Do you ever throw away food at home? Have you ever thought about what happens to the food that shops and supermarkets don't sell? Well，you might be shocked to find out that about one third of food produced for humans gets wasted. What's more，around 800 million people in the world don't live a healthy life for lack of food.

Many people in the UK and across the world are trying to do something with this situation. They are trying their best to make use of eatable food that is thrown away.

For example，there is a coffee bar in Leeds (UK) whose meals are all cooked with unsold food from supermarkets. The spare food is turned into delicious food to feed the hungry people of Leeds. Customers  just pay what they can afford or help the bar wash something. In just ten months,10,000 people were fed at this bar.

Besides，the UK's first food waste supermarket opened last year. The supermarket works on a “pay as you feel” basis. Customers pay whatever they want. Some low­income families have said that it has changed their lives.

“Fuel for School” is another food waste project. Spare food from supermarkets such as dairy，vegetables，fruit and bread is used to feed hungry schoolchildren whose families may not be able to afford to buy them lunch.

More coffee bars like Leeds are being opened in other parts of the UK such as Bristol and Manchester，and it is now becoming a worldwide event.

I think this is an amazing step as food waste is one of the world's biggest problems. I also believe that the law should be changed，so that supermarkets don't throw away so much good food.

1.What does the author think of the coffee bar's action?

A.He thinks it very good. B.He is worried about it.

C.He is doubtful about it. D.He thinks it interesting.

2.What's the goal of “Fuel for School”？

A.Help poor kids choose healthy food to eat.

B.Deal with bad food from supermarkets.

C.Make kids perform well in their study.

D.Feed students from poor families.

3.Which of the following does the author advise?

A.We buy food based on our ability.

B.More coffee bars are opened in Leeds.

C.Restaurants offer children food for free.

D.Governments take action to reduce food waste.

4.What is the best title of the text?

A.The Problem of Food Waste Should Be Solved

B.Fuel for School Offers Food to The Poor

C.Different Actions to Solve the Problem of Food Waste in UK

D.Spare Food From Supermarkets Is Thrown Away

    After learning about these famous women，you'll know you can do a lot for society no matter what. You don't need to be in a specific field，time or environment to make a difference to the world in your lifetime.

Amelia Earhart (1897－1937)

Amelia Earhart was the first woman who ever flew alone across the Atlantic in 1932.She became the first woman pilot in 1935 after flying from Hawaii to California. She began her lifelong dream of flying across the world in 1937.However，her flight went missing on that trip and she was never seen again.

Helena Rubinstein (1870－1965)

Helena Rubinstein moved to Australia in 1902 without the ability to speak English. Later, she founded one of the world's first cosmetic (化妆品) companies after mixing lanolin，which is an oil that comes from sheep's wool，with flowers. Because of that，she became the world's richest woman at the time.

Katharine Hepburn (1907－2003)

Katharine Hepburn was known for playing strong­willed women in her films.

She won four Academy Awards for Best Actress，the most an actress has ever won. Her new dress style made wearing trousers acceptable to women，which wasn't allowed at that time.

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858－1928)

Emmeline was an influential woman activist，who helped British women  get the right to vote. She fought along with her husband for the rights of women all the time in the late 19th century and early 20th century. After she lost her husband，she teamed up with her three daughters and formed The Women Social and Political Union，which was best known as the suffragettes  (women's right to vote).

1.What was the problem for Helena at first when she moved to Australia?

A.She didn't have money. B.She couldn't speak English.

C.She didn't have work experience. D.She didn't know how to make up.

2.Which of the following words can be used to describe Emmeline Pankhurst?

A.Determined. B.Friendly.

C.Honest. D.Patient.

3.What do the four women in the text have in common?

A.A creative mind. B.A warm heart.

C.A good education. D.A pioneering spirit.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For hundreds of years, education has been closely connected to writing. Professors had been writing down their lectures, and students had been keeping notes after their teachers. Goose feathers and parchment (羊皮纸) changed to ballpoint pens and paper, but the essence has remained the same: knowledge passed down from one person to another must be thoroughly recorded.

With the emergence and development of mobile technologies such as laptops and smartphones, using conventional methods is gradually becoming obsolete (废弃的). Students tend to use laptops in class more often than pens and paper. And although there are still many educational institutions that ban using computers in class, there are many arguments in favor of doing so.

On the one hand, let us face reality: people do not write as much today as they used to several years ago. This is especially true in the case of the youth: teenagers and young adults tend to feel more confident and comfortable typing on their devices rather than with handwriting. Keeping records after a teacher in class requires a student to write very fast, which often decreases the readability of the notes taken. Sometimes it can be quite difficult for a student to understand what he or she hurriedly wrote down in class. At the same time, typing on a laptop helps write the important information down in a comprehensible and accurate way. Also, handwriting always involves grammatical mistakes, typos, blots (墨水迹), and so on. Obviously, students experience little-to-none of such problems while using computers.

