On a recent afternoon, some 60 years after they graduated from grammar school, Kathleen Rys, 72, and her sister Lorraine O'Kelly, 70, sat down and had a meal with a classmate, Bruce Smit, 71, for the first time.

In the 1950s, Lorraine and Kathleen Rys' family moved from Chicago to Monee. As new kids at Monee Elementary School, they soon found themselves on the outs with other students.

"I would be with the other guys and see Kathleen walking down the hallway, her head down, holding her books, walking slowly. And all of us guys would be flat against the wall until she passed. Then we'd burst into laughter. How rude is that? It's just crazy." said Smit, a doctor whose wife, Tammy, organized the meeting.

The women said none of the teachers cared about it. "We just kept it to ourselves. " Lorraine said.

Over the years, Tammy Smit said, "Bruce would just start to cry at times. He'd wonder what happened to the sisters, if they landed OK." One day a few weeks ago, Tammy took to the internet and found Mary O'Kelly, Lorraine's daughter, and offered to set up a meeting. The idea of revisiting the pain was not well- received by Kathleen, who had never married, let alone gone on a date. It took some convincing, but Lorraine finally got Kathleen to agree to meet with Bruce.

Bruce broke into tears. "I'm so ashamed, so embarrassed," he said. "But I'm so happy you're still here and that I can finally apologize. " He said he hopes his apology will encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they make on others. Lorraine said, "This is a beautiful thing. It's just wonderful that a person from 60 years ago can ask for forgiveness. It's like a miracle to us. It's a healing to us."

1.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?

A. Kathleen made her classmates afraid of her at school.

B. Kathleen was once hurt by her classmates at school.

C. Bruce Smit asked his wife to organize the meeting.

D. Bruce Smit spoke ill of Kathleen.

2.What does "it" in paragraph 4 probably refer to?

A. The guys’ meeting.

B. Kathleen’s slow pace.

C. The guys’ apology.

D. Kathleen’s suffering.

3.How did Kathleen first feel about the meeting?

A. Angry.

B. Excited.

C. Anxious.

D. Unwilling.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Bruce was embarrassed for his apology.

B. The other guys apologized to the two sisters.

C. Bruce and the two sisters felt a sense of relief.

D. Lorraine thought the apology came a little late.

The U.S. has countless secret swimming holes throughout most states, many of which you've likely never heard of unless you're from the area.

1.People need an official written statement to visit _________.

A. Havasu Falls    B. Hamilton Pool    C. Chutes and Ladders    D. Homestead Crater

2.What do you need to get to Chutes and Ladders?

A. A tour guide.    B. An invitation.

C. More outdoor skills.    D. Reservation in advance.

3.Which of the following can best describe the four places?

A. They are hidden in remote areas.    B. They are shaped by limestone.

C. They are created by local people.    D. They are accessible through a hole.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.Which team has played in every World Cup?

A. Brazil.    B. Portugal.    C. South Africa.

2.What is the trophy(奖杯) named after?

A. A famous place.

B. A special stadium.

C. The organizer.

3.How many cities was the 2018 World Cup held in?

A. 32.    B. 15.    C. 11.

4.Why does the speaker say Japan made history?

A. They won the champion once.

B. They beat a South American team.

C. They made their fourth appearance.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What’s Brett just doing?

A. Downloading e-books.

B. Reading an e-book.

C. Buying an e-book reader.

2.What advantage of the e-book reader does Brett mention?

A. The large storage capacity.

B. The low cost in the long term.

C. The decrease in the use of paper.

3.Why does Fiona refuse to buy an e-book reader?

A. She doesn’t read much.

B. She likes printed books better.

C. She has enough books to read.

4.Where does the conversation take place?

A. In a store.    B. In a classroom.    C. In a library.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where is the woman’s company?

A. In Japan.    B. In Britain.    C. In Australia.

2.Why does the man talk to the woman?

A. To look for a travel agent.

B. To ask about a tour.

C. To seek cooperation.

3.What are the speakers going to do next?

