him to______.

A.keep a secret about the party B.tell his father about the party

C.plan a surprise party D.invite his friends to the party

3.What does the boy think of mistakes?

A.Mistakes are not welcome.

B.A mistake is a terrible thing.

C.All mistakes mean happy accidents.

D.Sometimes a mistake can be a good thing.

    New rules and behavior standards (行为规范)for middle school students came out in March. Middle school is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye (染) their hair, smoke or drink. The following are some of the new rules.

Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.

Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone.

Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when our basketball lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself.

Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth Ⅱ someday. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.

Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late you should let your parents know.

Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good Web sites for children? Here some:http://kids.eastday.com/http://www.chinakids.net.com/http://www.cycnet.com

1.The school new rules will help kids by telling them ______.

A.how they can study well B.what they should do at school

C.what is right and what is wrong D.how they can protect themselves

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A.Take care of yourself when you are out.

B.Tell the truth, even when you are wrong.

C.Keep some animals to protect them.

D.Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things.

3.The main idea of the fourth paragraph is about ______.

A.making the team weaker B.working together with others

C.being a good friend to others D.getting on badly with others

4.Good Web sites for children can ______.

A.be a waste of time B.help them with their studies

C.do homework for them D.make life easier

假设你是李华，得知这周末市博物馆要举行为期两天的中国邮票展。来自英国的交换生Eric喜欢集邮，请你给Eric写一封信，邀请他一起去参观。要点如下：

1.写信目的；2. 主要活动；3. 约定会面。

注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Eric,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:  1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Billy,

Now I am on holiday with my families in Yangshuo, Guangxi. I knew Yangshuo was well-known as its natural scenery before I came here. And I am still amazed at its breathtaking beauty now. The local traditional culture have also impressed me deep. Here you can meet friends from all over the world. It is not surprised that many shopkeepers communicate with foreigners in English. In a word, the town was well worth a visit.

To experience more local customs and enjoy beauty of nature, we have decided to stay for another two days. We will post some postcards to my friends, including you of course, before I will leave here.

Yours,

Li Hua

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

There1.(be) no team uniform for players in the past. But in the mid-19th century, a New York baseball team actually wore a uniform.

However, times have changed: almost every sport team now has a uniform of its own. The popularity of team uniforms has hit a new high now, and even the fans 2.(see) wearing team uniforms these days.

Have you ever given 3. a thought why team uniforms are so important?

Most of the games require team spirit 4.(win) a match. When everyone in the group wears the same color, clothes and cap, it can really make you feel like you belong to that group,5.helps you perform better on the field.

6.(wear) team uniforms is a good way to separate your teammates from those who you are playing against. You are also able to identify players because the clothes they wear carry their 7.(name) on the back of their uniforms. It also allows your fans in the stadium to keep track of the game 8.(easy).When you change into your team's uniform, you get a sense of equality. Every member of the team plays an important role 9. the team’s success. You play, win, or lose a match as a 10.(unite) team, and not as an individual.

    Pulling into the parking lot of the largest supermarket in town, Joe could already see it was going to be a challenge to find parking this Saturday morning. He decides to first _______his wife Melissa, so she could get a head start on the_______they need to do. Meanwhile, he_______to find a free spot among the crowd of other_______cars.

Inside, Joe finally finds Melissa, whose cart is already _______ with packages of organic snacks and_______. He knows Melissa is easily persuaded by_______words that promise health benefits. It makes her feel_________to know that she is making healthy_______________. In the past, Joe would try to__________with her, explaining that health is not about__________specific items, and more about general lifestyle. Today, he decides to simply move on. As the__________in the family, Joe looks forward every week to the process of selecting meats and vegetables,__________all the ways he can flavor and cook them. Free samples are being__________at the familiar locations – Melissa makes sure to hit up every station. They__________the chicken sausage is their favorite and buy two packs. The buy-one-get-one-free fresh pasta attracts Joe, while the________on cheese cake draws Melissa.

As they wait in line to__________, Melissa examines their overflowing shopping cart and realizes that they are over__________. She puts back the snacks and drinks that were____________________impulse（冲动的）buys, and happily__________she is learning to be a great shopper!

