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阅读理解。 Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat. I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.” I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜). But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose. My son ,with other motorheads,fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from ajunkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The lost was $25 instead of $80. Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine. 1.What used to be the author’s hope for his son? A. To avoid becoming his clone. B. To resemble him in appearance. C. To develop in a different direction. D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals. 2.What can we learn about the author’s children? A. His daughter does better in school. B. His daughter has got a master’s degree. C. His son tried hard to finish homework. D. His son couldn’t write his book reports. 3.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______. A. His son had the ability to fix it. B. it would save him much time. C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help. 4.In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______. A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude 5.What did the author realize in the end? A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path. B. It is important for one to make the honor roll. C. Architects play a more important role than builders. D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪) Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ______. A. some friends had lost their lives. B. her neighborhood was destroyed. C. her school had moved to Brooklyn. D. the elderly were free from suffering. 2.According to paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most? A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B. The people trapped in high-rise building. C. The volunteers donating money to survivors. D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 3.How did Natalie help the survivors? A. She gave her toys to the kids. B. She took care of younger children. C. She called on the White House to help. D. She built an information sharing platform. 4.What does the story intend to tell us? A. Little people can make a big difference. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. East or West, home is best. D. Technology is power.
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? A.provider B.delivery man C.collector D.medical doctor 2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours? A.He cannot stay away from his job too long. B.The donor can only wait for that long. C.The operation needs that very much. D.The ice won’t last any longer. 3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A.To London B.To Newark C.To Providence D.To Washington
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow coms to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A.Her camera stopped working. B.A woman blocked her view. C.Someone asked her to leave D.A friend approached from behind. 2.According to the author, the woman was probably_______. A.enjoying herself B.losing her patience C.waiting for the sunset D.thinking about her past 3.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive? A.The rich color of the landscape. B.The perfect positioning of the camera. C.The woman’s existence in the photo. D.The soft sunlight that summer day. 4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A.the need to be close to nature B.the importance of private space C.the joy of the vacation in Italy D.the shared passion for beauty 5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______. A.a particular life experience B.the pleasure of traveling C.the art of photography D.a lost friendship
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it. B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C.He wasn’t famous enough. D.The director recommended someone else. 2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They han similar charactertics. 3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the test? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience.
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work. C. Feeling uncertain about his future. D. Creatures forced out of their homes. 2.Why was the author called to Muttontown? A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl. 3.What made the chick calm down? A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents. 4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A. It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging.
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered (发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Pairs’s eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.” It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen，the brain is damaged quickly. Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor. Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’s heartbeat returned. “I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.” Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.” 1.What happened to Paris on a March day? A.She caught a bad cold. B.She had a sudden heart problem. C.She was knocked down by a ball. D.She shivered terribly during practice. 2.Why does Paris say she was lucky? A.She made a worthy friend. B.She recovered from shock. C.She received immediate CPR. D.She came back on the softball team. 3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A.Enthusiastic and kind. B.Courageous and calm. C.Cooperative and generous. D.Ambitious and professional.
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged（蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 1.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin. C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A.He took him to see painting exhibitions. B.He provided him with painting materials. C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D.He taught him how to make engravings. 4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to _____________. A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged（蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 1.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin. C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A.He took him to see painting exhibitions. B.He provided him with painting materials. C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D.He taught him how to make engravings. 4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to _____________. A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said. "Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said. "Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang. The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________. A.following the latest world trend B.getting international recognition C.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects 2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A.Its hilly environment. B.Its large size. C.Its unique style. D.Its diverse functions. 3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A.The mixture of different shapes. B.The balance of East and West. C.The use of popular techniques. D.The harmony of old and new. 4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A.Spread them to the world. B.Preserve them at museums. C.Teach them in universities. D.Recreate them in practice.
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719— but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________. A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature 3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.” The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river. 1.The author mentions the joke to show ______. A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous 2.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______. A. get rid of the street dirt B. lower the Chicago River C. fight against heavy floods D. build the pipes above ground 3.The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means “_______”. A. change B. lift C. repair D. decorate 4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A. It went on smoothly as intended. B. It interrupted the business of the hotel. C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews. D. It separated the building from its foundation. 5.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______. A. popular life styles and their influences B. environmental disasters and their causes C. engineering problems and their solutions D. successful businessmen and their achievements
C If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by fillingitwith light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected . In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost. We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself. Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead. 1.According to the passage, human being . A.prefer to live in the darkness B.are used to living in the day light C.were curious about the midnight world D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon 2.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A.The night. B.The moon C.The sky D.The planet 3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to . A.provide examples of animal protection B.show how light pollution affects animals C.compare the living habits of both species D.explain why the number of certain species has declined 4.It is implied in the last paragraph that . A.light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C.human beings cannot go to the outer space D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 5.What might be the best title for the passage? A.The Magic light. B.The Orange Haze. C.The Disappearing Night. D.The Rhythms of Nature.
D Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say. David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep. Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night. He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy." And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being morenocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep." Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas. 1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much? A. The breeding season. B. The light in modern life C. The dangerous environment. D. The noise from heavy machinery. 2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output? A. The environment might be polluted. B. The birds' health might be damaged. C. The industry cost might be increased. D. The people's hearing might be affected. 3.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night. C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day. 4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments? A. Because there are fewer dangers. B. Because there is more food to eat. C. Because there is less light pollution D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1? A.It is named after a South American fisherman. B.It takes place almost every year all over the world. C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 2.What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected? A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B.Droughts become more harmful than floods. C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________. A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A.To introduce El Nino and its origin. B.To explain the consequences of El Nino. C.To show ways of fighting against El Nino. D.To urge people to prepare for El Nino.
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ” 1.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________. A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wild C. are found only in California D. almost died out in the 1980s 2.Researchers have found electrical lines are _________. A. blocking condors’ journey home B. big killers of California condors C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away 3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________. A. makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds 4.This passage shows that _________. A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem
Old problem，new approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There is no ‘onesize fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting. Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process. In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the lifegiving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”． More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others. 1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ________． A.adaptation is an everchanging process B.the cost of adaptation varies with time C.global warming affects adaptation forms D.adaptation to climate change is challenging 2.What is special with regard to Rezwan's project? A.The project receives government support. B.Different organizations work with each other. C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D.The project connects flooded roads and highways. 3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming? A.Storing ice for future use. B.Protecting the glaciers from melting. C.Changing the irrigation time. D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers. 4.What do we learn from the Peru example? A.White paint is usually safe for buildings. B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped. C.This country is heating up too quickly. D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming. 5.According to the author, polluting industries should ________． A.adapt to carbon pollution B.plant highly profitable crops C.leave carbon emission alone D.fight against carbon pollution 6.What's the author's preferred solution to global warming? A.Setting up a new standard. B.Reducing carbon emission. C.Adapting to climate change. D.Monitoring polluting industries.
Plastic-Eating Worms
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂ 1.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food. B.They are newly evolved creatures. C.They can consume plastics. D.They wind up in landfills. 2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms. B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. C.To present a way to break down plastics. D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs? A.The living habits of species in food webs. B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator ________. A.has a wide food choice B.can easily find new prey C.sticks to one prey species D.can quickly move to another place 3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline? A.The prey species they directly attack will die out. B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. 4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4? A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C.Species of commercial value dominate other species. D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable. 5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance? A.By getting illegal practices under control. B.By stopping us from killing large predators. C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients. Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ” 1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. 2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage？ A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B.The increasing variety of California big trees. C.The distribution of big trees in California forests. D.The influence of farming on big trees in California. 2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A.Ecological studies of forests. B.Banning woodcutting. C.Limiting housing development. D.Fire control measures. 3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season. C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
假如你是《当代中学生》的主编Li Hua，你收到了一封读者来信，请根据信件内容，给Confused daughter写封建议信。 Dear Sir, I have a mum who is just like a camera in the home. She wants to know everything about me and decides everything for me. I know that is her special love to me, yet I still hope she can respect and trust me. Could you please give me some advice? Best regards, Confused daughter 注意:1. 词数100左右; 2. 信的开头已为你写出，不计入总词数。 参考词句: 私人空间: private space 代 沟:generation gap Dear Confused daughter, I’m deeply concerned about your situation. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua
根据必修一、必修二背诵段落，准确补全以下句子。 1.I can well remember that _____ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that _____ properly. 3.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage _____.” 4.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event _____. 5.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is _____ a life of high quality.
