World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. He was often called the most brilliant theoretical physicist since Albert Einstein. But his amazing career actually started as a young man who struggled to get around to doing his homework at Oxford University where he studied physics. He then went on to Cambridge to research cosmology, the study of the origin of universe.

When he was 21, Hawking's life hit a big hurdle. He was diagnosed with Motor Neurone Disease. The disease causes the brain to stop sending messages to a person's muscles. At the time, doctors said he would only live for around 2 years, but he proved them very, very wrong.

And with the help of a special wheelchair and speech computer, Hawking spent much of his time researching the beginning of the universe and black holes. His most famous discovery was probably when he demonstrated that black holes emit some radiation, which has since become known as Hawking Radiation. He also spent a lot of time thinking about what existed before the big bang.

Hawking wrote books that explained his big ideas in ways that could be understood by the average person. In 1988 he published A Brief History of Time. It became really popular and sold more than 10 million copies. However, he wasn't just known for his books. He also had a lot of fun becoming a regular on TV screens around the world. He even had a big Hollywood film made about his life.

Throughout his life Stephen Hawking inspired people to look beyond our planet and expand our knowledge of the universe. His family says that he'll be greatly missed and the legacy of his amazing ideas will live on.

1.Why does the author mention Albert Einstein in Paragraph 1?

A. To tell us Hawking was a great physicist.

B. To compare the two famous people.

C. To show he was Hawking's teacher.

D. To identify a special period further.

2.How did Hawking prove the doctor's wrong?

A. He did many experiments.

B. He made some comparisons.

C. He tried to send signals to his muscles.

D. He lived for long like other common people.

3.What was Hawking famous for most?

A. Big bang.

B. Black holes.

C. Radiation from the black holes.

D. A big Hollywood film about the universe.

4.What does Hawking's family think of him?

A. He'll be forgotten soon.

B. His idea of the universe is valuable.

C. He won't be understood completely.

D. He won't be found by others any more.

San Francisco Fire Engine Tours

San Francisco Winery Tour

Running: February 1st through April 30th

This delicious tour goes through the city on its way  to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (Included in ticket price)

Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request

Duration ( 时长 ) :2 hours

Price: $90

Back to the Fifties Tour

Running: August 16th through August 31st

This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.

Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm

Duration : 2 hours

Price:  $90

Spooky Halloween Tour

Running: October 10th through October 31 st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.

Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm

Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes

Price: Available upon request

Holiday Lights Tour

Running: December 6th through December 23rd

This attractive tour takes you to some of San

Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into theholiday spirit.

Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00  pm

Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes

Advance reservations required.

1.Which of the tours is available in March?

A. San Francisco Winery Tour.

B. Back to the Fifties Tour.

C. Spooky Halloween Tour.

D. Holiday Lights Tour.

2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour'?

A. Go to Treasure Island.

B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.

C. Have free ice cream.

D. Visit the Presidio district.

3.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?

A. Take some drinks.

B. Set off early in the morning.

C. Wear warm clothes.

D. Make reservations in advance.

假定你是李华，得知学校手语社（the School Sign Language Club）正在招收新成员，你想邀请在中国作交换生的美国好友Henry加入该社团，请给Henry写封信，邀请他加入。内容包括：

1. 邀请加入的理由（如学习手语可以帮助他人；可以交到新朋友等）。

2. 报名方式及截止日期。

注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Henry,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

If we often question whether that we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more. Several days ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficulty math problem in class. Although an answer seemed a little strange, but only I doubted it. I thought of his answer might be wrong, I carefully considered the problem and tried to work them out in a different way. Half an hour late, I finally managed to find the correct answer. When I showed the answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independence thinking.

From this experience I had already come to the conclusion that questioning can serve as a bridge where helps us find the truth.

根据提示用恰当单词将句子补充完整，每空一词。

1.The sound of an a_____________ car frightened the cat into running away in the darkness.

2.The boy felt e______________ when he was told that he had made a stupid mistake.

3.Advanced technology in modern society really makes people’s lives more c________than ever.

4.I wasn’t a__________ that you were behind me; otherwise, I wouldn’t have got shocked.

5.C______________differences shouldn’t be ignored when you live in another country.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was 1. wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

Since it was the first time we 2. (be) there, we were pretty excited. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made 3. (we) reservation(预定) six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 4. (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand 5. this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. What made things even worse was 6. the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering 7.to do, the manager came out. She was very helpful. She apologized for the mistake and 8. surprised me and my brother that she should give us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9. some people were playing volleyball. We got a little sunburnt, but the day had been so 10. (relax) that we didn’t mind.