1.A.come to B.call up C.drop off D.wait for

2.A.cooking B.parking C.cleaning D.shopping

3.A.regrets B.battles C.hesitates D.stops

4.A.wishing B.working C.wandering D.waiting

5.A.loaded B.fixed C.equipped D.decorated

6.A.drinks B.meats C.vegetables D.fruits

7.A.famous B.useful C.true D.fancy

8.A.real B.good C.strange D.different

9.A.creations B.revolutions C.decisions D.discussions

10.A.complain B.reason C.work D.quarrel

11.A.consuming B.keeping C.saving D.studying

12.A.assistant B.host C.chef D.member

13.A.remembering B.imagining C.checking D.starting

14.A.donated B.weighed C.ordered D.offered

15.A.request B.argue C.agree D.know

16.A.sight B.thought C.sale D.smell

17.A.check out B.pay off C.set out D.get off

18.A.demand B.charge C.reality D.budget

19.A.specially B.obviously C.luckily D.normally

20.A.claims B.reports C.advocates D.describes

    You may have heard of the word “pub” . It is short for public house. There are around 60,000 pubs in the U.K. One of the oldest pubs，Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St. Albans，Hertfordshire，is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.

1. People talk，eat，drink，meet their friends and relax there. Pubs often have two bars，one usually quieter than the other，and many have a garden where people can sit in summer. Children can go into pub gardens with their parents.

Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks.2. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy：The bar staff will usually serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first.

Most pubs offer a complete range of beers，local and imported，with German，Belgian and French beers being in demand.3. As a matter of fact，pubs sell soft drinks，too.

The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18 in the UK. People aged 16 and 17，with the license's permission，may have only one glass of wine during a meal.4. It is illegal to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk. A fourteen-year-old may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if he orders a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p．m.，which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together. 5.Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in the U.K.，you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for your purchases immediately.

A. British people like drinking beers in pubs.

B. Pubs are an important part of British life.

C. But they must be with an adult and the adult orders it.

D. In the salon bar the atmosphere is quieter and there are fewer people.

E. And it also allows pubs to play their traditional roles as community centers.

F. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group.

G. Most people might think pubs are places where people simply drink alcohol.

    Dolly Parton, an American musician, is used to performing for big crowds. But after her set this year at Glastonbury, Britain’s largest music festival which can date back to 1970, she admitted a butterfly was in her stomach. Since that show, her album Blue Smoke has stayed near the top of the album chart for eight weeks.

Live music is flourishing (繁荣) even as sales of recorded music have decreased greatly. In the past two years, it has grown by 15%. Live music lovers now spend more than €l billion a year on tickets and almost half that on food, drink and the like. In the early 1990s, Britain had few festivals. But around 450 will take place this year. The festival season, once limited to July and August, now stretches until early autumn. On the first weekend of September, four festivals battle it out.

One reason was a change of the licensing laws, which made it easier to put on a show outdoors. The recession (经济衰退) helped too: Britons who could no longer afford foreign holidays found a weekend of camping in a muddy field more attractive.

Ageing crowds are another bonus. Older people have more cash to spend on festivals, and their demands have helped make festivals safer and more pleasant. Security at bigger festivals has grown much tighter. Fancy food and drinks have replaced cheap hot dogs and beer.

All this is changing the way the music industry works. Festivals are increasingly seen as a way for artists to attract fans. Newer names find them essential: Clean Bandit, a British band who brought out their first album this year, is performing at around 20 festivals this summer. And music managers are increasingly taking into account how successfully artists will perform at big outdoor festivals before deciding to sign them.

1.What do we know about Dolly Parton?

A.She is an inexperienced performer.

B.Glastonbury used to be her favorite festival.

C.Glastonbury’s large audience made her nervous.

D.Her album Blue Smoke was an instant hit in the UK.

2.Which of the following can indicate live music is flourishing in Britain?

A.The licensing laws have been changed.

B.The festival season lasts longer than before.

C.Ticket prices of music festivals have increased by 15%.

D.People are willing to spend more money on recorded music.

3.What’s older people’s contribution to outdoor festivals?

A.Helping attract huger crowds of fans.

B.Spending more money on food and drink.

C.Offering music festivals financial support.

D.Urging organizers to offer a comfortable experience.

4.Why are music festivals important to new artists?

A.They may change Britain’s music industry.

B.They can be effectively promoted at the festivals.

