假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Welcome to the Great Wall. Measured more than 6,000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the long wall in the world. It had a long history of more than 2,000 years. That is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is main made of stones and bricks, and that all the construction was done by hand. As it was used to protecting the country from foreign invaders, every a few hundred meters along the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as a symbol of China, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous tourist attraction in the world. There is no wonder that the Great Wall attracts thousands foreign tourists every year.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Workers in India are moving over 300 crocodiles from their home because they are too near a new tourist sight. They could be a danger to tourists 1. (visit) the new Statue of Unity which was opened to the public recently. It is 182 meters high and is the 2. (tall) statue in the world. It is next to a reservoir, which is also home to many crocodiles. Tourism officials want to have the crocodiles 3. (move) so seaplanes for tourists can land on4.reservoir. If the crocodiles stayed, they could be dangerous and attack tourists. Officials are using 5. (cage)to catch the animals. They are going to a new home in another part of Gujarat.

Animal lovers are angry about the moving. One said, “The government is disturbing their home and putting their lives 6.risk. The government hasn't thought out where it will set free the seized crocodiles safely.” So far, only 17 of the animals 7. (catch)and moved. Another said, “Have we collectively lost our minds? 8. any environmentalist will tell you, this is 9.(complete) crazy.” Moving the crocodiles could break India's wildlife protection laws. An official said the crocodiles had to go for “10. (secure) reasons”.

    Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a 12-year-old. Yet, he went unnoticed — he had been ____ every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma.

In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was ____ for basic skills.

“You all did pretty well,” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the ____, “except for one boy. And it _____my heart to tell you this, but…” she ___ , “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve ____ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.

After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma ____punished him, he remained ___ .

“Steve, please! I care about you!”

____, Steve got it! “Someone CARES ABOUT ME?!”

One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a ____ on the weekend homework. Steve ____ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of ____, Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.

Miss Wilma’s face was in ____ shock! She glanced up at Steve, then ____, then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!

From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand_____, but he could translate what he learned into his life. He became______.

After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n)_____military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have _____themselves without him.

A _____took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher, who ____.

1.A.missing B.failing C.passing D.skipping

2.A.tested B.classified C.separated D.reflected

3.A.questions B.effects C.lessons D.results

4.A.fills B.presses C.breaks D.destroys

5.A.stopped B.hesitated C.interrupted D.shouted

6.A.dropped B.raised C.covered D.closed

7.A.strangely B.steadily C.severely D.secretly

8.A.helpless B.stubborn C.flexible D.clumsy

9.A.Commonly B.Unwillingly C.Particularly D.Suddenly

10.A.quiz B.chance C.speech D.presentation

11.A.slept B.looked C.lived D.hurried

12.A.disappointment B.surprise C.satisfaction D.encouragement

13.A.adequate B.total C.precious D.absurd

14.A.down B.away C.out D.back

15.A.homework B.grades C.knowledge D.subjects

16.A.talented B.lazy C.outstanding D.rough

17.A.tiring B.ordinary C.hardworking D.successful

18.A.relied on B.looked after C.turned to D.believed in

19.A.competition B.choice C.change D.campaign

20.A.waited B.listened C.desired D.cared

    Do you think you’ve lost your inspiration? Maybe the ups and downs of life and work have affected you. You're not alone. The majority of people across the world are trying newer and easier ways to get inspired. 1.They start thinking to themselves that they are no good. And only a handful of people can stay inspired for life. You can get inspired for life anytime you want. That's the potential of being human.

Alone time is just as important as socializing time. It is important to stay alone for you to understand your thoughts and emotions at a deeper level. 2.It's always inside of you, waiting to be used.

Do you have goals? If you don't, now is the time to write them down. A person without goals has no direction. And he or she can never know if he or she is making progress or not. Create your life goals and then break them down to yearly goals, monthly goals, weekly goals and daily goals, You can even go deeper to hourly goals.3.

When socializing, listen to the stories of other people, You’ll be happy to realize how fortunate you really are. Most of the people around you have gone through things you might never imagine. 4. Listen to their stories and how they settled their problems. You can also read an inspiring book or watch a movie to get the inspiration you need to move forward.

5. If you’re lost your inspiration, you can put to practice these tips any time. It's time to start living with passion.

A. Inspiration comes from inside.

B. Inspiration also comes from your success.

C. But they give up along the way gradually.

D. And there they are standing in front of you.

E. Everyone needs inspiration to succeed in life.

F. But they always keep their experiences a secret.

G. Having a sense of direction will keep you inspired.

    In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife- not the husband –becomes seriously ill.