    Six months after my car accident, I was finally given the green light to return home. ______,  that's when the reality of the situation became clear to me. I had realized my life was now so ______, unable to use a phone or a TV remote and unable to feed or bathe myself. I couldn't hold anything—a fork or spoon was too heavy to ______ up. I had lost my entire independence and now had to ______ on others for any help. The tables had turned ______ taking care of people for twelve years as a nurse assistant to now having people take care of me. It was difficult. I _____so much that I could fill up buckets with tears. I had ______ days. I didn't want anything to do with this new life.

Yet I had no choice but to ______ it. No matter how difficult things were, I never gave up on my faith (信念).

Shortly after returning home, I could finally wiggle (摆动) a toe and scratch my nose. Those were important moments I'll never forget. The little things we get used to so often ______ the most. Small victories are huge and important leaps.

In these past few years, I've made progress in my ______. I had to learn to be ______ with myself and to enjoy every moment going forward. I was decided to ______ again. Giving up was no longer an option (选择). I ______ hard in my recovery and still do to this day. Every day, I wake up and I thank God for another chance in this life. I'm now moving my legs and arms on my own, doing things like working out in a gym, swimming, yoga and acupuncture (针灸). All of this is turning the page from the impossible to the possible. I'm presently working to ______ my independence and mobility.

This ______ has been entirely life-changing for me, and every day I am struggling to improve my ______ , quality of life, strength, and hopeful recovery from paralysis（瘫痪）. My unshakable faith, ______ family, friends, and team encourage me to continue to work harder. I believe that this obstacle (障碍) is a/an ______ to grow, become stronger, and keep on fighting to hopefully ______ someone else not to give up. Never give up on ______ . Never give up on hope.

1.A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides

2.A. different B. simple C. similar D. boring

3.A. hang B. give C. make D. pick

4.A. turn B. call C. depend D. live

5.A. to B. from C. up D. around

6.A. laughed B. cried C. shouted D. smiled

7.A. dark B. dangerous C. puzzling D. usual

8.A. forget B. accept C. ignore D. miss

9.A. cost B. last C. matter D. benefit

10.A. injury B. growth C. career D. recovery

11.A. busy B. strict C. satisfied D. patient

12.A. walk B. run C. dance D. jump

13.A. studied B. fought C. thought D. hit

14.A. change B. control C. further D. keep

15.A. news B. story C. event D. truth

16.A. life B. appearance C. intelligence D. health

17.A. supportive B. upset C. tired D. wealthy

18.A. right B. case C. form D. chance

19.A. advise B. encourage C. order D. affect

20.A. friendship B. kindness C. faith D. love

    Building the thinking habit is important because it helps you live with a purpose. How can we build the thinking habit? Here are some tips.

Be curious

Curiosity is powerful. 1. It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come. Curiosity is an important attitude to have in building the thinking habit.

Read widely

If you want to come up with good ideas, you need to feed your mind with good ideas. 2.This will give you fresh, new ideas. Don’t just read from the fields you are familiar with. Read from other fields as well.

Read actively

Not only should you read widely, but also you should read actively. Find some ideas and think about how you can use them. My favorite way to do this is by highlighting the book I read. I will then put the actionable ideas in my idea journal (笔记). 3.

Keep an idea journal

When you find a good idea, don’t just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea. 4. Keeping an idea journal makes you more sensitive to new ideas. You will quickly recognize them because you already have the habit of catching ideas.

5.

Of course, it doesn’t do you much good if you just write down ideas. Take time to read these ideas every now and then. In my case, I mark the ideas that I consider important and review them regularly. This often opens the way to new ideas.

A. Design your own ideas

B. Go over your ideas

C. In this way, others can also benefit from your ideas.

D. One way to do that is to read.

E. Otherwise, the idea might be gone forever.

F. It makes you like finding new ideas.

G. This helps me get the most out of the book.

    Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching? Scientists have been able to record the “private” moments of wildlife with leading-edge technology. Low-cost, dependable and small modern cameras are of big help.

Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have taken videos of everything from small desert cats to later snow loving felines (猫科) in the northern Rocky Mountains. These cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife.