C.They can cooperate with some big-name artists.

D.They may make the acquaintance of music managers.

    In the United States if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will, too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy. But your chances are mitigated if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.

Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing people’s behavior through indirect suggestions and by supporting positive actions. It was popularized in the 2008 book Nudge. The book was a project of a legal expert and an economist with the University of Chicago.

A growing number of US colleges and universities look to nudging as a way to support poor, minority and first-generation students. They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates. Two common forms of nudging are emails to students and text messages to their mobile phones. Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.

However, recent studies have shown that there is more than one way nudging can go wrong. And making use of nudging to influence large groups of students is harder than it seems. Alejandra Acosta is a higher education policy expert at New America, an independent research group. She notes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must possess in order to be successful. Acosta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach college students well before the date by which a student is required to take action. Additionally, nudges should be written clearly and provide as much information as possible. If students start to struggle in class, school officials should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make use of them.

1.What does the underlined word “mitigated” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.replaced. B.reduced.

C.increased. D.wasted.

2.What does nudging involve?

A.Helping the needy take action positively.

B.Setting a good example for the needy.

C.Making use of various good theories.

D.Giving the needy direct suggestions.

3.What can we learn about nudging from Paragraph 3?

A.It’s of no use to wealthy people. B.It hasn’t drawn wide attention yet.

C.It can be used in a variety of fields. D.It’s being increasingly recognized.

4.What’s the best title of the text?

A.Nudge: a book written by a legal expert and an economist

B.Nudge: a strategy to help more US students

C.Nudging: a way for US colleges to support students

D.Nudging: a way to improve graduation rates in the USA

    It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds.

He might be a little more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. Dr. Jim O’Connell is Boston’s only doctor left still making house calls to the homeless.

Nearly 600,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems with no access to care. O’Connell and his well-known team of “street doctors” are doing something about it, treating about 700 regular patients.

O’Connell and his team of psychologists and social workers spend their days walking around the downtown where his patients live – in parks, under bridges and on the outskirts of town. During his morning rounds, O’Connell himself usually see about 20 patients. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city.” he said. “You couldn’t find a more grateful population.” “This man is unbelievable!” one patient remarked. “This is my doctor. He’s been my doctor for life,” another added.

O’Connell does just about everything, from stitches (缝补)for an arm to surgery for the soul. If patients can’t be treated on the street, he finds them a temporary treatment bed in a shelter.

“Everything I had been taught to do in my medical school – go fast, be efficient – was counterproductive (适得其反) when you take care of homeless people.” O’Connell told Harvard Magazine.“When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or a cup of coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they engage(参与), they’ll come to you any time because they trust you. I often say that the best training for this job is being a bartender because it’s all about listening.”

When asked about how his life might have turned out, had he become a highly paid doctor, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.”

1.Who does “a more grateful population” refer to?

A.The 700 regular patients. B.600,000 homeless Americans.

C.O’Connell and his team. D.People with health problems.

2.What can we infer from the text?

A.O’Connell is quite wealthy.

B.Homeless patients don’t care about their health.

C.O’Connell used to be a bartender.

D.There are doctors dropping out of O’Connell’s team.

3.What’s O’Connell’s problem when he is making his rounds?

A.He doesn’t know where his patents are.

B.He finds it hard to be trusted by his patients.

C.He has little time to listen to his patients.

D.He often receives complaints from his patients.

4.According to the passage, which words can be used to describe O’Connell?

A.Generous and impatient. B.Selfless and careless.

C.Devoted and unselfish. D.Unbelievable and efficient.

Casting Call for TV Role

Gender: Female

Location: Hollywood, California

Genre: TV Serials

Producer: Cooper&Cole Productions

Full details

Who we are looking for:

Are you a woman between the ages 20 and 30? Have you had at least two years of experience as a professional actress? Would you like to appear on a TV show watched by hundreds of thousands of viewers? If you answer yes to all of these questions, this can be a great opportunity.

About the role:

Cooper&Cole Productions is looking for someone to play a role in the popular series, The Mystery of Glastonbury Grove. After two successful seasons, the show is about to start production of the third season. The new season will introduce a number of new characters to the show. The role we are currently seeking to fill is a main character’s distant relative. The character will appear in three episodes(剧集) out of the eight in the new season. This is a silent role.