On the other hand, technology is something youth nowadays have got so accustomed to that without it, they operate less efficiently. Students are native to such devices as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other gadgets, and naturally incorporate them in whatever they do, be it leisure time or studying. Not allowing students to use tablets in class means to deprive (剥夺) them of something that is almost a part of them and of their daily lives. If young people know how to use technology to their advantage and increase their studying effectiveness with its help, why forbid them from doing it?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

假设你是李华，与你的美国朋友John约好上星期六下午去打网球，但因故没能赴约。请你给John写一封信表示歉意。内容包括：

1. 向他致歉；

2. 解释原因；

3. 希望另约时间。

注意：词数80左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：重新安排reschedule

Dear John,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beads of sweat dripping from my forehead, it had been a long first day of summer 1. (spend) jumping on the trampoline with a friend and eating popsicles until our lips and tongues were stained “Very Cherry Red” and “Giddy Grape”. Just the day before, I had been saying my goodbyes to each of my elementary school 2. (educator). I knew that once the summer was over, I 3. (throw) to the bottom of the food chain again and sent to middle school; I wanted my summer to be the very one 4. was worthy of being remembered. For that very reason I hadn’t been too concerned when nearly 5. entire day had slipped by and my mother hadn’t called me to tell me she would be picking me up. I would have been 6. (extreme) happy if she wouldn’t have called and I would have been with my friend another night.

Some time had passed and we ate dinner and watched some television. By this time I had considered 7. possible that my mother wasn’t going to call me at all, but rather she would probably just show up 8. some spare clothes for me. I called her office and her cell phone. To my 9. (disappoint), there had been no answer from either line. It was then that I got a little panicky 10. (wonder) why so much time had passed and my mother hadn’t called me yet.

    For our random act of kindness project, we decided to surprise a teacher with flowers, candy, and pictures of her favorite animals. We chose Mrs. Adams _________ we all like her as a teacher and she was recently going through a(n) _________ time. I brought her some flowers, purchased some of favorite _________, and drew pictures of her favorite animals. During advisory we placed the gifts right by her _________ and knocked on it. We then ran away and left the gifts as a _________. Who wouldn’t be happy if they opened the door and found _________ gifts?

We didn’t get to see her initial _________, but we did know she liked them. The _________ of trying to run away before Mrs. Adams saw was a very fun feeling. After school Mrs. Adams talked to one of our friends Kathryn and said she _________ the flowers and made a day a lot better. We also __________ Mrs. Adams was having a really bad, emotional day and that the surprise entirely made her __________. Throughout the day we didn’t completely know how

________ Mrs. Adams liked her flowers, but after school we saw a big __________ on her face and we knew right then she loved them very much. To perform a random act of kindness truly does make you feel you’ve done a good __________.

In our world today, there is not enough kindness __________ , so to have the opportunity to do something nice for someone without asking for anything in __________ is an amazing feeling.

________ we all felt happy that we did something nice and if we got the __________ we would do it again. Our eyes have opened and we have realized doing a __________ act of kindness can really make someone pleased and change their day for the __________.

1.A.since when B.for which C.in that D.in case

2.A.challenging B.enormous C.optimistic D.royal

3.A.coke B.candy C.coffee D.milk

4.A.door B.window C.balcony D.desk

5.A.happiness B.relief C.sorrow D.surprise

6.A.spare B.unexpected C.safe D.movable

7.A.combination B.impression C.reaction D.suspect

8.A.error B.horror C.conflict D.thrill

9.A.contribute B.affect C.appreciate D.blame

10.A.found out B.pick out C.build up D.focus on

11.A.effective B.happy C.precious D.courageous

12.A.far B.often C.soon D.much

13.A.look B.joy C.smile D.frown

14.A.deed B.action C.response D.job

15.A.as well B.in general C.at all D.for instance

16.A.charge B.need C.trouble D.reward

17.A.Verbally B.Efficiently C.Originally D.Personally

18.A.right B.chance C.power D.potential

19.A.imaginary B.consistent C.random D.possible

20.A.better B.worse C.richer D.prettier

5 Ways to deal with anxiety

Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension, and stress from time to time. Here are 5 ways to help manage them:

● Become a relaxation expert.

We all think we know how to relax. But chilling out in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. (Depending on what you’re watching or doing, it could even make you more tense.) The same is true for alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. 1.. What the body really needs is daily practice of a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi, or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. For example, deep breathing helps to relax a major nerve that runs from the diaphragm to the brain, sending a message to the entire body to let go and loosen up.

● Get enough sleep, and nourishment.

Want your mind and body to feel peaceful and strong enough to handle life’s ups and downs?

2.. Eat well: Choose fruit, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains for long-term energy (instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine).

● 3..

Spend time with friends or family. Organized activities are great, but just hanging out works too. Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, allowing us to feel supported and secure. And the fun and sharing that go with it allow us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to cope. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone.

● Get close to nature.

4.. (Choose somewhere you feel safe so you can relax and enjoy your surroundings.) Walking, hiking, trail biking, or snowshoeing offer the additional benefit of exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member — along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well.

● Pay attention to the good things.

A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful, and positive. 5.. Allow yourself to dream, wish, and imagine the best that could happen.

A. Connect with others.

B. Appreciate the small, everyday blessings.

C. There are many safe, drug-free remedies (补救措施) for anxiety

D. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false and temporary state of relaxation.

E. Get the right amount of sleep for your needs — not too much or too little.

F. Some start working right away, while others may help lessen anxiety over time.

G. Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help too.

    Sacagawea was born in 1788 in an area near the Rocky Mountains that is now part of Idaho. She was part of the Shoshone tribe where her father was the chief.

When Sacagawea was 12, her tribe (部落) was attacked by the Hidatsa tribe. Sacagawea was taken to North Dakota to live with the Hidatsa. A few years later, she was sold into slavery and forced to marry Toussaint Charbonneau, a French Canadian fur trapper.