A. Do the market research.

B. Go to a restaurant.

C. Have a discussion.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the man plan to do?

A. Raise a dog.    B. Set animals free.    C. Find a dog trainer.

2.How does the woman sound in the end?

A. Curious.    B. Annoyed.    C. Excited.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the man doing?

A. Watching TV.    B. Having a party.    C. Reading a book.

2.What is the man going to do?

A. Go out with the woman.

B. Pick up the children.

C. Make a phone call.

How might the woman feel?

A. Uneasy.    B. Disappointed.    C. Unconcerned.

What seemed to be Sarah’s problem?

A. She couldn’t finish the task as required.

B. She failed in a job interview again.

C. She always went to work late.

What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. Environmental protection.

B. Greenhouse effect.

C. Gardening skills.

How much more does Lucas need for the cellphone?

A. $300.    B. $500.    C. $800.

What did the woman try to quit drinking?

A. Tea.    B. Coffee.    C. Juice.

为了号召大家多读书，你校于7月25日组织了一次“亲子共读（parent-child reading）”活动。假设你是校英文报的记者，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇短文，报道此次活动。

1. 地点：学校图书馆；

2. 参加者：高二年级学生与家长；

3. 活动内容：亲子共读一本书；分享读书体会；互相推荐优秀书籍；

4. 简短评论。

注意：1. 词数120左右；         

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Sunday, I went on a hike with one of my best friend, Kevin. I got up early that morning and prepare lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went Kevin’s home to pick him up. On the way to the mountain, we enjoyed at seeing many beautiful flowers along the road. After we arrived at the mountain, all of us couldn’t help admire the natural scenery. Then he advised that we had a race between us, what made me excited too. But I agreed immediately. In a hurry, Kevin tripped on a stone and fell all the way down. Fortunate, he got stuck on a tree and I pulled him up at last. What a day!

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Once a boy had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him1.when he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the fence.

The first day the boy2.（ drive） 37 nails into the fence . As he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered3. （gradual） decreased. He discovered4.was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence.

Finally the day came5.he did not lose his temper. His father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day when he was able to hold his anger. Days passed and all the nails were gone.

The father took the boy6. the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “ Look at the holes．The fence will never be the same. When you say things7. anger，they leave scars just like the ones on the fence. No matter how many times you say “I am sorry”,8.wound is still there, a verbal wound is as bad9.a physical one. Friends are very rare jewels, indeed. They make you smile and encourage you 10.（success）.They lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.”

Though one can change his or her physical appearance with the help of cosmetics (化妆品), honesty is a quality that is not as easily obtained (获得). _______, when choosing my friends, I look for people who ______ honesty as much as I do.

Honesty is much more ______ than physical appearance, because, for me, a friend’s primary function is to be my secret keeper and problem _______. When I have a problem, I like to ask for ______ from my friends. However, I want to be sure that I can discuss private things with my friends and that they won’t ______ anyone else. Also, I want my friends to give me their ______ opinions. I don’t want them to lie to me or try to ______ the truth. That would only ______ me and make me upset.

In addition, I like being an honest person that people can _______. I believe friends should have a(n) ____ influence on you and help you to better yourself. If I am around someone who repeatedly lies, I might pick up his or her bad _______. Then, I would become someone that others cannot trust.

Another ______ is that physical appearance is not always a good reflection (反映) of how someone is on the inside. Your friend’s ______ cannot help you to solve a problem or make you feel ______ when you’re feeling bad. However, an honest person with a good personality will ______ your feelings enough to tell you the truth, even when telling the truth may be difficult. ______ a good personality, good looks do not last.

Overall, I believe one’s social life will always be much more ______ if one has an honest friend rather than a physically ______ one. The phrase “Honesty is the best policy” is especially ______ when it comes to keeping lasting friendships.