How to apply:

If you think you meet the requirements and are interested in working with us, submit the following information to coopandcole@gmail.net no later than October 12.

Name:                              E-mail:

Phone:                             Age:

Height:                             Weight:

Your work(s): (Please attach the VIDEO/LINK.)

**Attach several recent photos of yourself.

Auditions (试镜) will be held at our Hollywood office at 8:00 am on Saturday, October 19. If you are selected for an audition, we will contact you by October 16.

1.Who might be an ideal applicant for the TV role?

A.A schoolgirl having a gift for performing.

B.An experienced actor proud of what he did.

C.A famous person eager for a role in movies.

D.A 29-year-old actress acting in many films.

2.What can we learn about the new role?

A.It will not have any dialogue. B.It will exist in the fourth season.

C.It will appear in at least 8 episodes. D.It will be the wife of a main character.

3.What should applicants submit?

A.The address. B.Previous works.

C.Recent family photos. D.A recommendation letter.

请阅读下面材枓，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

（写作内容）

1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：

（1） 支持成反对共享单车的推广；

（2） 用 2-3 个理由或论据支撑你的观点。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整，语言规范，语篇还贯，词数适当。

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    Issues around children learning to read are rarely out of the news, which is hardly surprising—becoming a successful reader is of vital importance in improving a child’s life chances. Nor is it surprising that reading creates a virtuous circle: the more you read the better you become. But what may come as a surprise is that reading to dogs is gaining popularity as a way of addressing concerns about children’s reading.

Underachievement (学业不良) in groups of children in the UK is recognized in international studies—and successive governments have sought to address the issues in a range of ways. Reading to dogs, so far, has not been among them, but it’s time to look at the strategy more seriously.

Many children naturally enjoy reading and need little encouragement, but if they are struggling, their confidence can quickly decrease—and with it, their motivation. This brings about the destructive cycle, and therefore reading ability fails to improve.

So how can dogs help?

A therapeutic (疗法的) presence

Reading to dogs is just that—encouraging children to read alongside a dog. The practice originated in the US in 1999.

The presence of dogs has a calming effect on many people—hence their use in Pets as Therapy schemes (PAT). Many primary schools are becoming increasingly pressurized environments and children (like adults) generally do not respond well to such pressure. A dog creates an environment that immediately feels more relaxing and welcoming. Reading can be an independent activity, but can also be a pleasurable, shared social event. Children who are struggling to read benefit from the simple pleasure of reading to a loyal, loving listener.

Children who are struggling to read, for whatever reason, need to build confidence and rediscover a motivation for reading. A dog is a reassuring, friendly audience who will not mind if mistakes are made. Children can read to the dog, uninterrupted; comments will not be made. Errors can be addressed in other contexts at other times. For more experienced or capable readers, they can experiment with intonation and “voices”, knowing that the dog will respond positively—and building fluency further develops comprehension in readers.

For children who are struggling, reconnecting with the pleasure of reading is very important. As Marylyn Jager-Adams, a literacy (读写) scholar, noted in a seminal review of beginner reading in the US: “If we want children to learn to read well, we must find a way to attract them to read lots.”

Reading to a dog can create a helpful balance, supporting literacy activities which may seem less appealing to a child. Children having difficulty with reading, for example, need focused support to develop their understanding of the alphabetic code (字母代码). But this needs to be balanced with activities which support independent reading and social enjoyment or the child can become less motivated.

Creating a virtuous circle

Breaking a negative cycle will inevitably lead to the creation of a virtuous circle—and sharing a good book with a dog enables children to apply their reading skills in a positive and enjoyable way.

Research evidence in this area is rather limited, despite the growing popularity of the scheme. A 2016 systematic review of 48 studies—“Children Reading to Dogs: A Systematic Review of the Literature” by Hall, Ge and Mills--demonstrated some evidence for improvement in reading, but the evidence was not strong. There clearly is more work to do, but interest in reading to dogs appears to have grown through the evidence of case studies. The example, often given in the media, is that of Tony Nevett and his pet dog Danny. Tony and Danny’s involvement in a number of schools has been transformative, not only in terms of reading but also in promoting general well-being positive behavior among children with a diverse range of needs.