In 1804, Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark arrived in the area looking for guides. They were sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the lands to the west.

Lewis and Clark hired Toussaint Charbonneau and asked him to bring along Sacagawea so she could interpret when they reached the Shoshone tribe.

Sacagawea was able to help out with much more than interpreting. She showed the men how to collect edible roots and other plants. She also helped to save important supplies and maps when her boat capsized (翻) in the river during a squall. The men were impressed with her quick action and named the river after her.

The journey across the western lands wasn’t easy. Everyone was often hungry and cold. It was especially hard for Sacagawea who had her infant son to carry and feed.

Clark wrote in his journal that Sacagawea was one of the most valuable members of the group. She spoke both Shoshone and Hidatsa and was able to keep things peaceful when the group met up with the Native Americans.

Sacagawea was the only woman on the expedition. Unlike the men, Sacajawea did not receive any payment for her part in the journey, despite her important role in helping the group return safely.

Not much is known of Sacajawea’s life after the expedition ended in 1806. Some think that she died a few years later and others say that she returned home to the Shoshone and lived for another seventy years.

1.The underlined word “interpret” in paragraph 4 has the closest meaning to the one in sentence ________?

A.He interpreted the role with a lot of humor, gaining a lot of applause.

B.The students were asked to interpret the poem.

C.The data can be interpreted in many different ways.

D.She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.

2.Sacagawea experienced the following things EXCEPT ________.

A.She was sold into slavery and forced to marry a fur trapper

B.She was sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase

C.She had to feed her infant son during the expedition

D.She played an important part in helping the men return safely

3.What kind of person do you think of Sacagawea according to the passage?

A.Learned and flexible. B.Stubborn and determined.

C.Generous and responsible. D.Rebellious and powerful.

    The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576. The first performance for which a firm record remains was Jonson’s Every Man out of His Humour — with its first scene welcoming the “gracious and kind spectators” — at the end of the year.

On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set off during the performance, misfired, burning the wooden beams and straws. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning breeches (炮后膛) were put out with a bottle of ale. It was rebuilt in the following year.

Like all the other theatres in London, the Globe was closed down by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled down in 1644, or slightly later — the commonly cited document dating the act to 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — to make room for other buildings.

A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Globe”, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V. It is an academic approximation of the original design, based on available evidence of the 1599 and 1614 buildings, and is located approximately 750 feet (230m) from the site of the original theatre.

1.How did the Globe Theatre begin to be on fire on 29 June 1613?

A.It was set fire to by a performer by design.

B.It caught fire by accident during a play.

C.A man put out breeches with a bottle of ale.

D.It was started by wooden beams and straws.

2.In what order is the text arranged?

A.Time B.Space

C.Importance D.Flashback

3.According to the passage all the plays were performed in the Globe Theatre EXCEPT ________.

A.James Burbage. B.Every Man out of His Humour

C.Henry VIII. D.Henry V

4.The passage is mainly about ________.

A.The popularity of the Globe Theatre. B.The construction of the Globe Theatre.

C.The function of the Globe Theatre. D.The history of the Globe Theatre.

    Stories and movies often make bats into scary creatures that attack in the dark of night. In real life, however, most bats are harmless. A few are even helpful to humans.

Over 800 species or types of bats feast on troublesome insects that damage crops or spread disease. Another 400 or so bat species eat ripe fruit. These bats are very useful because they pollinate (授粉) flowers and disperse (分散) seeds. There are also a few species of larger bats that hunt small animals like mice, fish, and frogs. A very few even drink blood.

The blood drinkers are the three species of vampire bats. However, the vampire bat doesn’t suck blood. Instead, it makes a wound with its sharp teeth and then laps the blood up like a kitty. The animal victim usually sleeps through the entire process. While attacks on humans have occurred, the bats’ common targets are livestock and other animals. Interestingly, the vampire bat may become useful to humans. You see, a chemical in the bat’s saliva (唾液) thins blood and dissolves blood clots (血栓). Studies indicate this could be a great aid in treating people with strokes. In the future, medicine may be made from vampire bats’ saliva.

Some people think bats are birds, but they’re not. They have fur, not feathers. And their babies do not hatch from eggs; they’re born alive. Also, bats have mouths and noses; birds have beaks. Scientists put them in a special mammal group called Chiroptera.

1.Most species of bats eat ________.

A.ripe fruit B.mice and frogs

C.insects D.blood

2.Which of the following is TRUE about blood drinkers?

A.Vampire bats drink blood directly.

B.The bats’ uncommon targets are human beings.

C.A chemical in the bats is of great benefit treating heart disease.

D.Medicine has been produced from the bats’ saliva

3.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Blood Drinkers B.Vampire Bats

C.Amazing Bats D.Scary Creatures

最近，有可能进行“一年多次高考”的新闻引发了社会广泛议论。有人赞成，有人反对。请你根据下表内容写一篇短文，并谈谈自己的观点。

注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2. 词数120左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：

高考 the college entrance examination;  招生制度 enrollment system

Nowadays there is a widespread concern over the news that the college entrance examination will be carried out several times a year in the future.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

A Frenchman was once visiting London. He wished to take a walk to see a city. But he was afraid he might get being lost because he knew no words of English. So before he left his hotel, he stopped on the first corner and carefully copied in his notebook the names of the street that he was staying. Then he walked on. At last, he got lost. In several hours he found a policeman. The Frenchman tried his best to explain the policeman that he didn't know the name of his hotel, however he knew the name of the street. He then showed the policeman that he copied in his notebook. It read: “One­way street”.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（限填一个词）或括号内单词的正确形式（词数不限）。

In the past a gentleman would offer his seat 1. a lady on a crowded bus.  But now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, 2.(leave) the lady standing 3. someone else gets off.  You can’t entirely blame men for this change in manners. 4.(go) are the days when women could be referred to the weak.  A whole generation has grown up demanding 5.(equal) with men in jobs, in education and in social life.  Hold a door for some women 6. you are likely to get 7. angry lecture on treating women 8. weaklings.  Take a girl out for a meal and she’ll probably insist on paying 9. share of the bill.  All these, according to some sociologists, will change men’s attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being 10.(replace) by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

People usually get into a hard life and are unable to escape from themselves.

