I’d like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four. I remember it clearly. Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life. My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion, whom we had cared for, bit my father when he attempted to help him. How could he? Why? I couldn’t understand it. I didn’t like him anymore.

I hadn’t thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me. I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on the door, I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的)words. When the door was slammed(砰地关上)in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog bit my father 20 years ago or so. What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal.

Both stories taught me something the next day. You see, when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died, it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain. For him to have bitten a family member, he could not have been himself. Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend’s wife had just left him.

We are all beings of our environments, our opinions and feelings. And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can’t be understood by those who are not in the same situation with you.

If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn’t seem to fit the situation, put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so. You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.

1.What is the influence of the incident mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A.It hurt his father’s feeling deeply. B.It has puzzled the author ever since.

C.It left a deep impression on the author. D.It made the author dislike dogs.

2.Why did the author’s friend say harsh words to the author?

A.He was ill-tempered.

B.He was suffering the pain of losing his wife.

C.He was bothered by an unexpected visit.

D.They once quarreled and he couldn’t forgive the author.

3.What conclusion did the author get from the two stories？

A.Misunderstanding should be removed in time.

B.Sometimes one will be hurt without any reason.

C.Many people think more of themselves and less of others.

D.Many factors will affect one's behavior.

4.What’s the author’s advice to us?

A.Help those in need.

B.Look before you leap.

C.Respect for others is a kind of virtue.

D.Learn to put yourself in others’ shoes.

    Amsterdam's Best Flea MarketsIjhallen Flea Market

First or second weekend of every month

Perhaps the most impressive of them all is Ijhallen， located in the north of Amsterdam． With more than 1，500 stands and 3，000 free parking spaces， the monthly market attracts visitors from not only the Netherlands， but Europe-wide．

There is a five euro admission fee， but you can be pretty sure that you can browse second-hand treasures for most of the day． Anything and everything can be found here； old guitars and antique chairs， art prints and military gear．

Noordermarkt Flea Market

Saturday， 9am-4pm

Monday， 9am-2pm

In the centre of the Jordaan， the Noordermarkt Flea Market on Saturdays includes vintage（老式的） goods and organic food produce from local farmers．

On Mondays， the market transforms into an antique-hunter's goldmine． There are piles of vintage clothes， antique books， coins and furniture．

Waterloopein Market

Monday-Saturday， 9am-6pm

The most centrally located of all flea markets in Amsterdam， Waterlooplein Market offers visitors a range of snacks， second-hand clothes and vintage treasures．

There's a maze of second-hand goods， from old globes and hanging lamps， to African drums， antique rugs and used bikes．

Spui Book Market

Friday 10am-6pm

Ideally situated among bookstores， you'll find a collection of tents sheltering second-hand and antique books at the book market on Spui．

You can find a variety of literature from biographies and poetry to fantasy-fiction， history， psychology and geography． While most books are from the Netherlands， some English and international titles are for sale． As well as antique maps， prints and record．

1.Which flea market do you need to pay some extra money？ ______

A.Ijhallen Flea Market． B.Noordermarkt Flea Market．

C.Waterlooplein Market． D.Spui Book Market．

2.What can you pick up at Noordermarkt Flea Market？ ______

A.You can get enough parking space． B.You can choose a range of snacks．

C.You can buy some fresh vegetables． D.You can dig some gold mines here．

3.When is a good time to visit a favorite market for a crazy book fan？ ______

A.First weekend of every month． B.Friday， 10am-6pm．

C.Monday， 9am-6pm． D.Saturday， 9am-4pm．

假如你是李华，请给你的美国笔友Mike写一封信，介绍一下中牟县最近发生的巨大变化。（下图仅供参考）

1、2018年10月8日广惠街跨陇海铁路大桥和广惠街跨贾鲁河大桥建成通车，郑开大道直达万洪路。

2、2018年11月16日机西高速二期（连霍高速至商登高速段）开始通车，中牟环城高速正式形成。

参考词汇：高速公路 expressway 环城高速 circular expressway

注意：1.字数100词左右。

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mike,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在改词下面写出修正后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

It was my 18th birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends. I arrived at my favorite restaurant, waiting for him. We would have the special birthday dinner. I looked for a familiar face but failed. Soon the restaurant was filled customers, none of which were my friends. An hour later, I went back home, lonely and disappointed. To my greatly surprise, I found the door was wide open while I arrived home. Nervous, I walked into the dark room. Suddenly, all the light went on and my friends were turned up, shouting ''surprise''. I had an unforgettable birthday.

    Few other nations are _______ much interested in horse racing as the English. The famous races Ascot are held every year and followed by sports fans all over England. The king or the queen also _______ them and presents the winner _______ a gold cup. To win this gold cup is the dream of every owner of a race horse. All newspapers, great and small, are full of detailed description of the _______, and the name of the _______ winner of the Ascot cup is pronounced by everyone like that of a great hero.