So, reading to dogs could offer many benefits. As with any approach, it is not a cure—but set within a language—rich literacy environment, there appears to be little to lose and much to gain.

Title: How Dogs Could Make Children Better 1. ▲

句子翻译

1.要确保道路安全、避免事故，一切都在于我们道路使用者。

2.这让一些人阅读起来有困难，因此经典文学作品常常被遗忘在书架上。

3.这一时期的诗歌通常关注自由、美丽等概念，往往运用想象触及强烈的情感。

4.想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这儿更令人叹为观止的场景了！

5.来自许多国家的这群人的联袂演出、音乐以及恢弘的场景显然是这场令人惊叹的演出的重要因素。

    My father and I have been separated for over two years. He was physically violent and emotionally abusive to me throughout my childhood, and I felt that I couldn’t forgive him. And yet, now he is dying, unconscious and struggling to breathe through an oxygen tube after a major stroke, all I can think of is how much he loved me.

How he would hold my fringe (刘海) back and kiss me on the forehead before school. How he bought me a pottery set and roller skates, although we were struggling by on just his salary, and allowed me to skate to school. How he would play chess and tennis with me, and take me to endless chess and tennis tournaments, even though I never won anything. How he would read the Guardian every day and fill in the quick crossword, but leave a few clues and praise me if I solved them. He kept every one of my Guardian columns, and every article I ever had published, even during our many estranged (疏远) periods. He gave me a lot of his savings to buy a flat after I became a single mum. And he set my date of birth as the passcode on his phone.

Yet I’m ashamed to say I blamed him, often, for everything: my anorexia (厌食症), my cutting, my anxiety, my depression... He was there during the tough times, yet all I could think was that the tough times happened because of him, forgetting that the causes of events are complex, and that plenty of people who had happy childhoods have to deal with mental illness and domestic violence too.

I even stopped him from seeing my daughter, then three, the thing that brought him most happiness, because I was scared he would hurt her, and that her life would be like mine. That decision would mean he never spoke to me again.

When we spent time together in previous years, my father hugged me a lot yet never talked much. Born in 1930s America during the Depression, he was a man of few words, a silent romantic who signed his empty Valentine’s cards to my mother with only his first initial. I know he thought I talked too much; ironically, I never told him what I needed to. Knowing he was old, I tried to get back in touch several times to make things right, but my mother said he didn’t want to hear from me. I understand that. Why would he want to hear from the daughter who was never able to forgive him for his mistakes; who brought them up time after time, unable to accept his apologies? Who prevented him from seeing his granddaughter? Who scolded him for his faults, yet never acknowledged his numerous kindnesses?

It’s much too late now. When I sit by his hospital bed and hold his large wrinkled hand, far too warm, and ask him to squeeze it if he can hear me, he doesn’t. So I tell him a few of the things I should have told him when he was conscious, though it’s hard to say the words: that I love him very much, and that I’m sorry about the estrangement. And it reminds me of what I’ve known for a long time: that my dad didn’t know how to be a father to me when I was young, because his father was abusive to him as a child. His father died estranged from his son; my father is dying estranged from his daughter.

I never thought that I’d feel this broken at losing him. I fantasise that his eyes will open, and that he will be conscious again for just a few days. I will give him a letter thanking him for all the things I have remembered while writing this piece, and apologizing for all the ways I have wronged him. And when I deliver the letter, I will bring my five-year-old daughter with me, so he can see her happiness and sweetness, and learn that the chain of hurt that has been passed down from generation to generation has finally been broken.

1.The separation between Father and the daughter is mainly caused by ______.

A.Father’s cruelty towards the daughter

B.Father’s irresponsibility for the family

C.the daughter’s protection of her kid from harm

D.the daughter’s misunderstanding of her father

2.Father rejected his daughter’s offer to get in touch with him because ______.

A.he was too ashamed to face his daughter

B.he couldn’t support his daughter any more

C.he couldn’t pardon his daughter’s ignorance

D.he was content to live away from his daughter

3.The author’s father can be described as ______.

A.generous, cold and stubborn B.strict, caring and stubborn

C.generous, strict and inconsiderate D.caring, cold and inconsiderate

4.What message does the author want to convey in the underlined part?

A.The granddaughter will break the family chain to live freely.

B.The previous way of family education will no longer continue.