Some videos help scientists see the effects of climate change. For example, the desert animal javelin and the tree-loving coatimundi have been caught on cameras north of their normal home. This could mean global warming is enlarging their living area northward.

Researchers use cameras along with global positioning systems, or GPS. They attach GPS devices (设备) to mule deer and antelope in and around Yellowstone National Park. Then they can record their movements, or migrations (迁移) . These cameras can be left in very rural (荒野的) areas for days, weeks or even month. They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time.

Rural video can show details about animal behavior, such as the calls made by migrating. Also some cameras record animal life and show everything from bison in Saskatchewan, Canada, to the underwater weed forest off California’s Channel Islands.

However, rural cameras have their problems too. Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them. Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest. Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals. Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. Even with such problems, rural cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.

1.Which of the following helps scientists know about climate change?

A. How active animals are. B. What animals eat.

C. Where animals go. D. When animals move.

2.Where are the cameras fixed?

A. Under water B. In the field

C. On GPS devices. D. On wild animals.

3.What may be the disadvantage of the rural cameras?

A. They affect animals' search for good.

B. They make wild animals puzzled.

C. They make animals attack one another frequently.

D. They might bring danger to animals.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Cameras Record Animals in the Wild B. Every Coin Has Two Sides

C. Animals No Longer Have Secrets D. An Invention Makes Animals Mad

    A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses three dimensional (3-D) printing to re-create famous paintings so that they can be touched.

One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt’s “The Kiss.” It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman.

Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who have trouble seeing can not enjoy the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction (复制品) they can touch the piece and feel the ridges (隆起) and depressions (凹地). Andreas Reichinger started making 3-D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple’s robes are so detailed (精细的).

Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it, she said, “Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.” Raditsch said she can imagine what the original painting looks like when she touches the reproduction. “It’s somehow round. You can feel it. It comes with it. And in many places it’s so smooth. And then I think to myself: it probably shines too!” Raditsch said.

The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3-D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado, in Madrid, Spain, have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3-D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.

1.What is “The Kiss”?

A. A European Union project. B. A popular painting

C. A 3-D technology. D. A famous museum.

2.Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish?

A. The painting was reproduced detailedly.

B. The original artwork was made in 1908.

C. Blind art fans can’t download the source files.

D. The 3-D technology is not available.

3.What is the best title for the text?

A. A European Union Program for Museum Visitors

B. How to Reproduce the World-famous Paintings

C. A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna, Austria

D. 3-D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous Paintings

SUPPORT WORKER

Do you have the ability to care for others? Can you understand how the old people feel? Are you a good communicator? Do you have good listening skills? Can you work on weekends?

If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you:

☆ Starting rate of ￡8.56 per hour

☆ Free uniform

☆ Excellent training

Contact at us at careers@golden-care.com

WOWEE MAGAZINE

Writers Wanted

Wowee Magazine is looking for writers for its website. Pay is based on the number of people who read your articles. You may also receive free tickets to events and free products to test. This is a great chance to get valuable work experience.

We want people who are: chatty, interesting, enthusiastic, skilled.

Contact us at info@wowee.com

CALLING ALL MODELS

Think you could be a model? If so, we'd like to meet you!

Working as a successful fashion model isn't easy but it is very exciting and could be a great chance.

Girls should be over 16 with a minimum height of 172 cm and boys should have a minimum height of 182cm. If you are under 16 and do not yet have the required height, we would still be interested in meeting you, but you must bring a parent.

Contact us at info@top-model-agency.uk

WORK FOR COFFEE BEANS

Join Britain's number one cafe at Coffee Beans, where every cafe has the same aims: to create family-like teams and to give excellent customer service.

Many different kinds of people come and work with us, so start your career at Coffee Beans today:

☆ Choose the hours you work

☆ Get management experience

☆ Share your love of coffee

Join us as a Team Member, Assistant Manager of Cafe Manager, depending on your skills and experience.

Email us at jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk

1.Which address should you email at if you want to be a support worker?

A. info@wowee.com B. jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk

C. info@top-model-agency.uk D. careers@golden-care.com

2.A writer working for Wowee Magazine can______.

A. get a free uniform B. bring a parent

C. receive free tickets to events D. choose working hours

3.What can we learn about the jobs from the job postings?