It happened once, however, some seventy years ago, that the gold cup was _______ a few days before the race! The police searched for it all over the country _______ could not find it.

Just at the time, Mark Twain, the humorous American writer, _______ in England. He was _______ by an England Literary Society to be ________ at a dinner given in his honor. After dinner the president of the society ________ to propose a toast to Mark Twain's health and praise in every way the talent of the famous American. Mark Twain in reply started his ________ with the following words:

“Gentlemen, I thank you for the great ________ you have done me, even if I very much doubt ________ all your countrymen join you in your warm welcome. When I arrived at Dover yesterday, and set my ________ in “Merry Old England', the first thing I saw was a newspaper poster and on it, to my great ________ , I read two headings printed ________ big red letters :

MARK TWAIN ARRIVES!

ASCOT CUP STOLEN!

“These two announcements stood so closely together that it ________ seemed, gentlemen, as if some people in this country may be sure that my arrival had ________ to do with the disappearance of the gold cup!” This humorous speech of the famous American author was met with a shout of ________ .

1.A.so B.very C.this D.that

2.A.invites B.praises C.attends D.welcomes

3.A.by B.for C.upon D.with

4.A.race B.horse C.nation D.winner

5.A.good B.lucky C.great D.brave

6.A.left B.sold C.stolen D.bought

7.A.so B.or C.and D.but

8.A.got B.arrived C.reached D.wandered

9.A.invited B.grasped C.visited D.caught

10.A.anxious B.elegant C.present D.outgoing

11.A.sat B.lay C.rose D.seated

12.A.speech B.answer C.question D.lecture

13.A.harm B.honor C.favor D.kindness

14.A.why B.that C.what D.whether

15.A.leg B.foot C.head D.hand

16.A.credit B.sorrow C.delight D.surprise

17.A.in B.at C.on D.from

18.A.mainly B.really C.hardly D.merely

19.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything

20.A.anger B.breath C.interest D.laughter

    How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy! However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want. 1..

Never let others' opinions affect your choices

Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter --- your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. 2..

Don't fear people

3.. The reason most people don't take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.

4.

When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life. When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you. When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.

Focus on appreciation

No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask: What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others?5..

These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity(生产力).

A.Value yourself and your choices

B.Focus on your own talents and strengths

C.Treat every person like they are important

D.You know yourself better than anybody else

E.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do

F.Here are four tips which can help you live an energetic life

G.Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you'll lead a happy life

    Mya Le Thai is a scientist studying at the University of California, Irvine. She recently discovered a process that may result in batteries that last forever. Thai said she had been discouraged that the batteries for her wireless devices degrade. Over time, they fail to charge fully.

Thai did not like to have kept her wireless laptop connected to an electrical outlet. She decided to do something about that problem.

At first, she and her team thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion(锂离子) batteries to last forever. Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a life span of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die.

One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires(纳米线) to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nanowires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries. But Thai said their thinness also makes them weak. “Nanowires break over time,” she said. “That's why they lose capacity(能力).”

But, Thai had a theory: The nanowires might last longer if covered with a material. She and the team tested her theory. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charges 200,000 times. The PMMA coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever, without losing charging ability.

Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this material works so well and to see if any other material could create better results.

“It's kind of cool,” she said, “I'm really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself, but also in technology and energy.”

1.What caused Thai to do research on the batteries?

A.Weak power of the batteries. B.Her habit to use her computer.

C.Inconvenient use of batteries. D.Her preference for batteries.

2.What's the disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A.They have a limited service life. B.They need charging very often.

C.They are not quite dependable. D.They are easy to break down.

3.Why did Thai try covering the nanowires with a certain material?

A.To convey more electricity. B.To make them a thicker cover.

C.To make them much safer to use. D.To protect them from being damaged.

4.What can probably be a suitable title for the text?

A.Batteries Would Work Without Recharging

B.Lithium-ion Batteries Might Come to an End

C.Batteries Lasting Forever Could Be Near Soon

D.Batteries Would Be Replaced By A New Power

    The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it ran after the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.

That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.

Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up—how to catch wild elephants. Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. “Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,” she says.

But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. “My work,” she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.” And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.

The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly—caught elephant. “Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans.” she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!

1.For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to ______.

A.get long lasting excitement B.keep both man and elephants safe

C.send them back to the jungle D.make the angry elephants tame

2.Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, ______.

A.she spent her time hunting with her father

B.she learned how to sing love songs after class

C.she was taught how to hunt tigers in the woods

D.she had already been called an elephant princess

3.Why are Indian elephants beginning to fight back?

A.Because illegal hunters catch them and kill them

B.Because they are caught and sent for heavy work

C.Because they are attacked and their land gets limited

D.Because dogs usually bark at them and interrupt them

4.The elephant story in the beginning shows that in India ______.