根据首字母或所给汉语意思，写出空缺单词的正确形式(每空只写一词；请使用必修一、二单词表词汇)。 1.The anti-smoking movement has only partly _______(成功). 2.Anytime we give a speech, we should speak loud and _______(自信). 3.It’s _______(恐惧) to think how easily children can be hurt. 4.We are discussing a theme _______(探索) by Mrs. Gaskell in her later novels. 5.I notice that the _______(广告) misses out the price of the product. 6.We finished the project three weeks ahead of s_______. 7.He may look young, but he is a________45 years old. 8.My boss is r________ from a heart attack. 9.Jenifer cut the cake into six e________ parts, so everyone can have the same piece. 10.The Titanic s________after hitting an iceberg.
It’s not easy for me to forget the guy, whom I call Bean. For the past year and a half, I _____Bean almost every workday morning. In the beginning I ______ Bean. After all, he’s just a beggar on the freeway off-ramp (匝道) who ______ people at a stoplight that seems to always be red. Over time a few things dawned on me. The first was that it was always the ______ guy at this off-ramp. The next was that he never actually ______ anything. He just danced and waved at everyone. Then ______, and perhaps the most important, was that he was ALWAYS ______. Some days he was dancing and playing a guitar. Most days he’d wave a cardboard at cars, smiling. Bean slowly became part of my ______ routine(常规). I noticed this one day, only because he wasn’t there and ______ danced and waved at me. I ______ him. I worried something had happened to him. I ______ to look for him every morning as I came down the ramp to that red light. One morning, after one of these ______, I was so relieved to see him that it was like the sun had come out after a week-long storm. I sat at the red light, watching his morning ______. I realized that I, too, was smiling and ______ myself waving back. Wow, something as ______ as a wave brought ______ to my whole day. I finished the drive to work that morning, feeling lighter and happier. I ______ you now. Look around you. Look at your life, your surroundings, and ______ just your grocery store with eyes that truly see. What ______ lies in front of you. Do you have a Bean in your life you haven’t noticed yet? Watch for them. They will ______ your life in ways you can’t even dream. 1.A.joined B.knew C.contacted D.saw 2.A.inspected B.ignored C.avoided D.supported 3.A.stops B.bites C.traps D.greets 4.A.same B.poor C.mean D.special 5.A.gave away B.held up C.picked up D.asked for 6.A.really B.presently C.finally D.frequently 7.A.happy B.helpful C.careful D.painful 8.A.walking B.morning C.working D.testing 9.A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody 10.A.missed B.affected C.searched D.dreamed 11.A.continued B.thought C.started D.stopped 12.A.preparations B.absences C.signals D.failures 13.A.moving B.working C.exercising D.dancing 14.A.kept B.suggested C.found D.imagined 15.A.small B.strange C.obvious D.common 16.A.victories B.successes C.devotions D.blessings 17.A.remind B.challenge C.broadcast D.accept 18.A.even B.still C.ever D.nearly 19.A.motto B.secret C.magic D.beauty 20.A.change B.enrich C.protect D.touch
Do you want to be excellent in study? Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being an excellent student! Pay attention to everything the teacher says. I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. 1.. Taking notes is important. You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 2.. This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing. Don’t skip school. You will be missing out on stuff(东西). 3.. However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It’s most likely that your teacher won’t appreciate it and you will get yourself behind. Keep a good attitude towards things. 4., then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake. 5.. There is no shame in needing some help. If you don’t understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you are really a poor learner. A. Enjoy your class B. Always ask questions C. Write in your own words D. When you do poorly in your study E. It is true that you could make up the work F. If you have an “I don’t care about study” attitude G. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures
Parents who have books in the home increase the level of education their children will attain(获得), whether rich or poor, according to a 20-year study led by Mariah Evans. For years, educators have thought the strongest predictor(预示物) of attaining high levels of education was having parents who were highly educated. But, the study showed that the difference between being raised in a bookless home compared to being raised in a home with a 500-book library has as great an effect on the level of education a child will attain as the difference between having parents who are barely literate (有文化的) and having parents who have a university education. Being a sociologist, Evans was particularly interested to find that children of less-educated parents benefit the most from having books in the home. What kinds of investments should we make to help these kids get ahead? The results of this study indicate that getting some books into their homes is an inexpensive way that we can help these children succeed. Evans said, “Even a little bit goes a long way. Having as few as 20 books in the home still has a significant impact on motivating a child to a higher level of education, and the more books you add, the greater benefit the children get.” The researchers were struck by the strong effect having books in the home had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond such factors as education level of the parents, the father's occupation or the economic level of the country. Having books in the home is twice as important as the father's education level, and more important than whether a child was brought up in a developing country or a developed country. Surprisingly, the difference in educational attainment for children born in a developed country and children born in a developing country was just 2 years, less than two-thirds of the effect that having 500 or more books in the home had on children. 1.In the past educators held a point of view that ______ . A.children whose family had a library would possibly attain high levels of education B.children who were born in poor families studied harder than those in rich families C.children whose parents are highly educated would attain high levels of education D.parents’ level of education had nothing to do with their children’s levels of education 2.What does the underlined word “motivating” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Making somebody want to do something. B.Helping somebody to finish something C.Making somebody pretend to do something. D.Preventing somebody from achieving something. 3.Which of the following has the most important effect on the level of education a child will gain? A.The economic level of the country. B.The father’s occupation. C.Education levels of parents. D.Having books in the home.