A. The chance to be a model is only for adults.

B. There is no need to be trained as a support worker.

C. Employees at Coffee Beans have few management opportunities.

D. Applicants to Wowee Magazine are supposed to be sociable and enthusiastic.

假定你是李华，现正在加拿大多伦多大学做中加交换生项目，该大学汉语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的中国学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：

1.简要介绍自己；

2.你的优势；

3.此项志愿者工作给你带来的益处。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir，

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下便条。便条中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线\划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different persons' minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill their spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies.We should treat to it in a right way.

请阅读下面句子，并在空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

1.I wish you would give me a more detailed __________(describe) of your trip.

2.The _______(受害者) of the earthquake and the tsunami were buried.

3.I am glad that all my efforts and ________(勇敢) finally paid off.

4.His devotion to his work was __________(令人钦佩).

5.We regret to tell you that  your size is ________(暂时) unavailable.

    I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and expanding my comfort zone was not something I like. In fact, I wouldn’t have become a runner if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a serious competitive ______ for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he ______ it. So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to ______ him at the track. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed us ______ up for a five-kilometer race. I ______ about doing it because it was too soon.

The ______ sent a signal. Thousands of runners pushed forward. The first kilometer was ______. I was already breathing heavily and painfully aware of the group of runners ______ me. Charles was trying to ______ me, to get me focused on something _______my discomfort.

After another minute I saw the three-kilometer ______. “Painful” couldn’t _____describe how I felt. And there was pain, so much pain. I rounded a ______, and saw both sides of the street ______ with people watching the race, all ______ the runners up. I tried to keep my ______ going. I knew that if I actually ______ this race I would have achieved something. So, I ______ up and went on.

Finally I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a medal around my neck. I ______ held my medal, walking to the post-race celebrations with Charles. My lungs and my ______ zone both expanded.

1.A. walker B. runner C. climber D. swimmer

2.A. missed B. regretted C. forbade D. selected

3.A. upset B. tolerate C. join D. encourage

4.A. either B. none C. both D. all

5.A. worried B. complained C. wondered D. hesitated

6.A. gun B. watch C. player D. candidate

7.A. unbelievable B. easy C. extraordinary D. difficult

8.A. falling behind B. passing by C. laughing at D. looking after

9.A. impress B. encourage C. comfort D. upset

10.A. except B. besides C. including D. like

11.A. line B. notice C. mark D. end

12.A. once B. ever C. sometimes D. even

13.A. corner B. field C. playground D. river

14.A. crowded B. covered C. carried D. faced

15.A. pushing B. holding C. cheering D. turning

16.A. heads B. eyes C. legs D. back

17.A. stopped B. lost C. failed D. finished

18.A. came B. straightened C. gave D. broke

19.A. carelessly B. proudly C. unwillingly D. foolishly

20.A. sports B. energy C. health D. comfort

    Now VAR technology is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut (首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup. 1.. It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main judge by watching video replays.

The VAR team supported the judges from a centralized video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 2.. They will communicate with the judges only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The judge can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. 3., the judge would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.

4.. Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a judge following a controversial decision. 5.. With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that.

A. VAR works as video judges

B. If one team is likely to win a game

C. It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary

D. Now VAR has incurred heated discussion

E. Once they decide an incident is reviewable

F. Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes

G. VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again

    Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked?  They’re called “placebo(安慰剂）buttons”一buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed，but provide no functionality.

In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk buttons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached today’s levels.

But while their function was taken over by more advanced systems—such as automated lights or traffic sensors — the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expense. Other cities，such as Boston，Dallas and Seattle，have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6, 000 traffic signals, pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light. But that doesn’t necessarily mean that the “green man”— or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design profession — will appear any sooner.

“We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,’’ said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.

These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if they’re running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.

According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of control — and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.

1.Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities?

A. Because it may cost money to replace them.

B. Because they remain as memories of a city.

C. Because do have real functions in traffic.

D. Because they can result in reliable lights.

2.Which of the following word can replace the underline word “features” in Paragraph 4?

A. Functions. B. Uses.

C. Equipment. D. Facilities.

3.If you pressed a “placebo button” in London, what would happen?

A. All traffic would be affected. B. Some kind of sound might appear.

C. Pedestrians came first to cross the road. D. “Green man” were bound to show up earlier.

4.What can we know about “placebo buttons” from Langer’s words?