A.dogs are often as powerful as elephants

B.people easily fall victims to elephants' attacks

C.elephant tamers are becoming fewer and fewer

D.the man-elephant relationship is getting much worse

    Last Friday, a new couple decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception, they would feed the victims from an earthquake-stricken area. Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks distributing meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception on the border town of Kilis.

The idea came from the bridegroom's father, Ted, who volunteers for a Turkish relief organization. For the past few years, the organization has distributed daily meals to thousands of people who've suffered from natural disasters. He approached a representative of the organization and suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day.

Then he told his son, who was surprised by the suggestion, but soon won over. When he told that to the bride, she was really shocked but finally accepted because in southeastern Turkey there is a real culture of sharing with people in need. They love to share their food, their table and everything they have. And afterwards she was quite amazed about it. So, they arrived at the distribution center on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients (接受者).

That evening, the newly married couple were still pleased with their decision to quit a personal celebration for one with a greater good. “It's like sharing a dinner with your friends and family who have this kind of thing on a daily basis or sharing something with people who don't even have the most basic things,” Michael said. “Hopefully, this will also give the start for other wedding dinners to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need.”

1.How did the couple celebrate their wedding?

A.They treated their guests to a big dinner. B.They paid all for feeding victims of the day.

C.They took photos of the grateful victims. D.They spent the day with the victims in Kilis.

2.Why did so many people crowd in Kilis?

A.To help distribute free daily meals. B.To escape the damaging earthquake.

C.To attend Michael and Linda's wedding. D.To rescue the victims from the earthquake.

3.What does the underlined word “approached” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.consulted with B.moved towards

C.came across D.took in

4.We can learn from the text that ________.

A.Ted was a representative of the organization

B.Linda adapted the suggestion when she heard it

C.Kilis is a place which lies in southeastern Turkey

D.Linda doubted if any new couples would follow him

    A university in southwest China's Chongqing City set up a reading room as part of a campaign that stops students from taking their mobile phones with them in case the device prevents them from concentrating on their studies.

Reportedly a student named Hu Xiaopeng participating in the campaign studied 530 minutes without using his mobile phone. Unlike Hu, another one picked up his mobile phone in less than 20 minutes. “Having seen many students use their mobile phones in the library, a habit that shortens their study time and negatively impacts their learning, we decided to open this reading room,” said Zhang Shuran, the person responsible for the project at the university.

Zhang added that students can keep their phones in appointed bags with numbers on them. The bags are placed on a desk near the door of the reading room. “Staff members at the reading room will check the phones when there's a call,” said Zhang, adding that they will inform students when their parents or teachers call them, but will not tell students if an unknown person is calling or when there is a text message. Based on the time students hand in their phones when they come to the reading room and the time they get them back when they leave the room, Hu Xiaopeng from College of Animal Science and Technology of the university set a record of the longest time. Hu spent 530 minutes studying without using his phone. Though feeling somewhat surprised, Hu said, “It's bad to keep a mobile phone with you when you are reading or studying.”

The campaign has attracted nearly 200 students since it was launched a week ago. Some Internet users praised the campaign. One user named Liu Jingchang said, “It's good. I don't bring my phone when going to the library in case I get distracted(分心).”

1.What is the purpose of opening the reading room here?

A.To encourage students to read more books.

B.To help students concentrate on their studies.

C.To prevent the mobile phones from being stolen.

D.To stop students using mobile phones in the library.

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A.The bags are on the desk near the students.

B.Hu Xiaopeng thinks the campaign is a bad idea.

C.The student will be informed if a stranger calls him.

D.The longest time that the phone is not used is recorded.

3.What is the attitude of the students toward the reading room?

A.Supportive. B.Cautious.

C.Doubtful. D.Anxious.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

CLEAN UP YOUR BUTTS AND BAGS

All sorts of items become litter, but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment, but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.

Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4.5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. Because there are so many butts and because they can take up to 5 years to break down, the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount. So, if people have to smoke, they should not throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead.

Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources, if they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. When the animal dies and breaks down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them.

Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. The earth would be a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假设你是李华，你喜爱的英语学习报 Colorful English 创刊五周年之际征集读者意见，请你根据以下内容给主编写封信,主要包括：

1. 说明你是该报的忠实读者

2. 说明该报优点：1）刊登国际新闻    2）提供音频二维码

3. 提出建议：增加外国文学欣赏

注意： 1. 词数80左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 参考词汇： 周年 anniversary      二维码 QR code

Dear Editor-in-Chief,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours

LiHua

    I used to live in the country. My neighbor Carl was a knowledgeable, self-taught man and just _______ him was a blessing. Each day, I'd spend some time on his porch (门廊), just _______ life with him. I often _______ a lot through talking with him. One day, I found that his brother Tom had the same wisdom, too.