“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce, " said researcher Amelia Karraker.

Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2, 717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.

The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic ( 慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.

“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said, "They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.

While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill. Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses(配偶),”  Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”

Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.

“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages.” she said. “But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”

1.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?

A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.

B.They are not taken seriously any more.

C.They are as binding as they used to be.

D.They may help couples tide over hard times.

2.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?

A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.

B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.

C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.

D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.

3.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?

A.They are more accustomed to receiving care.

B.They find it more important to make money for the family.

C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.

D.They expect society to do more of the job.

4.What does Karraker think is also important?

A.Reducing marital stress on wives.

B.Stabilizing old couples' relations.

C.Providing extra care for divorced women.

D.Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.

    When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn't there anymore.

Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full-time lecturer at the university of Washionton Bothell, US, an idea for a class.

This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix--that “this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”

Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者)， Then he did his own reading and research，and changed his mind.

Dillon wasn't going into environmental work- he was a computer-science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.

Six months into the work he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for--a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.

Atkinson said she hopes the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes .

“We are already changing the planet--so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted, "she said, “The future isn't going to be what they imagined.”

1.Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?

A.To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.

B.To prove Fawn Sharp's work is similar to Atkinson's.

C.To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.

D.To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.

2.What's the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?

A.To explore how different people deal with climate change.

B.To get students more concemed about the environmental Issue.

C.To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.

D.To teach students how to conduct research about environment.

3.Which of the following best explains "intractable" underlined in Paragraph Three?

A.Simple. B.Difficult.

C.Common. D.Interesting.

4.How did Atkinsons class influence Dillon?

A.It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration Projects.

B.It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.

C.It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.

D.It discouraged him from protecting the environment.

    For a generation now, school reform has meant what students must be taught and carried out by standardized（标准化的）tests.

Here’s a thought experiment. Suppose that next year almost every student passed the tests. What would the reaction be from people? Would they shake their heads in respect and say, “Damn, those teachers must be good!”?

Of course not. Such remarkable success would be used as evidence that the tests were too easy and it needs to raise standards. “High standards” really means “standards that all students will never be able to meet”. My little thought experiment uncovers a truth that we have been taught to respond with doubt whenever all members of any group are successful. In America, success doesn’t count unless it is got by only a few.

Consider widespread complaints about “grade inflation（膨胀）” in higher education. Many people don’t even bother to stress that grades have risen over time. They simply point to how many students get A’s right now. The goal, in other words, isn’t to do well but to defeat other people who are also trying to do well. Grades in testing should be used to announce who’s beating whom. A school’s final task, apparently, is not to help everyone learn but to prepare the game so that there will always be losers.

This makes no sense in any situation. Perhaps, for example, we can defend rating states or nations based on the quality of their air, health care or schools, but ranking them is foolish. School testing ranking doesn’t lead to improvements in performance but tends to hold us back from doing our best. It makes productive teamwork less likely and leads all concerned to focus not on meaningful improvements but on trying to beat everyone else.

Most of all, it encourages the false belief that excellence is a zero-sum game. It would be more reasonable to rescue the spirit of the concept: Everyone may not succeed, but at least in theory all of us could.

1.What did the writer’s thought experiment prove?

A.Good teachers represent higher test scores.

B.Excellence is regarded as a rare thing.

C.American tests are usually too easy.

D.Students don’t meet the test standards.

2.What does the writer think American schools seem to do?

A.Promote teachers to teach better. B.Remove the belief of beating others.

C.Help all students do well at school. D.Ensure the existence of failures.

3.What is the writer’s attitude towards schools testing ranking?

A.Disapproving. B.Optimistic.

C.Sympathetic. D.Unconcerned.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.How Can Students Succeed? B.Why Can’t Everyone Get A’s?

C.What Standards Do Schools Set? D.Who Get Best Grades at School?

    Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition & Theatre Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare’s works. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright(剧作家)，Shakespeare, and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him.

Group Visits to the Exhibition &Theatre Tour

Opening Hours

Exhibition: Monday—Sunday  9:00a.m.-5:.0p.m

Theatre Tours:

November-February   9:30a.m.-4:30p.m

March-October    Monday:  9:30a.m.-5:00p.m

Tuesday-Saturday  9:30a.m.-12:30p.m   Sunday   9:30a.m.-11:30a.m

Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own guide for free. To make a reservation, please fill in a group request form and return it to us via email.