A. They can really control traffic. B. They serve little functions.

C. They may work mentally. D. They can help the blind.

    At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing some quality in me. For example, when I was 12, I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico, to always put on sunscreen, not to wander away from my grandmother, and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.

But despite her worries, she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens, she continued to give me space to grow and learn, even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year, I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers: while many of them wanted to stay close to home, I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away, she was supportive and excited for me.

One big thing I realized during my senior year, as my mom granted me more freedom, was that she actually believes in me and trusts me. That means a lot. Most of my life, and especially when I was little, the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best from me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards: getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.

I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important, like education, and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.

1.What may “some quality” in Paragraph 1 actually refer to?

A. “My” stubbornness. B. “My” independence.

C. “My” misbehavior. D. “My” carelessness.

2.What is the author’s attitude to his or her mother’s way of raising children?

A. Appreciative. B. Critical.

C. Opposed. D. Supportive.

3.What can we infer about the mother?

A. She always gets nervous easily. B. She often gets involved in “my” life.

C. She used to be strict in “my” study. D. She would limit “me” too much

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. A mother’s deep love. B. A child’s Independence

C. A mother’s trust and support D. A child’s long way to growth.

    Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度).

In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia, which is a life-threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.

In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life-threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.

1.What keeps our body temperature stable?

A. Culture and technologies. B. The stable earth temperature.

C. Our strong determination. D. Some kind of in-body system.

2.What is a Swedish woman mentioned for in the text?

A. Proving the strength of life.

B. Arguing against some conclusion.

C. Showing the limit on humans’ body temperature.

D. Introducing an exceptional case about our body temperature.

3.Which of the following may cause hyperthermia?

A. Extreme climates. B. Very cold climates.

C. Controllable infections. D. Temperatures below 29.4°C.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Humans’ Temperature Regulating System B. Changes of Body Temperatures

C. Humans’ Temperature D. A Ice Trap Survivor

    International Airport Sheremetyevo Moscow

►If You've Lost Personal possessions

On Board

Contact the airline’s representatives

At the Airport

Contact:

-- Sheremetyevo Police Department

……………………………………  +7(495)578-22-55

--Unclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal C

……………………………………  +7(495)578-23-26

--Umclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal D

…………………………………… +7(499)500-65-52

(domestic flights)

+7(495)753-86-41

(international flights)

When collecting Lost and Found items, you shall have an identification document, a boarding pass or a ticket, and also to indicate a place where the items were lost and prove they are yours.

►If Your Luggage Is Lost or Damaged

Before leaving the arrival area, please turn to the Lost and Found counter to file a report. The written claim shall be submitted to the airline company not later than seven days from the time when the luggage was to be collected.

If your luggage is not found within twenty-one days of the time when the claim was filed, you have the right to claim damages in the amount of not more than 600 rubles per kilogram. Amount refunded (退款) for a hand luggage lost through the fault of an airline is not more than 11,000 rubles regardless of its weight. Amount refunded for damaged luggage is calculated based on the tariffs (关税).

Keep your flight documents (a ticket, boarding pass, luggage tag, and delayed luggage report filed at the airport) until the end of the procedure for searching for your luggage.

Current information on luggage-tracing results

…………………………………… +7(495)578-76-65

Lost and Found service of Aeroflot Airlines

…………………………………… +7(495)544-33-25

(from 9:00 to 20:00)

+7(495)753-86-41

(24 hours)

For further information please contact the airline.

1.What should you do if you find your personal possessions lost on board?

A. Turn to the airline’s staff. B. Contact the police office.

C. Submit a claim to the company. D. Go to the Lost and Found counter.

2.How much money can you claim if your 20-kilogram hand luggage is damaged?

A. It depends on its weight. B. It depends on the tariffs.

C. 12,000 rubles at most. D. 11,000 rubles at most.

3.Which number should you dial if you found your luggage missing at midnight on your arrival?