That day, while I was showing the _______ towards someone I knew, Carl's brother Tom drove up. Tom was an old country boy. He sat chewing, _______ and listening and then declared his truth slowly. _______ I paused from my bad-mouthing for a moment, Tom said, "Have you ever _______ when you got your finger pointing out at someone, there are three fingers on the very same _______ just pointing back at yourself?" I _______ and told Tom that he had just saved me thousands of dollars. He gave me such wisdom right there and I didn't even have to go off to India and ________ with some foreign master! I also joked that going to India would be ________ because I was poor.

It was still amazing to me how that one little moment, that ________ statement changed my life. I immediately started ________ what I was saying about others. Yes, it was true whatever I said, I was ________ talking about myself! Holding my tongue while I waited for the kinder, gentler, ________ feelings to surface in my mind burnt off something ________ and self-doubt I stored inside for years. On that day, I began to really look at myself and be truthful about how I created my life, and my relationships where I looked for payoffs, rewards and________.

Ten minutes later, I wrote this ________ and a friend of mine sent me a(n) ________ appropriate poem. It was appropriate in an unexpected way.

Here is the poem:

Watch your thoughts; they become words.

Watch your words; they become actions.

Watch your actions; they become ________.

Watch them; they become characters.

Watch your character; it becomes your destiny.

1.A.raising B.knowing C.coaching D.assisting

2.A.taking over B.referring to C.turning to D.talking about

3.A.required B.expressed C.learned D.showed

4.A.interest B.annoyance C.affection D.appreciation

5.A.interpreting B.regretting C.shouting D.thinking

6.A.Though B.Therefore C.When D.Unless

7.A.imagined B.noticed C.informed D.explained

8.A.hand B.face C.foot D.head

9.A.feared B.screamed C.escaped D.laughed

10.A.live B.perform C.tour D.study

11.A.horrible B.simple C.costly D.exhausting

12.A.ancient B.wise C.familiar D.original

13.A.paying attention to B.looking down upon C.making use of D.looking forward to

14.A.gradually B.hardly C.actually D.never

15.A.boring B.angry C.meaningless D.harmless

16.A.confident B.painful C.enthusiastic D.meaningful

17.A.attention B.action C.shock D.sorrow

18.A.notion B.document C.report D.story

19.A.roughly B.probably C.amazingly D.slightly

20.A.dreams B.habits C.thoughts D.words

How to improve your studies—scientifically

Our brain can possibly memorize 2. 5 petabytes（千兆）of information. In order to use some of that surprising capacity（能力）a little more effectively when you learn, here are some tips that are based on widely-accepted research by learning experts.

1.

Some enjoy watching videos over reading books, others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different.

Hard things first

2.  , so do the things that are difficult first. Once you are done with the hard things, you will feel better for the rest of the day, and probably more motivated to get other things done.

Space（分隔开）your studies

3. . Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month.

Instant self-test

After your study, finish up with a quick quiz. Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%. 4., that extra effort creates deeper traces（痕迹）in your memory.

Don’t force it

Motivation is like hunger. You cannot force yourself to be motivated, just like you can’t tell someone else to be hungry. So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry. 5..

A.Take fun seriously

B.Find your own style

C.Take a break, and do something else

D.Good memory can grow your brain’s potential

E.Because it’s much harder for your brain to remember than to read

F.Like most people you have the strongest willpower in the morning.

G.to remember things for a longer time, repeat the material after taking several breaks

    Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.

Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?

Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.

Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.

Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.

But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”.

However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.

For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.

1.What can we learn about viruses from the text?

A.Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.

B.Viruses are really small living organisms.

C.Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell.

D.Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.

2.Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?

A.They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.

B.They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.

C.They evolved from the T-cells in animals.

D.They evolved along with their host cells.

3.The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A.reasonable B.common

C.creative D.unbelievable

4.What can we conclude from the text?

A.Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’.

B.Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.

C.It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.

D.The author is optimistic about future virus research.

    At a young age, Patti Wilson was told by her doctor that she was an epileptic (癫痫病患者). Her father, Jim Wilson, is a morning jogger. She ran with her father every day. After a few weeks, she told her father, “Daddy, what I’d really love to do is to break the world’s long-distance running record for women.” Her father checked the Guinness World Records and found that the farthest any woman had run was 80 miles.

As a freshman in high school, Patti announced, “I’m going to run from Orange County up to San Francisco.”(A distance of 400 miles.) “As a sophomore (二年级学生),” she went on, “I’m going to run to Portland, Oregon.”(Over 1,500-miles.) “As a junior, I’ll run to St. Louis.”(About 2,000 miles.) “As a senior, I’ll run to the White House.”(More than 3,000 miles away.)

In view of her handicap (缺陷), Patti was as ambitious as she was enthusiastic, but she said she looked at the handicap of being an epileptic as simply “an inconvenience”. She focused not on what she had lost, but on what she had left.

That year she completed her run to San Francisco wearing a T-shirt that read, “I Love Epileptics.” In her sophomore year, Patti’s classmates got behind her. They built a large poster that read — “Run, Patti, Run!”

On her second marathon (马拉松), a doctor told her she had to stop. “Doctor, you don’t understand,” she said. “I’m doing it to break the chains on the brains that limit so many others.”