Exhibition and Theatre Tour Prices

Adult:£15.00  Senior(60+)£13.50  Student( with valid ID)£11.50  Child(5-15) £8.00

Complimentary: Every 16th person is free

• Getting here

Shakespeare’s Globe, 21 New Globe Walk, London SE19DT,UK

We have currently improved security, with all bags being checked. Please arrive in good time, and do not bring any large bags and check the calendar before your visit or call 44(0)20 7902 1500 to find out about our latest opening times.

Visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi. There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge ( open 24 hours, seven days a week). Cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It may also be possible to pick one up from outside the entrance hall on New Globe Walk.

Where to eat

Swan at Shakespeare's Globe serves modern British seasonal food for dinner, afternoon tea or drinks, which is a beautiful bar and restaurant set over two floors, available for pre- and post-theatre dining.

Swan Restaurant

Monday-Friday    12noon-2:30p.m.& 6:00p.m-10:30p.m

Saturday:     12noon-3:30p.m.&6:00p.m

Sunday:     12noon-9:00p.m.

1.If a group of 20 children visit the Exhibition &Theatre Tour , what is required for them to do?

A.They need to hire a guide themselves.

B.They must be accompanied by an adult.

C.They have to pay £ 160 for tickets in total.

D.They need to make a reservation in advance.

2.Which of the following applies to visitors?

A.They're able to get a taxi near Southwark Bridge.

B.They can park on the south side of Southwark Bridge.

C.They are required to deposit their bags before entering.

D.It's more convenient to drive there than taking public transport.

3.What can we know about Swan Restaurant?

A.Afternoon tea is not served on Sunday.

B.It serves traditional seasonal food for dinner.

C.It is closed from 3 p. m. to 5 P. m. on workdays.

D.It serves three meals, drinks and afternoon tea.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.你安排了车来飞机场接我，想得真周到。( arrange)

2.医生告诫家长吃太多垃圾食品和快餐食品对孩子身体有害。(warn)

3.通过新技术，这一开发区域为中国发展最快的区域之一。( prove)

4.我们能保证你会对我们产品和服务的质量感到满意。( guarantee)

5.他常常由于巨大的工作压力而整夜失眠，这令家人对他的健康忧心忡忡。( which)

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.

If someone you know asks you nosy (爱管闲事的) questions, then you are not obliged to answer if you don’t want to. Here it is more important that you have some polite brush-off (拒绝), but it is still not rude for you to refuse.

If you think they shouldn’t have asked the question like ‘How much money do you earn?’, then I strongly recommend looking very shocked and saying ‘I can’t believe you just asked me that!’ and either leaving them to get out of it or moving on yourself to another subject. If they try to press you by saying ‘I was just interested…’. Then you can keep the shocked look and say ‘I’ m not telling you that with as much emphasis as you like on the ‘you’.

But what if the question isn’t quite so unforgivable? Then you need a more smiling response: ‘I can’t possibly tell you that’ or ‘I’m not telling anyone that’ or ‘Wouldn’t you like to know?’ But you must stand firm, because otherwise they’ll never learn and will keep expecting you to tell them your innermost secrets. There is certainly never any need to tell your secrets just because someone else told theirs.

There are questions that seem perfectly reasonable- ‘Are you planning to move?’, ‘Are you going to go back to work?’, ‘Are you going on holiday this year?’-but if answered truthfully might lead to unexpected revelations of something bad. Here you are free to tell white lies and say ‘We don’t know/ haven’t decided yet/ haven’t really thought about it’. Looking vague and changing the subject is the key here. If the question was reasonable, then it’s polite to embarrass the asker as little as possible-they were probably only making conversation in the first place.

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

The Polities of Social Media

In recent years, social media has become the fastest way to reach the greatest number of people. 1. Because of this, politicians have started using it extensively to further their campaigns.

Initially, this sounds like a good idea. Politicians need to use methods that are familiar and relevant to voters, and social media is much more interactive than traditional campaign advertising. 2. By inter-acting on social media, politicians can find out what is truly important to constituents (选民). In a way, this makes the process even more democratic.