A. +7(495)578-76-65. B. +7(495)578-23-26.

C. +7(495)753-86-41. D. +7(495)544-33-25.

假定你是李华，你校手工俱乐部（Handicraft Club）将邀请民间艺人（folk artist）来校教大家制作灯笼。请给你班的交换生Tom写一封电子邮件，邀请他一同参加。内容包括：

1．邀请原因；

2．活动内容；

3．活动时间和地点。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was a math test, for which I have prepared for a long time. So much importance I attach to it that I even felt a little nervous before a test.  My heart began to beat wild immediately I took my seat in the classrooms. Looking at the test paper, our mind went blank. I attempted to focus my attention and it was impossible. So I closed my eyes and took a deep breath, try to calm down. It worked. Gradually I recovered from my calmness. Feeling more relaxing, I picked up my pen and began to write.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。

Iceland is a land of volcanoes. Nowhere is 1.（evident） than on the Westman Islands off the southern coast of Iceland. Here, 2.（century） of volcanic eruptions formed many eye-catching sea cliffs （悬崖）, among 3. one stands out: A part of the volcano-formed coast on Heimaey looks exactly like the head of a large elephant 4.（stick）its trunk in the water.

In fact, it looks so much like an elephant that many people think it must have been shaped by humans. That is not 5. case, however. The elephant’s realistic 6.（appear）is, at least partially, due to the fact that the cliff 7.（consist）of a special rock. The rock gives the figure “skin” that looks wrinkled and gray, just like that of a real elephant.

The most common theory is that the rock formations came from the Eldfell Volcano, which   8.（erupt）many times since the 1940s.

In spite of the strong resemblance to an elephant, some people 9.（actual）see something different when they look at the rock formation. They see the fictional character Cthulhu, a sea beast.

Whether you see an elephant 10. a fictional beast, as one of many attractions on Heimaey, the rock does draw curious sightseers.

    “Mom, I don’ t like you,” my two-year-old son said.

“Okay...is that ______ you love me?” I asked.

“No, you’ re not lovely.”

That night, as I washed my face, I ______ a little longer in the mirror—not because I was hurt by his ______, but because I noticed there was no light in my ______.

I took out a pen and started writing a list—a list to ______ myself; a list to put sparkle（火花）back into my eyes. I once made many lists but ______ accomplished anything. This time would be ______!

The first goal on my list I wanted to achieve was ______ a Polar Plunge to raise money for the Special Olympics. On that day, when I ______ into my 1980s workout clothes, Jack smiled, “Mom, you look ______.” Maybe, just maybe some light ______ my eyes.

When coming out of the cold lake I felt happy and proud. I kept screaming, “I ______ it !” But one of the most exciting parts of the day was when I stood in front of my ______, which was taped on the refrigerator door. I ______ item number one. With that, I began to take back my life.

Everyone taking part in the Polar Plunge received a ______. Whenever I wore it, Jack asked, “Is that your Polar Plunge clothing?” I answered ______, “Yes!” “I want to do that too.” I was happy he remembered I jumped into a ______ lake, and that he wanted to do activities with me.

With each ______ crossed off（划掉） the list, a piece of myself is ______. Not only am I showing my family it’ s important to ______, but I’ m showing myself that I’ m worth it.

1.A. how B. where C. whether D. because

2.A. washed B. looked C. stayed D. felt

3.A. behavior B. statement C. question D. rudeness

4.A. face B. life C. eyes D. thoughts

5.A. defeat B. save C. explain D. teach

6.A. seldom B. always C. yet D. almost

7.A. complete B. similar C. unforgettable D. different

8.A. learning from B. setting up C. looking into D. participating in

9.A. jumped B. changed C. ran D. burst

10.A. nervous B. calm C. pretty D. cold

11.A. slid    away B. approached to C. got out of D. came back to

12.A. did B. got C. missed D. appreciated

13.A. mirror B. son C. list D. photo

14.A. ticked B. added C. built D. enlarged

15.A. souvenir B. medal C. cap D. shirt

16.A. patiently B. embarrassingly C. proudly D. unwillingly

17.A. huge B. freezing C. beautiful D. deep

18.A. letter B. date C. name D. goal

19.A. returning B. disappearing C. united D. cured

20.A. work B. dream C. learn D. share

Cold weather is good for you

With winter approaching, people begin to complain about cold weather. 1. There’ s plenty to love about cold weather. And there’ s plenty of evidence that cooler temperatures can be part of a healthy life.

First, cooler temperatures can help you lose weight. It can also help you sleep better. You might feel uncomfortable at first if you cool your bedroom down. But if you, for example, switch your bedroom temperature from 72 down to 62 degrees gradually over a few weeks, your body will adjust. 2.

I have long kept my winter house temperature at 62 degrees. How did I find that number? Well, I experimented on myself about eight years ago. 3. I started at 66 and turned it down one degree every few days until 60. I found when the temperature was colder than 62, I couldn’t focus. But 62 was perfect. Another benefit for me was that it also kept me clear-headed while working at home.