She finished the run to Portland, completing her last mile with the governor of Oregon. After four months of almost continuous running from the West Coast to the East Coast, Patti arrived in Washington and shook the hand of the then President of the United States. She told him, “I wanted people to know that epileptics are normal human beings with normal lives.”

Because of Patti’s efforts, enough money had been raised to open up 19 multi-million-dollar epileptic centers around the country. If Patti Wilson can do so much with so little, what can you do to outperform (超越) yourself in a state of total wellness?

1.How did Patti look at her illness?

A.She thought of it as a gift.

B.She devoted all her attention to it.

C.She faced it with discouragement.

D.She considered it a small difficulty.

2.What did Patti do when a doctor asked her to stop her run?

A.She continued without quitting.

B.She focused on her treatment.

C.She followed his advice.

D.She asked for her classmates’ assistance.

3.Why did the author ask the question in the last paragraph?

A.To ask readers to answer it.

B.To get inactive people to run.

C.To encourage deep thinking.

D.To show his view on success.

    Every new parent knows that rocking can calm that uneasy baby when it’s time to take a nap. But the benefits of gentle movement may go beyond the baby stage. Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good night’s sleep.

What should be no surprise is that movement can calm someone. Think of how many times you’ve fallen asleep on a train. But can motion really cause a nap, and make for a deeper sleep?

To find out, researchers invited 18 healthy volunteers for a sleepover. “So they came to the lab and slept one time on the motionless, normal bed. And one night where they got rocked.” said Aurore Perrault, a sleep researcher at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. “And what we find is that when compared to a motionless night, a whole night of rocking sleep has a beneficial effect not only on sleep beginning but also on sleep continuity. “Subjects who were rocked also did better on a memory test the next morning than the stiller sleepers.

In the second study, Kompotis, a student at the University of Lausanne, rocked a group of mice. “Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. So the main questions for our study were whether rocking affects sleep in mice and what is the possible system? ”

Kompotis placed the mouse cages on a platform that moved from side to side. Though mice were rocked four times faster than their human counterparts—a frequency of one back-and-forth per second, or 1 Hertz, worked best—the results were strikingly similar. “During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition.” However, additional studies could allow the researchers to identify a new aim for treating sleep disorders, including insomnia (失眠).

If you want a good night’s sleep, you might think about adding a little swing to your night-time routine.

1.What’s the purpose of the second study in the passage?

A.To do research on the sleep system of other species.

B.To see whether rocking affects sleep of other species.

C.To discuss in which case rocking affects baby’s sleep.

D.To study the influence of rocking on sleep disorders.

2.What do we know about the mice in Paragraph 5?

A.Their sleeping time went up when rocked at 1 Hertz.

B.Their sleep disorder including insomnia was treated.

C.When rocked, they fell asleep four times faster than at still condition.

D.When rocked, they slept faster than their human counterparts.

3.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Rocking Helps Grown-ups Sleep Too.

B.Deep Sleep Needs the Constant Swing.

C.Rocking Greatly Affects Deep Sleep.

D.Rocking Can Treat Sleep Disorders.

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike所在的华盛顿中学将在7月举行中国文化日活动，他给你来信寻求活动的相关建议，请给他回信，内容包括：

1.活动的内容和形式；

2.说明推荐理由。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

参考词汇：paper-cutting剪纸 calligraphy书法

Dear Mike,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处， 多者 （从第11处起） 不计分。

In the past three years, many activities had been organized by our school. What impressed me mostly was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we went to a farm, where we learned knowledge and had many fun. Having been in the city for such a long time, we were more than happy to go to a countryside. After we arrived, we divided into three groups. Some students learned how to raise pigs, some worked in the garden, and the other helped the farmers with the work in the fishpond. It was not until it was totally dark when we stopped working. Though we were tired out but we felt pleased on our way back home.

    Michael Evans was standing in line, waiting to pay his taxes. Suddenly, he heard a/an_________sound ahead of him. The elderly woman at the window was crying. Then Evans learned why: he heard the cashier (出纳员) _________ her that her house was headed for auction (拍卖). He also heard the woman tell the cashier that her daughter had recently died.

Evans, who had just _________his father, knew too well the pain of losing a loved one. He _________the window, saying to the cashier, “If you can get her house back, I’ll pay for her taxes. The amount due: $20,000.”

The elderly woman was _________. Her despair turned to disbelief. The cashier left to _________ the amount and Evans _________to go straight to the bank for the money. And he did.

But when he___________, he asked someone else to hand the money to the cashier. Evans was trying to slip away _______. “I didn’t want this attention,” he explains.

Of course, ____________found him — it’s not every day that someone pays a stranger’s large tax bill. That said, Evans often finds himself on the giving end of such situation, ______________ for years he went unrecognized for it.

Evans received a/an ____________for his lifetime of ____________ a few weeks after the tax incident.____________he didn’t want the attention, but his son thought differently, “So good to see my dad finally get the recognition he____________.”