3.. In a US Senate election, a conservative organization conducted a campaign against the Democratic candidate Martha Coakley. It opened several fake accounts and sent out Twitter messages accusing her of accepting bribes, Twitter found out about it and shut the accounts down, but the messages had already reached over 60,000 people, and the result stayed in search engines even longer. She lost the election to the Republican candidate, and while there are other reasons that are likely to have influenced her loss, this shows how easily false information can spread.

Of course, the false information online doesn’t only come from politicians. There are a host of other ways news sources and advertisers try to influence our views. Even respected news sites such as CNN have used staged reports related to war news, just to create a greater sense of drama. 4.. If you follow the news closely, it’s usually easy to see whether the news is more conservative or liberal leaning.

Does social media make politics more transparent or does it distort them even more? That may depend on what sites you read and how well you check your facts.

A. Perhaps the speed and extent is all that has really changed.

B. However, it can also be misused in a way that is far more effective than negative advertising.

C. Most news outlets, while supposedly unbiased(无偏见的), do have certain political preference.

D. If a politician does something ridiculous online, people notice and call them out on it.

E. A tweet or video can reach hundreds of thousands in just a few hours.

F. Users can comment on statements and make suggestions for new discussions.

    What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.

In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.

As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.

1.Which of the following statements is not true?

A.Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.

B.It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.

C.The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.

D.There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.

2.A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ______.

A.she is emotionally shocked

B.she has a good knowledge of inheritance

C.she takes part in all kind of activities

D.she sticks to studying

3.According to the passage, a child may inherit ______.

A.everything from his mother

B.a knowledge of mathematics

C.a rather general ability that we call intelligence

D.her mother’s musical ability

4.If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will _____.

A.surely become musician

B.mostly become a poet

C.possibly become a teacher

D.become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music

    Chicago Doctor Invents Affordable Hearing Aid

Superb Performance From Affordable Digital Hearing Aids

Board certified Ear, Nose, and Throat physician Dr. Cherukuri has done it once again with his newest invention of a medical grade, ALLDIGITAL, affordable hearing aid.

Dr. Cherukuri knew that untreated hearing loss could lead to depression, social isolation, anxiety, and symptoms consistent with Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease In his practice he knew that many of his patients would benefit from new digital hearing aids but many couldn’t afford the expense, which is not generally covered by Medicare and most private health insurance policies.

Same Technology as $3, 500 Hearing Aids

He evaluated all the high-priced digital hearing aids on the market and then created his own affordable version-called MD Hearing Aid AIR for its virtually invisible, light weight appearance. This doctor designed digital hearing aid delivers clear sound all day long and the soft flexible ear domes are so comfortable you won’t realize you are wearing them.

This new digital hearing aid is packed with the features of $3,500 competitors at a small part of the cost. Now most people with hearing loss are able to enjoy crystal clear, natural sound-in a crowd, on the phone, in the wind-without “whistling” and annoying background noise.

Try It at Home with a 45 Day Riskfree trial

Of course hearing is believing, and we invite you to try it for yourself with our RISKFREE 45 Day home trial. If you are not completely satisfied simply return it within that time period for a full refund of your purchase price.

·Mini behind-x001F-the-x001F-ear Digital Hearing Aid

·Audiologist-x001 F-Tested

·FDA-X001F-Registered

·FREE Shipping in the USA

·Batteries Included! Comes Ready To Use

·Doctor-x001 Recommended

·Nearly Invisible

·Thousands of satisfied Customers

·100% Money-x001 F-Back Guarantee

For the lowest price Call Today 8003156343

Phone Lines Open 24 Hours EVERY DAY

Use Offer Code ct13 to get Free Batteries for a Full Year!

1.Dr. Cherukuri invented his MD Hearing Aid AIR in order to ______.

A.provide patients with low-priced hearing aid of high quality.

B.make high-priced hearing aid easily accessible on the market.

C.prevent untreated diseases such as depression and social isolation

D.have the expense of the hearing aid covered in health insurance policies

2.According to the passage, which of the following about MD Hearing Aid AIR is TRUE?

A.Its price is no more than 43, 500 including delivery fee.

B.It’s not easy for others to notice a patient wearing the hearing aid.

C.Patients wearing the hearing aid will not hear any background sound.

D.Patients are guaranteed to get the money any background sound.

3.The passage is primarily written to ______.

A.encourage people to try the new product.

B.instruct people how to us a new electronic device.

C.provide the latest information about hearing health.

D.illustrate the importance of affordable hearing aid.

    If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?

Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.