There was once a poor and disappointed salesman complaining every day that there was no____for him to display his ability and the____was often pulling his legs.

At Christmas Eve, every family____their houses with lanterns and streamers and it was very____everywhere. But he was alone sitting in a bench in a park and recalling the past. It was on the same day last year when he was also alone____his Christmas day away,____new clothes, new shoes, let alone a new car and a new house.

“Damn! I have to spend this Christmas day with these old shoes again. ” he____and began to take off the old shoes.____, he glanced at a young man in a wheel chair passing by him with his hands strugglingly pushing the wheel forward. It____him that he was so lucky to have shoes to wear while that man did not even have the____Afterwards, the sales man did anything with a calm____and cherished every opportunity to improve himself. He worked hard and tried his best to make progress every day. Several years later, he____changed his life totally and became a millionaire.

If you look all around, you will find there are so many people who were born____in the society but they are____in life and never complain about the unfair destiny. They are also not to beg others’ giving. Instead, they constantly____to make themselves stronger and more excellent to____the society. By contrast, we should feel____We are born healthy, but we are____with life; we complain about our colleagues and dissatisfy with our jobs.

Maybe all of us would feel afraid when we realize we have fallen into such____state of life, but worse is that you even do not____you have fallen into such a dangerous situation.

1.

A.platform B.chance C.time D.status

2.

A.poverty B.fate C.ghost D.goal

3.

A.filed B.made C.decorated D.assisted

4.

A.temporary B.optimistic C.happy D.festive

5.

A.spending B.drinking C.celebrating D.congratulating

6.

A.besides B.with C.except D.without

7.

A.cried B.sighed C.shouted D.promised

8.

A.Luckily B.Immediately C.Suddenly D.Surprisedly

9.

A.dawned on B.focused on C.depended on D.concentrated on

10.

A.motivation B.recognition C.chance D.challenge

11.

A.attitude B.feeling C.character D.mood

12.

A.eventually B.fortunately C.continuously D.awkwardly

13.

A.tough B.disabled C.stupid D.lucky

14.

A.energetic B.stubborn C.confident D.serious

15.

A.decide B.struggle C.remember D.wish

16.

A.understand B.create C.serve D.shape

17.

A.guilty B.immoral C.invaluable D.ashamed

18.

A.fed up B.caught up C.broken up D.cut up

19.

A.dangerous B.unique C.disappointing D.awesome

20.

A.show B.realize C.know D.chase

    It's the water that makes our daily lives possible. That's why protecting source water is one of the primary missions at the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission. We provide safe, clean drinking water to 1.8 million residents in Prince George's and Montgomery counties.1.

One way we protect the water is through the watershed. The watershed reduces the pollutants reaching the reservoirs. They hold the source water that provides 30 percent of our customers with drinking water. That's over 600,000 people. For many years, we have issued permits to allow limited recreational use of the watershed.2. It's a quiet, beautiful area away from urban stress and traffic. And we use it ourselves and other activities to promote water and environmental awareness.

3. Last year, the WSSC issued new regulations with new restrictions impacting all users, including, closing the watershed a month earlier in the fall and opening it a month later in the spring. We also limited horseback riding to the access roads. Our goal was and is to protect the watershed.

A very small but vocal group felt we should have consulted them first. Perhaps afterward we should have. But I do want to make one thing very clear. 4. But we cannot allow the interests of a tiny group to override (不理会) the well­being of the WSSC customers who drink the water from those reservoirs. There must be a balance.

5. So we hired a consultant to gather data, gather input from watershed users, and assess the condition of the watershed. We also asked them to look at our operations and management practices and provide the WSSC with findings and recommendations on how to make improvements.

It' s time to work together to protect the water and provide appropriate access to the rare jewel we call the watershed.

A. We certainly understand the attraction.

B. At no time did we consider closing the watershed entirely.

C. However, only a few people like saving water.

D. But most importantly it's about protecting the water.

E. The government has taken some strong measures.

F. We take that responsibility very seriously.

G. A review of our watershed policies and regulations was overdue.

C

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands．”Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse．”He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”．The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said．We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman．Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point．

 It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character．And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man．In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇),who has come with peace terms．Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms．He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped．“That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts．And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly．”

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner．“He raised his hand to the Russian’s．．．face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently．．．” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court．“Well, well, why don’t you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon．

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own．

1.Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ___________．

A.far from the historical facts B.based on the Russian history

C.based on his selection of facts D.not related to historical details

2.Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because ________．

A.he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B.the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept

C.the Russians stopped his military movement

D.he didn’t have any more army to fight with

3.Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is __________________．

A.ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B.fond of showing off his iron will

C.determined in destroying all of Europe

D.crazy for power and respect

4.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A.A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings．

B.A writer may write about a hero in his own way．

C.A writer may not be responsible for what he writes．

D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings．

    People can write many things about this life. In this case, precious moments become the compositions of history. What about you? People should learn from each other, thus they need to read the latest news. It is really interesting to spend your spare time and start your day in the morning. How can you get the information? You will never run out of choices, since there are many different resources to read out there. You can say hello to the world by clicking the mouse on your computer and you can also read the daily newspaper in your patio (庭院).