Michael Evans Sr. will retire soon and he hopes he’ll continue to ____________his local youth football league team — he pays for their equipment and uniforms. His son will ____________the business, with his dad’s love for charity. “I feel __________of my father. When a man heard a stranger was about to lose her house. He opened his heart — and his__________.”

“I ____________my life after him and I want my children to look at me the way I look at my dad.”

1.A.amazing B.disappointing C.encouraging D.disturbing

2.A.convince B.inform C.teach D.write

3.A.buried B.called C.found D.imagined

4.A.approached B.broke C.cleaned D.opened

5.A.discouraged B.interested C.surprised D.worried

6.A.confirm B.double C.limit D.reduce

7.A.tended B.regretted C.promised D.refused

8.A.hesitated B.returned C.left D.spoke

9.A.bravely B.lonely C.proudly D.quietly

10.A.attention B.chance C.money D.progress

11.A.as B.if C.though D.until

12.A.award B.present C.letter D.call

13.A.ability B.curiosity C.dignity D.generosity

14.A.Thus B.Again C.Besides D.Instead

15.A.wants B.deserves C.forgets D.ignores

16.A.educate B.train C.sponsor D.unite

17.A.come up with B.get away with C.put up with D.carry on with

18.A.ashamed B.afraid C.proud D.tired

19.A.mouth B.wallet C.account D.door

20.A.name B.seek C.spend D.model

Effective Communication With Parents

This book explains how school leaders can become successful communicators with teachers and parents。

The effective approaches to communicating with parents in the book are: Listen, Apologize, Solve, and Thank. 1. It can be a challenge to listen quietly when being attacked or when wrong information is being shared, but listening quietly without interruption is the most important.

2. Many people struggle with making apologies- especially when they feel they've done nothing wrong. But remember, we are not necessarily apologizing for our actions, but rather because of how the parent feels or what happened. For example, "I'm sorry this happened" or "I'm sorry you feel that way.”

Listening and apologizing are the two hardest steps to a successful meeting with a dissatisfied parent. 3.However, they set the tone for the final two steps of offering a solution and thanking the parent for their time.

4.More importantly, LAST helps to avoid the disadvantages of becoming defensive, and damaging your partnership with the parent.

Parent-teacher conferences can be difficult when there are agendas on either side that are not known. 5. They should try to focus on where the student is academically, and what the child and parents can do to help the situation.

A.These steps can feel unpleasant.

B.Choose your words carefully and thoughtfully.

C.After listening, I encourage teachers to apologize.

D.When communicating with a parent, it is important to listen quietly.

E.Give parents an opportunity to say what they want the teacher to know.

F.One thing teachers should know is to make sure the conference is student-centered.

G.When you follow these four steps, any parent-teacher conference can be successful.

    Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.

The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”

Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.

To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”

However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.

The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”

1.What is the new way to kill viruses?

A.Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.

B.Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.

C.Locating the position of certain viruses.

D.Damaging the conditions that viruses like.

2.Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?

A.To prove how simple the new theory is.

B.To explain how to start the virus shaking.

C.To suggest the idea comes from our real life.

D.To show the destructive power of vibrations.

3.What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A.The shell structure of viruses.

B.The lack of computer memory.

C.The challenging part of the research.

D.The importance of atoms’ movement.

4.What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?

A.Disapproving. B.Worried.

C.Uncaring. D.Positive.

    When you're a teen you start being more aware of what other people think. There seems to be a “right” thing to wear, or say, or do. There also seem to be things that you shouldn’t do-things that could be embarrassing, or lose your points with friends. This can lead to social anxiety.

Some kids feel so anxious that they develop something called social anxiety disorder (障碍), which is diagnosed (诊断) when you worry so much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself.

Kids with social anxiety disorder aren't just nervous when they’re at parties or giving a speech in class. Even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or eating with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder. That's because they fear they might accidentally do something embarrassing or offensive, and it will make others judge or even reject them.

And while kids who are just shy will gradually warm up to new people and situations over time, kids with social anxiety don't. Shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it won't deeply influence your ability to do your job as a teenager, which is to function in school, function in your family, and to have friends and be a part of your peer-related community. But social anxiety will.

Many teens experience anxiety disorders. Being brave and telling someone how you feel might seem scary, but if you can get over that obstacle, someone will want to listen. Asking for help can be hard, but it really is important.

1.What is the main cause of social anxiety?

A.Lack of friendship. B.One's appearance.

C.School performance. D.Other’s judgment.

2.Who is most likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety?

A.Alice, who skips school to avoid answering questions in class.

B.David, who always thinks he can't do as well as his classmates.

C.Chris, who feels nervous every time he gives a speech in public.

D.Jenny, who has been in low spirits since she failed the last exam.

3.Social anxiety disorder differs from shyness in that         .