1.A. Besides    B. However    C. Therefore    D. Anyhow

2.A. doubt    B. value    C. show    D. fear

3.A. common    B. obvious    C. mysterious    D. important

4.A. maker    B. lover    C. solver    D. finder

5.A. money    B. trouble    C. advice    D. permission

6.A. tell    B. see    C. answer    D. invite

7.A. contrary    B. honest    C. various    D. mistaken

8.A. face    B. admit    C. hide    D. discover

9.A. treat    B. forget    C. hurt    D. refuse

10.A. miss    B. trust    C. learn    D. meet

11.A. immediate    B. positive    C. slight    D. dangerous

12.A. tip    B. secret    C. habit    D. skill

13.A. result    B. goal    C. function    D. reason

14.A. mind    B. feelings    C. behavior    D. looks

15.A. safer    B. better    C. stronger    D. sadder

16.A. describe    B. respect    C. waken    D. discuss

17.A. With    B. Except    C. Unlike    D. Over

18.A. normal    B. pleasant    C. modern    D. peaceful

19.A. active    B. sick    C. possible    D. attractive

20.A. true    B. simple    C. rude    D. polite

We are not suggesting that you can reach a permanent state called “happiness” and remain there. But there are many ways to turn the path of anxiety, anger, and sadness into a state of happiness. Here are four ideas to get you started. 1..

● Laugh out loud

Just expecting a happy, funny event can raise levels of pleasure-causing hormones(荷尔蒙) and lower production of stress hormones. Researchers at the University of California tested 16 men, who all agreed they thought a certain videotape was funny. Half were told three days in advance they would watch it. 2. When they actually watched the video, their levels of stress hormones dropped greatly, while their levels of pleasure-causing hormones rose 27 percent.

● Do one thing at a time

Eduward Suarez, professor of medical psychology at Duck, found that people who do several things at the same time are more likely to have high blood pressure. 3. Instead of talking on the phone while cleaning the kitchen, sit down in a comfortable chair and turn your entire attention over to the conversation.

● 4.

Although relationships help take away stress, sometimes you need time to recharge and reflect on your own. Take yourself out to lunch or to a movie, or simply spend an afternoon reading at home, or looking through books in a bookstore.

● Practice mindfulness

5. Instead of worrying about your check-up tomorrow while having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now—food, the company, and the conversation.

A. Spend time alone.

B. Focus on the present.

C. Take care of the soul.

D. Take that finding seriously.

E. Choose the ones that work for you.

F. They started experiencing biological changes right away.

G. find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret place to.

My husband David was waiting at the door when our daughter Laura and I pulled in the driveway. It wasn’t like him to be home so early. The disbelief on his face told me that something was up.

"Do you still have a job?"

"No. Redundant," he answered, looking away from me.

"OK. We’ll figure it out," I replied calmly.

I actually had no idea how we were going to figure it out. I immediately started to think of how we’d cut costs and who we should start to get in touch with. That night, after David had fallen asleep, I cried myself to sleep, and frequently sobbed in the shower in the days that followed.

I knew the loss of David’s income would have great effect on us. He had worked for the same insurance company for twenty-one years and was our main income. I work at home caring for Laura, and my freelance(自由职业者的)income is uncertain. We have debts, and job hunting takes time.

Still, I was more concerned about my husband’s emotional state than our financial situation. David’s sense of identity was tied to his job. He called his parents to tell them about losing his job, but didn’t say a word to anyone else for weeks. He told me that he felt like "a failure".

It was tough for me to watch David struggle with unemployment. One night a couple of weeks after he lost his job, David woke me just before midnight, sweating, pacing the bedroom floor and saying he felt funny. We spent the night in the emergency room waiting to see if he had a heart attack. Thankfully, it was just a serious anxiety attack. It was then that I knew I needed to do more to understand what my husband was going through. Here is what I learned from my own experience—and from talking to experts—on how to support your spouse through a job loss.

1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word "Redundant" in Paragraph 3?

A. A piece of cake.    B. Out of question.

C. My treat.    D. Out of employment.

2.What did the writer do about her husband’s situation at first?

A. She always remained calm and gave him advice.

B. She appeared calm when in fact she was worried.

C. She began to write about her husband’s situation to the newspapers.

D. She went to consult some doctors.

3.What can we know about David?