Interestingly, science also says 62 degrees is the magic number for brainwork. 4. It said 62 degrees was the temperature at which the schoolboy subjects of the study functioned perfect. And while we’ re speaking of work and school, other research shows that people study better when the weather outside is “bad”.

5. But according to a Harvard Health Letter from 2010, proper cold temperatures could be good for skin because it trains blood vessels in the skin to be responsive. So, rosy cheeks ! There’ s no reason to be afraid of winter weather. Hug it and you, too, can enjoy the season.

A. I recently read a 1972 study.

B. And you’ll save money on energy costs as well.

C. Many people like to use cold water to wash their face.

D. At that time, I worked at home and liked warm temperature.

E. Most of us think cold weather leads to dry skin and wrinkling.

F. The reason was that I hated spending money on heating bills.

G. But if you’ re active and healthy, it doesn’t have to be a negative thing.

    Wolves strike fear into the hearts of many species, humans included. Our fear of them has brought them to the edge of dying out, as we have cruelly killed them as competitors and trouble-makers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生态）healthy.

Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.

“Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the complexity of biological interactions（互动） in the park,” explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences.  “We were really surprised at that and we’ d never have seen these responses if the park hadn’t adopted ecological-process management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention.”

After the wolves were re-introduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deer-wolf interaction is now more diverse.

To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者） were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predator-prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.

The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.

1.What does the underlined word “anticipate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Expect. B. Understand.

C. Notice. D. Accept.

2.For what purpose was a documentary made?

A. To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.

B. To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.

C. To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.

D. To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.

3.What is the significance of the research?

A. It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.

B. It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.

C. It shows the complex relationships between species.

D. It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.

B. The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.

C. Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.

D. The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.

    Some of the world’ s biggest companies—Apple, Amazon, Facebook—didn’ t exist 30 years ago. So what firms are we working for in 2050? That’ s a question put forward by historian Yuval Noah Harari in his new book “21 Lessons for the 21st Century”.

He argues that because technology is changing so fast, it’ s one of the first times in human history when we don’t know what jobs will look like in the coming three decades.  “So the best bet is to focus on emotional intelligence（EQ） ,” he said. “Information is the last thing the kids need. They have too much of it.”

In this book, he focuses on the various challenges facing us today. As he writes in the book’ s introduction: “What are today’s greatest challenges? What should we pay attention to? What should we teach our kids?” One area where these questions crop up is artificial intelligence （AI）. Harari believes that AI will completely affect the job market for the next generation of workers.

His first two books—“Sapiens” and “Homo Deus”—became international bestsellers, selling more than 12 million copies worldwide. They were praised by the likes of Mark Zuckerberg, Barack Obama and Bill Gates. Harari’ s books, about the past and future of humanity, attract a great number of fans. Fellow Israeli, actress Natalie Portman, is a fan. So is American R&B star Janelle Monae.

As for Bill Gates, he might be Harari’ s biggest fan.  So when the New York Times asked him to review Harari’ s latest books, he jumped at the opportunity. “All the three books wrestle with some version of the same question: What will give our lives meaning in the decades and centuries ahead?” Gates wrote in his review. “So far, human history has been driven by a desire to live longer, healthier, happier lives. If science is eventually able to give that dream to most people, and large numbers of people no longer need to work, what reason will we have to get up in the morning?”

1.What is the best way to help students face the uncertain future according to Harari?

A. Teaching them advanced technology.

B. Providing them with more information.

C. Improving their emotional intelligence.

D. Reminding them of fierce competitions.

2.What does Harari stress in his new book?

A. The bright future of the future workers.

B. Different challenges in face of people.

C. Lessons humans should learn from history.

D. The disadvantages of artificial intelligence.

3.What can we learn about Harari?

A. He is Bill Gates’ good friend. B. He has a deep understanding of AI.

C. He is highly thought of by everyone. D. His books are well received in the world.

4.What is talked about in all of Harari’ s three books?

A. The desire to enjoy life. B. The limitless opportunities in the future.

C. The driving force of human history. D. The source of life meaning in the future.

    I waited half an hour, set the board, and sat in the studio, reviewing my questions until the telephone lines flashed.

“Hello ?”

“This is Connie Chung. I’m so sorry I’m late.”