A.it influences people around you

B.it only makes your grades suffer

C.it greatly affects your normal life

D.it is related to your study or work

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.What Is Social Anxiety Disorder

B.How Social Fear Ruins Relationships

C.Why Teens Suffer from Social Anxiety?

D.When Anxiety Disorders Go Unnoticed

    An American brother and sister have survived a 14-hour swim to safety in the Caribbean after the fishing boat they had rented sank off the north coast of St Lucia.

Dan Susk, 30-year-old IT professional from San Francisco, said he had been fishing in rough seas with help from his sister, Kate Suski, a 39-year-old architect, when the ship began to sink on 21April. Water flooded the engine room. The captain threw life jackets to the Suski and said, “Jump out! Jump out!” The Suski obeyed and jumped into the water with the captain and the first mate (大副). Less than five minutes later the boat sank. They were at least eight mile was telling us to stay together, and that help was on its way and that we needed to wait, Kate Suski said. After an hour, when no help came, the Suski decided to swim for it and lost sight of the captain and the first mate.

A helicopter appeared in the distance but no one spotted them. Several hours went by, and the sun began to set. “There’s this very real understanding that the situation is dire,” Kate Suski said both considered the possible ways we might die. Would we drown? Be eaten by a shark? Would our legs give out and make it impossible to swim?

They swam for 12 to 14 hours, talking as they pushed and trembled their way through the ocean. When in the moonlight they finally came within about 10 meters of land they realized that they were looking at steep rocky cliffs and would be beaten to death against them if they tried to approach any closer. They swam until they noticed sand nearby around midnight and dragged themselves ashore. Later, the Suski were treated in hospital. They learned that the captain and the first mate were rescued after spending nearly 23 hours in the water.

1.How many people were there on the fishing boat before it sank?

A.5. B.4.

C.3. D.2

2.What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Awkward B.Serious

C.Perfect. D.Different

3.What do we know about the Suskis?

A.They were rescued by a helicopter.

B.They survived 23 hours in the water.

C.They swam over eight miles to the shore

D.They got back on land as soon as they saw it.

4.Which of the following can best describe the Suskis?

A.Brave and calm. B.Strong and sensitive

C.Optimistic and generous. D.Faithful and curious

London’s Must-See Exhibitions

This year is zipping along at quite a speed, and London's already witnessed some great exhibitions. But big treats are still to come.

Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and Starry Night at Tate Britain

A major exhibition at Tate Britain, which examines how Van Gogh was inspired by British art, and how he in turn inspired British artists. His famous painting Sunflowers fills the gallery with joy, while a work of a red-haired man with piercing (锐利的) blue eyes stares out at visitors.

The EY Exhibition: Van Gogh and Britain at Tate Britain. Until 11 August, £22.

Glass Master at Kew Gardens

Dale Chihuly creates sculptures out of glass that we would normally think impossible. His bright colorful forms twist and expand as if they are living creatures. With 32 of his sculptures around Kew Gardens, we're looking forward to Kew becoming even more beautiful than it already is.

Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature at Kew Gardens. 13 April-27 October, £13.75.

More of Moore at Museum of London

Henry Moore is best-known for his abstract figure sculptures, with a fantastic collection at the British Museum. What many won't know about is his obsession (痴迷) with armour (盔甲), and the sculptures he created inspired by Renaissance armour. Actually, they're going on display at Museum of London, next to the armour that inspired them.

Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads at Museum of London. Until 23 October, £11.

Shining a Light on Rembrandt at Dulwich Picture Gallery

Dulwich Picture Gallery commemorates 350 years since the death of Rembrandt with an exhibition on the man who mastered the use of light and dark in his paintings. The last Rembrandt exhibition in London was superb — more of the same, please.

Rembrandt's Light at Dulwich Picture Gallery. 2 October-2 December, £15.

1.At which place can you enjoy Van Gogh’s paintings?

A.Tate Britain. B.Kew Gardens.

C.Museum of London. D.Dulwich Picture Gallery.

2.What is the feature of Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads?

A.Henry Moore’s best-known sculptures.

B.A fantastic collection of abstract paintings.

C.Sculptures inspired by Renaissance armour.

D.Paintings of impressive armour in past times

3.Which of the exhibitions is available in November?

A.The EY Exhibition Van Gogh and Britain.

B.Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature.

C.Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads.

D.Rembrandt’s Light.

假定你是李华，新落成的外文书店为增加访客量，现向市民征求建议，请给书店经理Mr Davis写一封建议信，内容包括：

1.拥有宽敞的空间以提供良好的阅读体验

2.提供咨询，讲座等服务

3.其他建议（至少一条）

要求：1.词数100左右

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

Dear Mr Davis,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday afternoon, I stayed home. When night fell, my parents wasn't back home yet. I stopped doing my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait. With no experience of cooking, I went online to find informations for how to cook home-style dishes. With the step-by-step directions, I managed to made one dish. Feeling confident, so I made two more. When parents got home, they were amazed to see the taste dishes I had made. Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug. We real enjoyed the meal that evening.