A. He was fired by the company he had worked for twenty-one years.

B. He never thought himself "a failure" even when jobless.

C. He was aware of the family’s financial situation.

D. Upon leaving the job, he suffered a heart attack and had to consult the doctor.

4.What will be talked about in the next part of the passage?

A. What the writer did to help get some income.

B. How David suffered from the heart attack and the treatment.

C. How the writer supported David to get through the jobless period.

D. Why the insurance company fired David.

As a capital city full of art and history, London is an important political centre and a huge financial marketplace. Whatever you think about London, visiting as a tourist is very different from living there. Each part of London has its own character. Some parts are richer than others, or more industrial, or have better housing.

Let’s start with the centre, the “Square Mile”. This is the oldest part of London. In the past, it was where all financial business was done. Not many people live here, but 300,000 people work here every day.

Moving west, we come to the West End. This busy shopping and entertainment district is bursting with things to do. Take a walk down Oxford Street, and you will see big department stores like Selfridges and Harrods. Rents here are very high; a one-bedroom apartment may cost around 1,000 pounds a week. Further away is West London. This area is more residential(住宅的)and very fashionable.

The East End contains the Port of London, which historically is where many immigrants first arrived. Waves of French, Belgians, Jews, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis have all lived here. This makes the culture of this area very various. London won the bid to hold the Olympics in 2012, so many Londoners hope that housing, education and employment for many people in this area will improve.

It is difficult to be general about London. The city is made up of a " collection of villages”, each area with its own character and community. Put them all together, and you have London, an international capital.

1.Which of the following descriptions about Square Mile is NOT true?

A. It is the oldest part of London.

B. It is the center of London.

C. All financial business was once done there.

D. 300, 000 people live there.

2.Tom, an American, wants to go shopping in London. He had better go to         .

A. the East End    B. the West End

C. the Port of London    D. the Square Mile

3.According to the passage, Harrods is                .

A. a department store    B. a residential area

C. a famous square    D. a small village

4.What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A. The East End is richer than other parts of London.

B. There must be many ships in the East End.

C. People living in the East End have good housing.

D. Most Londoners are satisfied with their government.

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. His parents’ house was in north London, but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father’s old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.

Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Dennis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph. D, he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.

Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982,and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.

1.At his teenage, Stephen W. Hawking went to the same college as             .

A. Galileo    B. his father

C. Isaac Barrow    D. Isaac Newton

2.Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to Hawking?

a. He gained his Ph. D.

b. He went to Cambridge.

c. He was given a first class honour degree.

d. He began to hold the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.

e. He went to St Albans School.

A. e-c-b-a-d    B. a-e-c-d-b

C. a-e-c-b-d    D. c-b-d-e-a

3.According to the passage, Stephen W. Hawking had never spent much time studying         .

A. Cosmology    B. Mathematics

C. Physics    D. Medicine

4.Before Stephen Hawking went to Cambridge,            .

A. there was no one studying Cosmology in England

B. there was no one studying Cosmology in Oxford

C. there were only a few scientists studying Cosmology in Oxford

D. Cosmology is widely studied in Britain

An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release(释放) of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong ground shaking during a medium（中等的） to large earthquake generally lasts about 10 to 30 seconds. Aftershocks（余震）can occur once in a while for weeks or even months.

Many people think that there is an “earthquake season” or a kind of “earthquake weather”. As a matter of fact, there isn’t. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at time of day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions-sunny, wet. or cold without any special weather tendency(倾向).

Also, you don’t need to worry that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquake, for example, to land sliding or ground falling. However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don’t “ swallow”) that a person could stand in afterwards.

The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or strong piece of furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Don’t attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Earthquakes usually last 10 to 30 seconds.

B. After a big earthquake, there are many more quakes.

C. Cracks in an earthquake are very dangerous.

D. What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.

2.The reason why there isn’t “earthquake weather” is that ____________.

A. an earthquake only lasts seconds and doesn’t happen frequently.

B. an earthquake can happen at any time and in any kind of weather.

C. when an earthquake happens is related to the weather

D. earthquakes don’t change with the seasons

3.The underlined word “swallow” in Paragraph3 probably means “___________”?