The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “ but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”

The study also found that within that group, misnaming occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.

The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1, 700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them — family or friend — had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.

In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misname was frustrated, tired or angry.

1.What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?

A.It is related to the way our memories work.

B.It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.

C.It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.

D.It often causes misunderstandings among people.

2.What is most likely the cause of misnaming?

A.Similar personality traits. B.Similar spellings of names.

C.Similar physical appearance. D.Similar pronunciation of names.

3.What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?

A.It more often than not hurts relationships.

B.It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.

C.It is most frequently found in extended families.

D.It most often occurs within a relationship groups.

4.The passage is mainly about ______.

A.scientific research on misnaming and their findings.

B.why mother misname their kids more often than fathers.

C.a brain test to explain why misnaming functions in its way.

D.the advantages and disadvantages of misnaming children.

    We’re told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens _______ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书的), joined-up handwriting was once _______ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in school _______ typing courses. And in the US, the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few US states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they’re not the _______.

Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect benefits. Anne Trubek author of The history and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can _______ a skill called auto-maticity. That’s when you’ve perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, granting you _______ mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task. In this sense, Trubek compares handwriting to driving.

“Once you have driven for a while, you don’t _______ think ‘Step on gas now’ or ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit,’” he explains. “You just do it. That’s what we want children to _______ when learning to write. You and I don’t think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘I”-or “now look for the letter ‘r’ on the keyboard’. Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn’t believe it will die out for a very long time. _______, she believes students are learning auto-maticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at earlier ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence __________. In an essay for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the __________ automaticity of keyboards, today’s children may well become better communicators in text as handwriting takes up less of their education. This is a view that has attracted both criticism and support.

She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from __________ regarding the decline of handwriting is that not protecting it will result in a “loss of history” and a “loss of __________ touch.”

On the former she __________ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can’t be read by the average person anyway-“that’s why we have paleographers (古文字学家),” she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing-while the __________ refers to the warm associations we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.

1.A.defines B.dominates C.initiate D.benefits

2.A.compulsory B.satisfactory C.optional D.selective

3.A.in honor of B.for sake of C.in favor of D.on behalf of

4.A.majority B.necessity C.standard D.advocate

5.A.generate B.reveal C.measure D.strengthen

6.A.extra B.max C.important D.frequent

7.A.seriously B.occasionally C.formatively D.consciously

8.A.consider B.acquire C.forget D.associate

9.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Fortunately D.However

10.A.structure B.interpretation C.order D.selection

11.A.renewed B.accepted C.invented D.improved

12.A.students B.schools C.critics D.experts

13.A.intensive B.personal C.close D.constant

14.A.agrees B.persuade C.counter D.confirms

15.A.writing B.latter C.manuscript D.criticism

The study of colors indicates ______ persuades people to think of the bank as a safe and reliable place.

A.what is it that B.it is what C.what it is that D.it is that

Harry never enjoys visiting large cities because he thinks one such city is much like ______.

A.another B.the other C.the others D.others

Animal’s ability to act reasonably in its environment is believed to come partly from ______ we may call “genetic learning”.

A.how B.which C.what D.why

______ with the evidence, he had no choice but to admit his crime.

A.Facing B.Faced C.To face D.Being faced

The instant he finished his description, I knew it would be years ______ everything got right.

A.that B.before C.when D.since

The weather may not be fine tomorrow, in ______ case we’ll have to put the trip off.

A.whose B.which C.that D.the

William, one of the first man ______ the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of one book.

A.exploring B.having explored C.to explore D.to be explored

This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.

A.is worm B.wears C.wearing D.are worn

______abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student.

A.Taking B.Taken

C.Being taken D.Having been taken

I prefer ______ books ______ TV, because TV programs waste me a lot of time.

A.to read; to watch B.read; than watch

C.reading; than to watch D.reading; to watching

The United States, Britain, New Zealand and so on are ______ countries.

A.speaking-English B.English-speaking C.spoken- English D.English-spoken

They have no idea at all ______.

A.where he has gone B.why he was questioned by the police

C.Both A and B D.where has he gone

Hank ______ a piece of music last month but it is still unknown whether he has finished it.

A.had composed B.composed C.has composed D.was composing

Last night we met with ______ rain at the station.

A.a quite heavy B.too heavy a C.such heavy a D.a so heavy

Yesterday I went to see him, ______ that he had gone for Beijing.

A.only to learn B.to learn only C.only learned D.learning only