    When I was a child my father taught me five words that I’ve used all my life—in my acting career, as a mother, in my business activities. If I _________ that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting new people, Dad would say, ''Stand porter to your _________.''

A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door _________ people in or out. Dad would get me to _________ myself stopping destructive things—such as fear—at the door, _________ saying ''Come in'' to faith, love and self-assurance.

As an actress, before I went on camera, I'd make sure anxiety _________ and confidence in my ability came in. As a mother, when I was _________ about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would _________ my mind with trust in them.

Of course, there were always times I'd _________ those words.

In 1972 my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own __________ in North Hollywood. This was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more __________ and complicated than we had __________,

We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going __________. Electricity went on the blink, food wasn't delivered, employees called in sick. Once, a flu epidemic __________left us with no maids. Fillmore gave me a __________：scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to __________ the whole state of California.

Then there was the __________ crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California __________. How could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I caught them just __________. I stood porter.

I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.

These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to __________, I just smile and point to the sign that reads No Vacancy.

1.A.recalled B.decided C.complain D.announced

2.A.family B.studio C.future D.mind

3.A.inviting B.observing C.letting D.urging

4.A.send B.picture C.busy D.involve

5.A.but B.or C.so D.for

6.A.cut in B.broke down C.showed up D.stayed out

7.A.anxious B.cautious C.serious D.curious

8.A.read B.ease C.fill D.change

9.A.exchange B.forget C.eat D.twist

10.A.laundry B.restaurant C.clinic D.hotel

11.A.convincing B.boring C.promising D.demanding

12.A.deduced B.suggested C.figured D.confirmed

13.A.wrong B.pale C.sour D.missing

14.A.specially B.suddenly C.hardly D.regularly

15.A.choice B.solution C.warning D.command

16.A.decorate B.blanket C.serve D.touch

17.A.identity B.family C.credit D.energy

18.A.dropped B.boomed C.ceased D.recovered

19.A.at random B.by chance C.in time D.on purpose

20.A.withdraw B.register C.split D.shelter

    Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. 1. It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.

Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 2.

Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.

3. Ten  minutes of planning can save  you an hour of time and helps stretch the    time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.

You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.

4. When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than  deal with one at a time throughout the day.

At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial    statement”.

5.Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.

A.Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.

B.Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.

C.Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.

D.The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.

E.Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.

F.Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.

G.Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.

    Fever has usually been regarded as a threat to health. However, no one has actually proved that fever is dangerous. This fact attracted the attention of Matthew J. Kluger. Imagining that fever might not be as harmful as it had been supposed, Kluger set up a series of experiments with lizards (蜥蜴).

What Kluger and his team did in their first experiment was simple. They put some lizards in a sand-box, one end of which was heated to 44°C, while the other was at a room temperature. It was found that the lizards moved from one part of the box to the other in order to keep a constant temperature of about 38°C. Having shown that normal lizards regulate (调节) their own temperature, Kluger, in a second experiment, then set out to show that lizards, like most other animals, develop fever when infected (感染). This was done by making lizards infected with bacteria (细菌) that were known to cause disease. As the team expected, the infected lizards remained longer in the heated part of the box, until they had raised their body temperatures to two or three degrees above normal. In other words, the sick lizards gave themselves fever.

In a third experiment, the team observed the effect of temperature on the survival of the lizards. One group of infected lizards was given a fever-suppressing (退烧) drug. The other group was given no drug and ran a fever, that is to say, they kept a higher temperature for four or five days before seeking a cooler environment. The results were impressive. Of those which raised their body temperature, all but one remained alive. Of those given the fever-suppressing drug, more than half died. Similar results have since been produced in other animals. For example, infected fish swim to warmer water, and will die if not allowed to do so.

An important conclusion can be drawn from these experiments. As Kluger points out, lizards have been on earth for hundreds of millions of years. It is reasonable to suppose that a response that is so old has been kept by nature for some purpose. It would appear, therefore, that fever does not make disease worse. Rather it is part of the mechanism (机能) by which infection is controlled.

1.In his experiments, Kluger was hoping to prove that fever ______.

A.is not harmful to lizards

B.is necessary for both humans and animals

C.is not necessarily bad

D.has the same effect on humans and animals

2.In the third experiment, the lizards given a fever-suppressing drug died because ______.

A.they had no more fever that they needed

B.they were normal ones and had no fever

C.the drug had no effect on sick lizards

D.the drug made their body temperature too low

3.How would you understand the underlined words “ a response ” in the last paragraph?

A.Recovery from disease

B.Natural defense in the body against disease.

C.Cause of disease.

D.Relationship between living things and nature.

4.Which of the following is the best summary of this article?

A.Lizards are most suitable for experiments on fever.

B.Fever may play an important part in curing disease.

C.Fever helps lizards to get rid of infection.

D.Lizards and humans are not as different as people supposed.