Connie Chung was one of the only four women anchors （主播） to make it into the club of major evening network television news. For almost an hour we talked about the industry. When I asked if she ever had an instructor throughout her trials, she turned around and offered to instruct me. When I asked why she decided to do it, she simply replied, “Because you’re good.”

That afternoon I rushed home and told my mother what had happened. Without looking up, she just said “Good for you.” Hearing this, I felt a sense of loss.  Her consistent response always made me feel under-appreciated.

Until then I had been searching for something that I would never get—that sense of love and acceptance in a house full of negativity （消极）.

I knew I needed to get rid of all the negativity in my life first, so I packed my bags and walked out of the house, thinking a risk would allow me to open myself to the world again and receive all the positive energy that I needed.

Then radio became my way of connecting with others. My ability to book high-level guests and celebrities（名人）was gradually recognized and eventually all the words of encouragement from past guests and colleagues helped me to re-build my confidence levels. “I can do this,” I kept telling myself, and pushed even harder to find my next aim.

People had faith in me, so I developed faith in myself. Their positive attitudes towards themselves and towards me helped me develop my own positive attitude, leading to productive interactions with celebrities and adding to my list of instructors.

I may not have started life surrounded by positivity but I surely feel that I am surrounded by it now. It’ s amazing how positivity builds on itself.

1.What was the author probably doing at the beginning of the text?

A. He was preparing for a show. B. He was looking for an instructor.

C. He was waiting to be interviewed. D. He was broadcasting news in the studio.

2.How did the author’s mother react when told about Connie’s decision?

A. She felt excited. B. She didn’t believe it.

C. She was very grateful. D. She didn’t take it seriously.

3.Why did the author leave home?

A. To broaden his view. B. To escape punishment.

C. To keep away from negativity. D. To set up a home of his own.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. The Strength of Positivity B. My Goal in Career

C. My Ability in Management D. The Friendship Between Anchors

    On Sept. 19 the Westchase Elementary PTA （ Parent-Teacher Association） will hold its Wizard Walk. The Wizard Walk is a locally organized, healthy alternative to traditional product sales that will raise money to support all PTA programs and events for the year. Remaining money will be applied to an on-going capital campaign to build a new playground.

The Wizard Walk will take place on Wednesday, Sept. 28, from 8 a. m. to noon at the Westchase Recreation Center Field.  Volunteers will be needed throughout the event.  Look for more Wizard Walk information and volunteer sign-up links in your student’s folder, or contact（联系）Laura Kohler at president＠ westchasepta. org.

The PTA is also holding a year-long Spirit Stick fundraiser（资金筹集活动）. Spirit Sticks are small and students can display them on a key ring on their backpacks, which represent a variety of interests and accomplishments. There will be many ways to earn a Spirit Stick （good grades, great behavior, exceptional attendance, etc. ） and opportunities to purchase the limited edition sticks for just  $1 every Friday in the courtyard. For more information, contact Nikki Pivnichny at fundraising@ westchasepta. org.

In addition to new fundraising programs, the PTA is partnering with our Guidance Counselor, Mrs. Kiersten Rivenburg, on a new campaign called Kindness Counts. Look for new recognitions and rewards as we continue to promote kindness from our children, staff and parents throughout the year. For more information, contact Laura Smith at kindnesscounts@ westchasepta. org.

Now in its eighth year, the After-School Enrichment Program （ASE） is bringing back some favorite programs and offering some new ones. Students will have the opportunity to explore and develop a variety of new interests. Class schedules will be available soon. Registration starts on Sept. 7. Fall session begins Sept. 21 -22. For more information, contact Jennifer Newman at ase@ westchasepta. org.

1.What is the purpose of the Wizard Walk?

A. To donate to an on-going training program.

B. To exchange traditional products.

C. To support the building of a new school building.

D. To collect money for certain programs and events.

2.What can we learn about Spirit Sticks?

A. They can be used as key rings.

B. They are made by students themselves.

C. The limited edition sticks can be bought.

D. Only students with good grades can get them.

3.If students want to develop a new hobby, they can get in touch with ________.

A. Laura Kohler B. Nikki Pivnichny

C. Laura Smith D. Jennifer Newman

假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在英国举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。

内容主要包括:1.自我介绍(包括英语能力)；

2.参加意图(学习英文、介绍中国、了解其他国家)；

3.希望获准。

注意:1.词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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