A. take sb. / sth. in    B. make sb. frightened

C. make room for sb. to stand in    D. make the ground slide

请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。

The National Outline (纲要) for Educational Reform and Development is bringing change to China’s annual College Entrance Examination.

Currently, a student’s score on the College Entrance Examination is the only factor determining his or her future. Universities set minimum scores in screening (筛选) prospective students, and only those whose scores are higher than the minimum are admitted. The outline suggests that universities choose students based on not only the results of the entrance exam, but also other criteria. For example, if a student’s score is lower than his peers’, but he shows great potential in the subject he’s applying for, then the college might consider admitting him despite the lower general score.

The outline also proposes that some subjects, as a pilot project (试点项目), carry out multiple exams each year. This means that if a student fails an exam, he may have other chances at the exam in the coming semester. And to improve the system for higher education, China will gradually classify exams according to different kinds of education. The outline states that entrance exams for colleges and universities should be organized by the Ministry of Education, while exams for vocational schools (职业学校) should be organized by provincial educational departments.

（写作内容）

1. 请用约30个词概括阅读材料的主要内容；

2. 然后以约120个词就“高考模式改革”谈谈你的看法，包括以下要点:

(1) 你看到这篇新闻报道的感受；

(2) 你最认同文章中提到的哪一种措施；

(3) 你对现行高考模式的看法。

（写作要求）

1. 作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles. By knowing how other members of your learn and organization think---and by others knowing how you think—everyone can be more productive. So how should you evaluate how you and your team think? After a lot of trial-and-error, we developed a three-step method that delivers practical and meaningful results.

Focus. Do you tend to pay the most attention to ideas, process, action, or relationships? For example, in the morning do you think about the problems you need to solve, the plans you need to make, the actions you need to take, or the people you need to see? This isn’t about picking one to the exclusion(排除)of the other. It’s about where your focus naturally lands.

Orientation(方向). A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings. Are you more likely to complain about getting dragged into the weeds or about things being too general and not specific enough? These dimensions are complementary(补充的)to personality, skills, and traditional roles.

Combination. By combing these two dimensions you can know about the thinking style at work in whatever context or setting you chose. When you know your thinking style, you know what naturally energizes you, why certain type of problems are challenging or boring, and what you can do to improve in areas that are important to reaching your goals. Once you know your style, it helps to share it with others, and have others share theirs with you. In this way, your thinking style becomes a useful tool---a kind of social currency---for the team. Imaging you put together a team to work on a new initiative(行动). Wouldn’t you like to know who is energized by big-picture strategy discussions and who finds them frustrating? Who likes to work on the details of the execution? And who is energized by managing the team dynamics?

The landscape of business is changing rapidly, and we have to find new and better ways to connect and communicate. We all want to work better together, the challenge is actually making it happen. Understanding collaboration(合作)through the way of thinking rather than doing is a practical and powerful step forward.

Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.

However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who missed the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.

With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.

Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.

It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to think again about their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.

1.According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.

A. live a better life    B. look for better methods

C. accept technology and advance steadily    D. change ways of living

2.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.

A. tools    B. messages    C. barriers    D. skills

3.The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.

A. describing a process    B. making classification

C. following time order    D. using examples

4.Compared with home-made handicrafts, machine made products _______.

A. lack great accuracy    B. lack the personal touch

C. are of high value    D. are quite welcome

5.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.

B. People review the past with great regret.

C. People’s attitude decides the use of technology.

D. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.

Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.

In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.

Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.

Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.

There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva(唾液),of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.

1.According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?

A. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.

B. The English during regular meals.

C. Americans on their first date.

D. Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.

2.In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "taboos" means _____________.

A. favors    B. gossips    C. hatred    D. prohibitions

3.According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT _______ .

A. social relations    B. marital status    C. the type of food    D. family ties.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Different kinds of food in western countries.

B. Relations between food and social units.

C. Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food.