However, Internet offers fast and effective solutions for the readers. Reading the news on the Internet is just a simple task to do. If you are a mobile person, it is impossible for you to bring the computer and mouse. So, several digital devices are accessible to meet your needs of latest information. You have iPad, smart phone and some other possible solutions. They are your best friends to gain the information about every single thing which has happened in certain part of the world.

Now, it's time to find the most reliable source. You can easily find the amount of websites on the Internet. They offer news and information about many different things, but only few of them will answer your questions. The reliable and accurate sources will let you read and think further about certain news and information. Definitely, you should find the site with various popular categories of news. There should be some categories such as business, sports and technology. Where should you go now?

You will find the answer at News Daily Spot and get the complete information about other issues. For you who love to know more about celebrity and biography, feel free to read the biography (传记) of several celebrities, such as Kourtney Kardashian. Read the news and see the face of the world today.

1.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Many ways exist for us to know about the world.

B.Newspaper plays an important part in our daily life.

C.The Internet shortens the distance between people.

D.The Internet helps people get more information about the world.

2.Why does the author say “it's time to find the most reliable source”?

A.You must find the reliable and accurate information.

B.You can get all answers to any questions.

C.Various websites will offer the same things.

D.You should use your head to think over after reading.

3.The purpose of the author is____________.

A.to get us to know more about the usage of Internet

B.to advertise for News Daily Spot

C.to draw attention to News Daily Spot

D.to introduce more famous people

4.Why does the author mention Kourtney Kardashian?

A.To stress he is the most famous in the world.

B.To introduce the all-sidedness of the website.

C.To give answers to the questions above.

D.To show off the celebrities of the world.

My day began on a definitely sour note when I saw my six-year-old wrestling with a limb of my azalea（杜鹃花）bush. By the time I got outside, he’d broken it. “Can I take this to school today?” he asked. With a wave of my hand, I sent him off. I turned my back so he wouldn’t see the tears gathering in my eyes.

The washing machine had leaked on my brand-new linoleum. If only my husband had just taken the time to fix it the night before when I asked him instead of playing checkers with Jonathan.

It was days like this that made me want to quit. I just wanted to drive up to the mountains, hide in a cave, and never come out.

Somehow I spent most of the day washing and drying clothes and thinking how love had disappeared from my life. As I finished hanging up the last of my husband’s shirts, I looked at the clock. 2:30. I was late. Jonathan’s class let out at 2:15 and I hurriedly drove to the school.

I was out of breath by the time I knocked on the teacher’s door and peered through the glass. She rustled through the door and took me aside. “I want to talk to you about Jonathan,” she said.

I prepared myself for the worst. Nothing would have surprised me. “Did you know Jonathan brought flowers to school today?” she asked. I nodded, thinking about my favorite bush and trying to hide the hurt in my eyes. “Let me tell you about yesterday,” the teacher insisted. “See that little girl?” I watched the bright-eyed child laugh and point to a colorful picture taped to the wall. I nodded.

“Well, yesterday she was almost hysterical. Her mother and father are going through a nasty divorce. She told me she didn’t want to live, she wished she could die. I watched that little girl bury her face in her hands and say loud enough for the class to hear, ‘Nobody loves me.’ I did all I could to comfort her, but it only seemed to make matters worse.” “I thought you wanted to talk to me about Jonathan,” I said.

“I do,” she said, touching the sleeve of my blouse. “Today your son walked straight over to that child. I watched him hand her some pretty pink flowers and whisper, ‘I love you.’“

I felt my heart swell with pride for what my son had done. I smiled at the teacher. “Thank you,” I said, reaching for Jonathan’s hand, “you’ve made my day.”

Later that evening, I began pulling weeds from around my azalea bush. As my mind wandered back to the love Jonathan showed the little girl, a biblical verse came to me: “...these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.” While my son had put love into practice, I had only felt anger.

I heard the familiar squeak of my husband’s brakes as he pulled into the drive. I snapped a small limb bristling with hot pink azaleas off the bush. I felt the seed of love that God planted in my family beginning to bloom once again in me. My husband’s eyes widened in surprise as I handed him the flowers. “I love you,” I said.

1.Why did the woman cry when seeing her son had broken the azalea bush?

A.Because she could not tolerate the harm to it.

B.Because it made her bad mood even worse.

C.Because her son did not ask her for permission.

D.Because she wanted to hand it to her husband.

2.The writer wanted to hide in the mountain cave probably for the reason of        .

A.feeling fed up with her endless daily housework

B.her husband’s failing to fix the machine in time

C.boring daily routine with a feeling of lack of love

D.her hoping to seek happiness in a brand new place

3.We can infer from the passage that the writer expressed love to her husband in that        .

A.she was inspired by her son that love was supposed to be felt and practiced

B.she felt guilty that she misunderstood her husband and wanted to apologize

C.she felt it necessary to have a complete family for the happiness of herself

D.she wanted to prove her love and expected the same words from her husband

    Fires can cover a home in 60seconds! Are you prepared with a quick and safe method of fire escape? While most of us are within a few steps of a window in most of our homes, the upper floor presents unique challenges. The key to survival is planning ahead for the upper floor escape.