C.There will be no restriction in the family from that moment on.

D.Father will leave the world without any regrets and sufferings.

5.What might be the best title of the passage?

A.East or west, home is best B.A good medicine tastes bitter

C.It’s no use crying over spilt milk D.Where there is life, there is hope

Edgar Alan Poe was and is an abnormal figure among the major American writers of his period. It seems to have been true of Poe that no one could look at him without seeing more than they would wish.

Poe published The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket in 1838,his only novel. Its importance is suggested by the fact that his major work comes after it. The Narrative’s shortcomings are sometimes considered to be the fact that it was written for money, as it surely was, and as almost everything else Poe wrote was also. This is not exceptional among writers anywhere, though in the case of Poe it is often treated as if his having done so were disgraceful. Be that as it may, the Narrative makes its way to a peak as strange and powerful as anything to be found in his greatest tales.

The word that reoccurs most importantly in Poe's fictions is horror. His stories are often shaped to bring the narrator and the reader to a place where the use of the word is reasonable, where the word and the experience it arouses are explored or by implication defined. Perhaps it is because Poe's tales test the limits of mental health and good manners that he is both popular and criticized.

The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym has the grand scale of the nineteenth-century voyage of discovery, and a different and larger scale in the suggestions that appear as the voyage goes on. The Narrative is frequently compared with Moby-Dick, published thirteen years later, after Poe’s death. Poe uses whiteness as a highly ambiguous symbol, by no means to be interpreted as purity or holiness or by association with any other positive value. There is blackness, too, in The Narrative, specifically associated with the populations that live in the regions nearest the South Pole. The native people in Tasmania, the island south of Australia, were said by explorers and settlers to be black, and were in any case, with the word “black,” swept into the large category of those related to displacement, exploitation, and worse.

Something very like the occupation of Kentucky by white settlers lies behind the events that bring Pym to the far-sighted conclusion of his narrative. In the early years of the nineteenth century the British began what made the native people of Tasmania die out, who had tried to resist white invasion of their island. Such occupations were, of course, a major business of Europeans, or whites, almost everywhere in the world at the time Poe wrote. They, were boasted of as progress. It would have required unusual sensibility in Poe to have taken a different, very dark view of the phenomenon. But he was an unusual man. And the horror that fascinated him and gave such dreadful unity to his tales is often the unavoidable, conflict of the self by a perfect justice, the exposure of a guilty act in a form that makes its reveal a falling back of the mind against itself.

Young Pym is simply telling a story of a kind popular at the time, a voyage adventure lived out beyond the farthest reaches of exploration. The story is disturbed by its own deeper tendencies, the rising through this surface of the kind of recognition that must find expression in another form of literature. As his ship approaches the region of the South Pole, Pym notes the mildness of the climate, coolly listing the resources of the islands, which were assumed by such voyagers to be there for the taking.

If The Narrative were a conventional story, the immense roar and the towering flames might attract the notice of a passing sail—and there would be no need for a note explaining its lacking an ending. But the force of the narrative carries it beyond the fate of individuals, toward an engagement with a reality beyond any temporary human drama.

1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Allan Poe was a famous America writer of his period.

B. People expect too much of the American writer—Alan Poe.

C. Unlike other writers, Allan Poe is a unique and unusual writer.

D. People think Poe is a popular novelist like other famous writers.

2.Where is the novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym probably set?

A. In the South Pacific.    B. In Australia.

C. At the South Pole.    D. In Kentucky.

3.Which of the following can describe the characteristic of The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym?

A. Poverty is the main theme of the novel.

B. The novel is full of justice elements.

C. Blackness can possibly be felt in the novel.

D. Whiteness is the obvious symbol of the novel.

4.Which of the following might be taken from the novel The Narrative?

A. “One of these adventures was related by way of introduction to a longer narrative.”

B. “Gordon Pym’s father was a respectable trader at Nantucket, where Pym was born.”

C. “The wind, as I before said, blew freshly from the southwest. The night was very cold.”

D. “Pym at length hit upon the idea of working on the terrors and guilty conscience of the mate.”

5.Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?

A. The Narrative is an adventurous story written in a conventional way.

B. The Narrative is considered one of Alan Poe's famous novels.

C. Allan Poe was misunderstood to write The Narrative for money.

D. Readers might not understand why The Narrative ended so abruptly.

    Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!

Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich.

The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating(分离) cow DNA then inserting it into yeast. This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.

The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional（传统的） milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.

The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers.

1.The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.

A. alternatives B. people

C. products D. reasons

2.What can be inferred from paragraph 4?

A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.

B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.

C. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.

D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow’s milk.

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Healthier Cheese B. New Milk Saves Planet

C. Fresher Milk, Better Future D. Making Milk without Cows

The following ads come from UW (University of Washington) newspaper called The Daily.

1.If you are looking for a job only for the summer, how many choices do you have?

A.One. B.Two.

C.Three. D.Four.

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the ads?

A.If you are good at swimming, you can try a job at 206-555-3989.

B.All the companies advertising on the Daily are trustworthy.

C.As a student, you don't need to pay a deposit when renting rooms.

D.The fees for parking near University of Washington are the same.

    Several weeks ago I got a call from a good friend whose husband had just been diagnosed with cancer. “Do we tell the kids?” she asked. “_______.” I answered “The boys deserve to know the_______,however heartbreaking it is,” I continued. Adults always insist that children be honest, _______ how many of us are honest with our kids, particularly about the_______ stuff: death, disease, corruption, our own failings?

I believe in telling children the truth. I believe this is vital for their understanding of the world, their confidence, and the _______ of their morals and values. This doesn’t mean kids need to be unnecessarily frightened or told more than they can_______.

Many people think they’re protecting children when they spare them the truth. I _______. I believe children _______ an enviable ability to cope with and _______ what even adults find annoying; they can accept the unacceptable in a way that __________ me. Kids also have an unusual sense when something is __________. They know a fake smile when they see one, they realize when we’re uneasy, and they can __________ when we’re lying.

One night I was in the car with our two oldest daughters. It was dark and cozy — the __________ time for a heart-to-heart conversation. One of our girls said, “Mom, have you ever smoked cigarettes?” I stalled (故意拖延) a little, but the girls __________. They had me and they knew it .  __________ I told them the truth. What happened next was an honest and direct__________ about the lure and danger of cigarettes, well worth any discomfort. I believe my honesty was much more__________ than warnings or platitudes (老生常谈).

Time marches on, and so do__________. While I’ve made mistakes as a parent, I do have clear and__________ relationships with each of our children. I believe my being truthful with our children has__________, because I’m pretty sure that now they are honest with me.

1.A.Quickly B.Especially C.Finally D.Absolutely

2.A.truth B.answer C.way D.cause

3.A.and B.but C.or D.for

4.A.new B.dangerous C.tough D.original

5.A.arrangement B.development C.commitment D.assessment

6.A.prevent B.enjoy C.handle D.skip

7.A.survive B.hesitate C.admit D.disagree

8.A.possess B.seek C.balance D.skip

9.A.make notes of B.make use of C.make sense of D.make mention of

10.A.scares B.astonishes C.discourages D.embarrasses

11.A.over B.important C.wrong D.impossible

12.A.tell B.pretend C.monitor D.interrupt

13.A.local B.perfect C.long D.last

14.A.quarreled B.laughed C.insisted D.sighed

15.A.Again B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Therefore

16.A.concern B.discussion C.defense D.complaint

17.A.effective B.careful C.emotional D.gentle

18.A.parents B.dreams C.grades D.children

19.A.special B.proper C.open D.personal

20.A.fell off B.went off C.set off D.paid off

Trump is an       father who impressed on his children the importance of independence and hard work when they were young.

A.aggressive B.alarming

C.abnormal D.awesome

While ______ the National Congress of Communist Party, President Xi instructed the party never to forget ______ we started and then we can  accomplish our mission (使命).

A.addressing；where B.sponsoring；when

C.delivering；when D.dismissing；where

（题文）The Mp3 ________ young people ________ a bit of decline recently with the appearance of the Mp4.

A. intending to; has entered into    B. intended for; has gone into

C. meant to; takes on    D. meant for; opens up

A student ______ read too many books, which helps broaden his horizons and enrich his mind.

A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't

—Will you take over at the next service area? I want a short rest.

—Sure. You ______ for over four hours by then.

A.have driven B.have been driving

C.will be driving D.will have been driving