Something Fun A person is on trial for murder in a court room in Oklahoma. There is strong evidence indicating that he is guilty（有罪的）. However, the body is not found. In the defense’s (辩护方) closing speech, the lawyer, knowing that his client (委托人) is guilty and that it looks like he’ll probably be seriously punished, decided to play a clever trick. “Ladies and gentlemen of the jury (陪审团), I have a surprise for you all,” the lawyer says as he looks at his watch. “Within one minute, the person assumed dead in this case will walk into this court room,” he says and he looks towards the court-room door. The jury, somewhat surprised, looks at the door eagerly. A minute passes. Nothing happens. Finally the lawyer says, “Actually, I made up the previous statement. But you all waited with expectation. I, therefore, put it to you that there is a reasonable doubt in this case as to whether anyone was killed and insist that you pass a judgment of not guilty.” The jury, clearly confused, back off to discuss. A very few minutes later, the jury returned and one of them pronounces a verdict (裁决) of guilty. “But how?” asks the lawyer in surprise. “You must have had some doubt; I saw all of you stare at the door.” Answers the jury member, “Oh, we did look. But your client didn’t.” 1.Why was the person on trial according to the passage? A.Because he couldn’t pay off the debts. B.Because he probably killed somebody. C.Because he didn’t pay the tax in time. D.Because he planned to cheat the jury. 2.Why did the lawyer come up with the trick? A.To find the body. B.To frighten the jury. C.To help his client. D.To save himself. 3.Why did the jury look at the door eagerly? A.The lawyer’s words must be true. B.They expected his family to come in. C.They were surprised and cheated by the lawyer. D.They thought the person on trial was escaping. 4.What did the jury member’s answer mean in the last paragraph? A.They firmly believed that nobody was killed. B.The behaviour of the client gave him away. C.The jury still needed more evidence to prove it. D.The lawyer’s words were worth thinking about.
Nearly all of us have a bad habit, whether we know it or not. Some people say they want to get rid of（摆脱）it but don't know the proper ways. Here's some advice on how to get rid of bad habits. Make a list. Write down why you want to stop a certain behaviour, how it's hurting you and how to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly. Join in other activities. It's wise of you to do something else when you want to stop your bad habits. If you get angry easily, for example, you can practise having a deep breath or going for a walk. Give yourself a present. Before you take action against a bad habit, decide what you'll do to celebrate it if you reach your goal, Keep off bad habits. If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house.If you are a heavy smoker with coffee, turn to tea and keep away from friends who like smoking. Be patient. Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won’t be able to get rid of them quickly. In fact, people often give up several times before being successful, so you should be patient. Find support. Don't be afraid to ask for support from friends, family or other people who have the same bad habits as you. When you talk to others, they might be able to provide advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn't get from yourself. 1.If you want to lose weight, you should . A.drink more coffee B.refuse the junk food C.find support from friends D.find a heavy smoker 2.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage? A.It's not easy to get rid of bad habits in a short time. B.You can write down the reasons for getting rid of bad habits. C.When talking to others, you can get what you can't get from yourself. D.When you want to stop your bad habits, don't do anything. 3.From the passage you can learn . A.how to get rid of bad habits B.why we have some bad habits C.what to do to have a bad habit D.where to find some support
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 1.What is The Bookworm? A.A café. B.A restaurant. C.A bookstore. 2.What was the speaker excited about? A.Traveling in Beijing. B.Meeting his favorite singer. C.Hearing someone give a speech. 3.How long had the speaker waited at The Bookworm? A.One hour. B.One and a half hours. C.Two hours. 4.What was the speaker wrong about? A.The place. B.The month. C.The day.
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