The two- and three-story fire escape ladders are the most common types, and can be purchased locally at hardware stores. While doing an Internet research, I found fire escape ladders for four- and five-and six-story homes. Fortunately, the majority of Livingston County homes can easily get by with the two- and three-story models.

The first task in planning an upper floor escape is taking the time to look out of each window and see where it leads you. Sometimes a straight drop is best for hanging a ladder on. Other windows will drop you to a lower roof, where you can wait for another ladder from outside the home to reach you.

Escape ladders usually come in a box that will easily slide under a bed or in a closet. When needed, you just slide it out, and place it near the window. Open the window as you have determined by now that a door escape from the room is not practical due to heat, smoke and fire conditions,. Make sure the hanger(挂钩) will fit in with the window, for which it is intended. It usually has a J-shaped hook, which hangs over the window edge.

Once you decide a room to store the escape ladder in, make sure the family members know where it is. If the stairs leading down are blocked due to the fire, head into the room with the escape ladder and close the door behind you. Fix it out of the window and begin climbing down. Have a stronger person go down first, who can then assist others.

Do as much planning and preparation well in advance of ever needing to use these fire safety skills and you and your family will remain safe.

1.What does the author intend to tell in the passage?

A.How to escape fire above the ground floor.

B.How to correctly use the fire escape ladders.

C.How to survive when caught in an accident.

D.How to purchase the proper fire escape ladders.

2.To keep you safe from a fire, you should ___________.

A.avoid living in high-rise apartments

B.buy the proper escape ladders

C.make adequate preparations in advance

D.have a good knowledge of first aid

3.What should you do after you get the escape ladder?

A.You can hang it outside your window.

B.You must keep it in a box in a safe place.

C.You should inform your family where it is

D.You must fix the hanger inside your home.

4.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A.Danger is the next neighbor to security.

B.God helps those who help themselves.

C.A match will set fire to a large building.

D.Early mistakes are the seeds of future trouble.

假设你是李华，暑假你随学校组织的访问团去美国中学参观访问，并与纽约州长岛市Newcomers High School 的学生Tina成了好朋友。期间，Tina带你参观了她的学校并介绍了校史，还请你品尝了美食。回国后，你打算给Tina写一封信，主要内容如下：

(1)表达你的感激之情；

(2)赞叹该校美丽的环境和课堂的生动活跃；

(3)邀请对方来中国；

(4)表达祝愿。

注意：

(1)可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯;

(2)词数：100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 。

Dear Tina,

How are you? I am now back in China.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

(2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Yesterday, Tom and I were walking down the street when we saw the old man fall off his bike. I suggested we carried the old man to hospital, and Tom did not agree. He had learned first aid, so I said that the old man mustn't be moving. We should leave him what he was and check him first. Seeing that the old man wasn't breathing, Tom asks me to call the First-aid Center and he used the mouth-to-mouth way make the old man breathe. Soon the old man began to move on a little and the doctors also arrived. They said what we had done were right.

阅读填空

Today and every day we are the targets of salespeople, marketers, advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. Over the years, they've learned a lot about which features to build into a communication to increase its success. But, by concentrating on the message itself, they've missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that the best persuasion is achieved through good pre-suasion: the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they know what's in it.

Pre-suasion works by focusing people's preliminary (开始的) attention on a selected concept—let's say softness—which encourages them to overvalue related opportunities that immediately follow. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were sent to a site that illustrated either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the soft clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase, whereas those who saw the small amounts of money preferred inexpensive models.

A following study showed the pre-suasive mechanism. Subjects became three times more likely to help a researcher who "accidentally" dropped some items if, immediately before, they'd been exposed to images of figures standing together in a friendly pose. If this tripling of helpfulness doesn't seem remarkable enough, consider that the subjects were 18 months old—hardly able to reason or review or reflect.

Long before scientists started studying the process, a few notable communicators had an understanding of it.

In February 2015, the financial investor Warren Buffett had a problem. It was 50 years since he had taken control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., guiding it to amazing levels of value, along with his brilliant partner Charlie Munger. Many investors were worried that, because Buffett and Munger were getting older, these levels couldn't be maintained in the future, perhaps making it time to sell Berkshire stock.

To respond to these concerns, Buffett wrote a letter to shareholders in which he described various reasons for confidence in Berkshire's continuing profitability. But, before the description of strengths, he declared with characteristic sincerity that what he was about to state was "what I would say to my family today if they asked me about Berkshire's future." The result was a flood of favorable reaction to the letter as well as a per-share increase for the year of nearly five times that of the S&P.

With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always placed persuasive prods (刺激)—small gifts, emotional draw, last-chance opportunities- inside their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they've mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it's not only what you do; it's also what you do just before you do what you do.

Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch, he’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d _________ seen him. So imagine my _________ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.

I was _________! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to _________. The bay was _________ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little _________. I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in _________. “Something’s not _________!” I took off my T-shirt and _________ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was __________ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors. I helped __________ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __________ to me. Those brown eyes were very __________. “What’s his name?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I __________. That stranger was my son!

The instructors called for an ambulance. __________, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __________ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben __________ to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said, “You __________ my life!”

I still can’t believe what a __________ it was. I’m just so glad I was there __________ to help my son.