D. Food consumption in different cultures.

I've written this article and you're reading it. So we are members of the same club. We're both literate一we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialized Western countries, such as the UK and the USA, approximately 20% of the population have "low literacy levels". But what exactly does that mean?

My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn’t play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn’t she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn’t write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter that he'd written to the bank and asked me to check it for grammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn't comfortable or confident. Does that mean that my father had a "low level of literacy"? I don't think so.

There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form, 一anything that you need to do in everyday life一then you are "functionally literate".

Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can’t read or write as well as you would like to.

If you live in a society where most people are literate then you will feel ashamed or embarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn't read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it一and believe it or not, his family had no idea.

We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word "literate" meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call "articulate". Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is today in some societies. Reading was often a cooperative activity一someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible.

Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn’t sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.

Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn’t so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you.

And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.

Being illiterate can have a big effect on people’s lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, and often unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.

World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don’t forget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low level of literacy, isn't necessarily stupid or ignorant — and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn't only found in writing.

1.Why does the author give two examples in Para 2?

A. To show that Father was more literate than Mother.

B. To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways.

C. To indicate how important reading and writing are.

D. To compare the level of literacy between neighbours.

2.According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCETT_____.

A. independent    B. psychological    C. functional    D. social

3.Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT?

A. Reading and writing have always been regarded as equally difficult.

B. People had to read and write well in order to be allowed to vote.

C. Reading and writing have always been viewed as being connected.

D. Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing.

4.What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on?

A. Effects of illiteracy and employment problems.

B. Effects of illiteracy on one’s personality development.

C. Effects of illiteracy and associated problems.

D. Effects of illiteracy on women’s career development.

In agreement with the Agenda of the First Global Employment of Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic, the applicants from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas who have passed the first qualification review will take a written examination. Below lists the relevant information:

1. Date & Time

April 15th, 2017 (Saturday), 9:00 – 12:30.

The applicants are required to enter the examination room before 8:30 am.

2. Location

No. 23 Baiduizijia, Haidian district, Beijing (Capital Normal University Dongyi Zone)

Exam Site No.6; Exam Room: C206

3. Notice

(1) All applicants who have passed the first qualification review please log on Personal application center of the recruitment page (http://recruit.beijing2022.cn) to download and print the admission ticket from April 7th -15th 2017.

(2) All candidates shall bring the admission tickets and valid(有效的) IDs (Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents, Mainland travel permit for Taiwan residents, Foreign passport and etc.)

(3) Please prepare one’s own writing materials including 2B pencil, eraser and black/blue pen.

(4) The candidates will not be allowed to enter the examination room if late for 30mins, and will be also prohibited to leave within 60mins since the entering into the room or 15mins earlier than the deadline.

Kind reminder: Due to the heavy traffic near the exam location, parking space will be so limited that all candidates should take public transport.

4. Transport Route

(1) Subway: No.9 subway to Baiduizi station exit A, 50 meters to North.

(2) Bus: No. 61 / 92 bus to Shouti South Road South Gate station, and 3 minutes’ walk to the destination.

Kind reminder: Capital Normal University Dongyi Zone is not located in the main campus of Capital Normal University, please plan your route properly.

Beijing Organizing Committee

for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

April 7, 2017

In agreement with the Agenda of the First Global Employment of Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic, the applicants from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas who have passed the first qualification review will take a written examination. Below lists the relevant information:

1. Date & Time

April 15th, 2017 (Saturday), 9:00 – 12:30.

The applicants are required to enter the examination room before 8:30 am.

2. Location

No. 23 Baiduizijia, Haidian district, Beijing (Capital Normal University Dongyi Zone)

Exam Site No.6; Exam Room: C206

3. Notice

(1) All applicants who have passed the first qualification review please log on Personal application center of the recruitment page (http://recruit.beijing2022.cn) to download and print the admission ticket from April 7th -15th 2017.

(2) All candidates shall bring the admission tickets and valid(有效的) IDs (Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents, Mainland travel permit for Taiwan residents, Foreign passport and etc.)

(3) Please prepare one’s own writing materials including 2B pencil, eraser and black/blue pen.