1.A. also    B. often    C. even    D. last

2.A. delight    B. relief    C. anger    D. worry

3.A. scared    B. shocked    C. thrilled    D. ashamed

4.A. talk    B. stay    C. meet    D. settle

5.A. bathed    B. clean    C. deep    D. formed

6.A. faster    B. closer    C. heavier    D. wiser

7.A. trouble    B. advance    C. question    D. battle

8.A. real    B. right    C. fair    D. fit

9.A. stared    B. sank    C. dived    D. fell

10.A. arguing    B. fighting    C. Shouting    D. shaking

11.A. lead    B. persuade    C. carry    D. keep

12.A. happened    B. occurred    C. applied    D. appealed

13.A. sharp    B. pleasant    C. attractive    D. familiar

14.A. agreed    B. hesitated    C. doubted    D. knew

15.A. Fortunately    B. Frankly    C. Sadly    D. Suddenly

16.A. return    B. relax    C. speak    D. leave

17.A. joked    B. turned    C. listened    D. pointed

18.A. created    B. honored    C. saved    D. guided

19.A. coincidence    B. change    C. pity    D. pain

20.A. on board    B. in time    C. for sure    D. on purpose

Practical ways to get motivated

Be mindful of your "why".

If I need to clean the floor, but I really don't like cleaning, then I won't feel very motivated to do it. However, if I have a big enough reason to do it—because I'm having some guests to come over, or I love the feeling of having a clean floor, then that "bigger purpose" can be strong enough to get me to act, even though I don't enjoy cleaning. If I stay mindful of why I'm doing it, I can get motivated to do it. 1.

Celebrate your successes.

It's easy to get down on yourself because you haven't reached your goal yet. You may overlook all of the hard work and small goals that you've accomplished. Remember to reward yourself and to celebrate your successes. 2. In the same way, how can you motivate yourself if you're not going to reward yourself and celebrate your successes?

3.

Imagine how good you'll feel when you've reached your goal. Take a moment and think about how you'll feel and what you'll think after you've achieved it. What does it feel like? 4. Focus on that feeling, and use it to drive you right now to move towards your goal. Just think of how good it will be.

Get inspired.

Read stories, watch movies, listen to other people who have achieved what you want to achieve. Imagine what they had to go through to get to where they are. Imagine how big the heart is of some of your biggest heroes and how badly they wanted what they achieved. 5.

A. Imagine having already achieved it.

B. Get help and support when you're not feeling motivated.

C. So remind yourself of why you're doing what you're doing.

D. What kind of self-talk would you use to motivate yourself?

E. Let them inspire you to access your own great desire within.

F. You might feel proud, happy, satisfied, or any other emotion.

G. Would you be able to properly train a dog without rewarding him?

    ​The position of a car's fuel door (if you can actually remember where it is) remains one of the greatest unsolved motoring mysteries.

Do car company engineers draw straws (抽签) to decide what side of the car the fuel door goes on? No. According to Ford spokesman Mark Schirmer, as reported on the Allstate Blog, engineers are free to place fuel doors on the side of the car that offers the easiest packaging. And while one on each side would be rather convenient, we're not likely to see double fuel doors anytime soon—there's neither the room nor the demand for them.

"The placement of the fuel door is mainly a factor of fuel tank design, location, and underbody packaging," Nissan's Steve Yaeger told the Allstate Blog." With all of the structure and components located underneath the vehicle, engineers would quickly encounter restrictions in trying to route the filler tube to the same side on every vehicle."

Schirmer says Americans prefer fuel doors on the left side of their cars, probably because it makes it easier for them to place their car's left fender close to the fuel pump. For this reason, itˈs possible that drivers in the U. K., Australia, New Zealand, India, and other countries who drive on the left side of the road favor a right-hand-side fuel door. But thereˈs nothing to confirm that driver preference is a factor. There are regulations about where the fuel door should be positioned, but these donˈt specify the right or left side of the car.

If you canˈt remember the location of your fuel door, simply look at the little diamond-shaped arrow on the fuel gauge (燃油量表) on your dashboard—it points to the side of the car where the fuel door is. Do it before you pull up to the pump, to avoid the embarrassment of having to get back into your car and drive to another pump.

1.Why don't all cars have gas tanks on the same side?

A.Engineers place fuel doors where they like.

B.Drivers ask for its position due to their driving habits.

C.It troubles engineers if they are on the same side.

D.There are regulations about which side it should be positioned.

2.Why do Americans prefer fuel doors on the left side?

A.They are left-handed.

B.Itˈs convenient for their fuel filling.

C.It is easier to place their carˈs right fender near the fuel pump.

D.There are many cars with a right-hand-side fuel door in America.

3.What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?

A.The fuel door. B.The fuel gauge.

C.The dashboard. D.The diamond-shaped arrow.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Tips to Identify the Location of the Fuel Door

B.The Popularity of a Right-hand-side Fuel Door to American Drivers

C.Reasons for Gas Tanks on Different Sides

D.The Motoring Mysteries

    "I am my paintings," says Vincent van Gogh, played by Willem Dafoe in a career-best performance, in Julian Schnabelˈs At Eternityˈs Gate, which follows the artist through his last turmoil (动荡骚乱) and astonishingly prolific years in the late 1880s in the south of France. Watching this film, you can believe it.

Schnabel is, of course, a famous artist as well as a powerful, if powerfully uneven, filmmaker, and what he captures here is what it must have been like to be Van Gogh. Itˈs an artistˈs imagining of what another artist might have felt. He never does break away from the romantic, madness-of-genius cliché(陈词滥调) that has been with so many movies and comments about Van Gogh. Instead, he accepts it because he believes it proves the turmoil that goes into creating great art. Of course, turmoil can also create bad art, but such is Schnabelˈs enthusiasm that I bought into the reality even though I think Van Gogh was a great artist despite rather than because of his mental pain.

I have a bit less sympathy for the ways in which the filmmakers got guess and frank mythmaking into the narrative. But the film comes to a great and sorrowing finish when we hear Vincentˈs words, "I thought an artist has to teach a way to look at the rest of the world. Not anymore. Now I just think of my relationship with eternity. " One of the great achievements of this movie is that, in the end, Van Gogh's words enter into our soul with the same force as the paintings.

1.Who starred in At Eternity's Gate?

A.Vincent van Gogh. B.Julian Schnabel.

C.Willem Dafoe. D.Robert Gulaczyk.

2.What do we know about Julian Schnabel?

A.He tries to break away from the traditional style.

B.He is as good an artist as a film maker.

C.His film is better than the previous ones.

D.He thinks turmoil creates bad art.

3.What can we know from the last paragraph?

A.The film ends happily.

B.Van Gogh figured out his relationship with eternity.

C.What Van Gogh said has a major influence on us.

D.The film teaches us a way to look at the rest of the world.

4.From which is the text probably taken?

A.An art textbook. B.An art magazine.

C.A movie advertisement. D.A research paper.

    It is 6:00 am on the first day of the school year. In Cherrybrook Technology High School, mathematics teacher Eddie Woo is already at work.

One of the first things before the first bell rings is to set up his tripod(三脚架) and iPad in the middle of the classroom. This technology is Mr. Woo's core tool of the trade. "I'm Mr. Woo. I record my lessons. I record all of them. In fact, I'm about to record this one," he explains to his new maths class.

The unique approach to teaching mathematics has not gone unnoticed. Mr. Woo is arguably the most famous teacher in Australia - a maths teacher by day and an internet sensation(轰动) by night.

He started posting videos online in 2012 for a student who was sick with cancer and missing a lot of school. Other students in the class then wanted to watch Mr. Woo's videos on his free YouTube channel and website, so he started sharing them across the country and beyond. Wootube now boasts more than 38,000 subscribersc用户 ) and has attracted almost 4 million views worldwide.

Cherrybrook Technology High School principal Gary Johnson said Mr. Woo was helping address a standing shortage of maths teachers in Australia, and making maths popular again. “ He has an ability to simplify mathematics to a level where kids can really understand it," Mr. Johnson said.

12-year-old student Emily Shakespear said Mr. Woo's teaching style made maths irresistible. "I don't want to say it, but he sucked me into maths," she said. Owen Potter, who attends high school in Cobar, agreed. "It's difficult to understand how someone in Sydney can influence thousands of people across the whole country," he said.

Mr. Woo won the 2017 University of Sydney Young Alumni Award for Outstanding Achievement, and he was one of 12 Australian teachers honored at the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

1.Eddie Woo set up an iPad in the middle of the classroom with the purpose of

A.listening to music B.playing a video

C.recording his class D.showing pictures

2.What can we infer from the statistics in the fourth paragraph?

A.Mr. Woo's teaching videos online are very popular.

B.Mr. Woo had made a lot of money by selling videos.

C.Mr. Woo posted videos online helping many adults.

D.Mr. Woo created his Wootube in 2012 in Sydney.

3.According to Gary Johnson, Mr. Woo's maths lessons are

A.difficult to follow B.easy to understand

C.simple to handle D.challenging to learn

4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Mr. Woo is the most well-known maths teacher in Australia.

B.Mr. Woo graduated from the University of Sydney with honors.

C.Mr. Woo won the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

D.Mr. Woo's contributions to teaching have been recognized.

    Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in TheAuk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her collcagues.Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—asound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.Firstthey collected sound datd from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and numberof notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children toparents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent,do you investin quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.”Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in TheAuk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her collcagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the babybirds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent,do you investin quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorferasks.”Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in TheAuk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her collcagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the babybirds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent,do you investin quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorferasks.”Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in TheAuk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her collcagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the babybirds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent,do you investin quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorferasks.”Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.

A.be the worst B.be the best

C.be the as bad D.be just as good

2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?

A.Similarities between the calls moms and chicks.

B.The observation of fairywrens across Australia.

C.The data collected fromQueensland’slocals.

D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.

3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which

A.can receive quality signals B.are in need of training

C.fit the environment better D.make the loudest call

假定你是李华，下周将参加英语模联（MUN）活动，请你用英语给外教Henry 写封邮件，内容如下：

1. 借用《英语时事新闻字典》（Dictionary of English Media）;

2. 请教英文演讲技巧；

3. 请求当面指导。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 结尾已为你写好。

Dear Henry,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward to you early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir,

I read your advertisement for web designer in yesterday’s Times and would like to apply. There is several reasons why I might be of the right person for the job.

Firstly, I have been great interested in the Internet when I was 8. At the age of 14, I created our own website. Secondly, I have taken some courses in IT, included specialist courses in Java and Flash. I serve as an assistant for a web design studio for six weeks during the summer holidays. Lastly, I would be eagerly to improve my skills through learning from others.

I can be contacted by phones or email for an interview.