(4) The candidates will not be allowed to enter the examination room if late for 30mins, and will be also prohibited to leave within 60mins since the entering into the room or 15mins earlier than the deadline.

Kind reminder: Due to the heavy traffic near the exam location, parking space will be so limited that all candidates should take public transport.

4. Transport Route

(1) Subway: No.9 subway to Baiduizi station exit A, 50 meters to North.

(2) Bus: No. 61 / 92 bus to Shouti South Road South Gate station, and 3 minutes’ walk to the destination.

Kind reminder: Capital Normal University Dongyi Zone is not located in the main campus of Capital Normal University, please plan your route properly.

Beijing Organizing Committee

for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

April 7, 2017

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Applicants who arrive after 8:30 cannot enter the examination room.

B. The Exam Site lies in the main campus of Capital Normal University.

C. The admission tickets and valid IDs are required for the examination.

D. There is nothing to worry about for applicants who drive to the location.

2.The purpose of this passage is to ______.

A. give candidates information about the written exam

B. employ organizers for the Committee

C. promote Beijing Organizing Committee

D. encourage more applicants to take the written exam

Please excuse me if I’m a little sad today. Mark is leaving, and I’m feeling kind of sad. He’s been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years, ______professional skills with a sweet nature.

And now he’s moving on to an exciting new ______ opportunity. It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime, and we’re sincerely______for him. But that doesn’t make it any ______ to say goodbye to a dear friend and trusted colleague.

Our ability to cope with ______ determines happiness in life. But how do we do that? Philosophers’ responses have been ______ . According to the author of the Biblical book of Ecclesiastes, comfort can be found in ______ that “to everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under heaven.” Kahlil Gibran urged his listeners to “let today embrace the ______ with remembrance, and the future with longing.”

A friend of mine reminds his fellow that “survivability depends upon ______.” And a surfer summed up ______ problems in four words: “Go with the flow.”

I think life is a series of ________—both good and bad . No matter how excellent your organizational skills, there will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no_______. The truly successful person is _______ to make adjustments should the need arise.

That means when things_____ that aren't exactly in your plan，you work around them—and then you move on. Of course, some ______ along the road of life are easier to take than others. A rained-out picnic, for example, is easier to _______ than the sudden death of a loved one. But the _______ is the same.

Change, indeed, is painful, yet ever _______ . And if memory has its force and worth, so has______. We’re going to miss Mark, but rather than be lost in the sadness of our parting, we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future－for him, and for us. And then we’ll go out and do everything we can to make that future happen.______our plans change--again.

1.A. toying    B. combining    C. supplying    D. refreshing

2.A. educational    B. commercial    C. medical    D. professional

3.A. pleased    B. pity    C. anxious    D. numb

4.A. odder    B. easier    C. ruder    D. fairer

5.A. change    B. challenge    C. choice    D. chance

6.A. varied    B. evaluated    C. discussed    D. spread

7.A. explaining    B. recommending    C. remembering    D. anticipating

8.A. tomorrow    B. then    C. now    D. past

9.A. competence    B. confidence    C. blessings    D. adaptability

10.A. attitude    B. health    C. life    D. security

11.A. stories    B. events    C. questions    D. memories

12.A. right    B. control    C. advantage    D. priority

13.A. forced    B. prepared    C. allowed    D. encouraged

14.A. come up    B. put out    C. pull up    D. take out

15.A. stops    B. crossings    C. bumps    D. alternatives

16.A. prevent    B. predict    C. handle    D. imagine

17.A. principle    B. conclusion    C. consequence    D. problem

18.A. obvious    B. needful    C. wonderful    D. ambiguous

19.A. future    B. parting    C. attempt    D. hope

20.A. Until    B. Before    C. If    D. After

—James has something to do and can’t come tonight.

—Well, ________, for he is a wet blanket.

A. It’s very kind of you to say so    B. that’s a relief

C. That’s a problem    D. it’s none of your business

The staff were _______ when the company announced a fat bonus for everyone.

A. persons of interest    B. not all there

C. off the top of their heads    D. as green as grass