When 1 was a boy we used to live across the road from a big hill with huge oak trees growing out of it．When winter arrived，thick，heavy snow would fall，and my two brothers would grab their sleds heading over to the hill for a day of fun．I remember watching them with envy because 1 was still too small to go sledding．Finally，one winter 1 was considered big enough and joined my brothers as they carried their sleds up the long hill and prepared to ride down it．

The first few trips I rode with one of my brothers and had the time of my life．It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled．Near the end of the day 1 was overjoyed too when my oldest brother decided to let me try riding the sled all by myself．I climbed on it full of excitement and lay on my stomach．Then with one big push my brother sent me down the snowy hillside．1 was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course，straight towards one of those big oak trees．My heart pounded in my chest and I could hear myself screaming．At the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the tree．I could hear my brothers running down the hill yelling，“You have to steer(操控)!You have to steer!”

Sadly，that wasn’t the last time I failed to steer when some obstacle knocked me off course in my life．Many times problems，troubles，and my own failures have sent me crashing into the trees of anger, frustration, and despair．I am still learning that life isn’t always safe sledding．I am still learning that it is up to me to steer myself back to love, back to kindness, back to goodness, and back to God．

Life is a trip，but no one ever said it was a smooth ride．Steer well then．Steer straight．Steer your soul towards the light and the love we are all meant for．

1.What do we know about the author when he was very young?

A.He lived on a big hill with huge oak trees on it．

B.He was frightened to go sledding with his brothers．

C.He longed to go sledding with his brothers．

D.He carried his brothers’sleds as they went sledding．

2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“exhilarating”in Paragraph 2?

A.delightful B.Terrifying

C.ordinary D.violent

3.Why did the author fall off his sled?

A.Because his sled crashed in an oak tree．

B.Because he lost control of his sled．

C.Because his brother pushed it so hard．

D.Because the hillside was snowy．

4.What does the author mean to tell us?

A.Losing control of a sled can be dangerous．

B.Courage and determination can change one’s life．

C.Life can be controlled by one himself

D.Life is a mystery full of coincidences．

    Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.

Asher, a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neuroscience, and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft, deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks, the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.

“To do this, we trained each pig. In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — pigs love them — and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans, which pigs find bitter­tasting,” a researcher said.

Over a number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.

The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside, showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.

The findings suggest that a one­size­fits­all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people, there is still cause for concern. Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.

1.What was the study trying to figure out?

A.How to make pigs happier.

B.The similarities between humans and pigs.

C.How living environment affected pigs' mood.

D.How pigs' mood and personality affected their judgment.

2.What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Simple. B.More comfortable.

C.Unpractical. D.Less free.

3.What do the findings of the new research imply?

A.People should treat pigs equally.

B.People's health relies on meat quality.

C.People should meet pigs' various needs.

D.People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.

    The old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world. The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together, like Christmas in the West. But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice.

Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival. People thought the sputtering (爆裂) sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, the activity has been completely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security, noise and pollution factors into consideration.

“In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited hours at the Spring Festival, surrendering to (屈从于) public demand. Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion,” said Zhou Xing, a folklore researcher.

“As people gain more income and it becomes easier to buy daily goods, the New Year holiday is just like any other. After long workdays, many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest, rather than visiting friends and neighbors. The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most important thing. However, many families would like to eat out to save time and energy,” said Li Shunzhi, a resident of Harbin, Heilongjiang.

“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside. My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday, cleaning the house, buying holiday goods and decorating the house with paper­cuttings. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stays up to see the New Year in, and in the days to follow, a series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held. Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us,” said Zhang Hui, from Hebei.

1.What Li Shunzhi said implies ________.

A.what people do during the festival now is different from the past

B.people would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve

C.people prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a rest

D.the New Year holiday is just like any other day

2.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.Zhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival.

B.Zhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family.

C.Zhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival.

D.Zhang Hui lives in the urban area.

3.What does the whole passage show?

A.The Spring Festival is as lively as before.

B.The Spring Festival is outdated now.

C.The Spring Festival is losing its qualities.

D.The Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West.

句子翻译

1.很多人被活埋了，城市也被掩埋。（so）

2.世界人口比1800年增长了六倍。（what）

3.虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太难不实用。（be of+名词）

4.谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，不要做广告的奴隶！（come to）

5.Hannah一定是在承诺不告诉他人之后将我的成绩告诉了我的同学们。（must）

用情态动词或时态填空

1.I didn’t arrive on time, otherwise I _______ missed the first bus.

2.—Did you say that there were only ten tickets? There ________be twelve.

—I said it was twelve.

3.If I _______ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

4.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person ____________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”

5.No one thought that he could fly over the Antarctic, but Byrd________ do it by making his plane light.

6.The ground is wet. It_________ have rained last night.

7.Tom ought not to _________（tell）me your secret, but he meant no harm.

8.He might _________（give）you more help,even though he was very busy.

9.The old man ________ have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.

10.He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, ________ he?

请认真阅读下列各个小题，并根据所给首字母或中文提示，写出下列各句空格中的单词，注意保持语义和形式的—致。请把正确答案填写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。

1.This TV series is ________ (针对) specially at teenagers aged 13 to 18.

2.The manager got promoted as he completed the project well within ________ (预算).

3.Large audiences were ________ (吸引) to the film “The Wandering Earth”, which turned out to be a box-office hit.

4.It was a close game in which the Kangaroos ________ (打平) with the Eagles in the first half final.

5.What time would it be ________ (方便的) for me to come over to pick you up for the meeting?

6.Do some exercises as a preparation before you swim. O________ you might hurt yourself.

7.The sound of gunfire p________ the crowd, who fed in all directions with fear.

8.Parents should set good examples for children, as children always learn by o________ adults.

9.The judge concluded from the evidence that Jack was i ________ of the murder and should be set free.

10.Hackers gained complete a________ to Tom’s mobile phones, stealing all the money on WeChat.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

This was Buck in the fall of 1897,when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought men from everywhere to the frozen north.But Buck did not read the newspapers,and he did not know that Manuel,one of the gardener's helpers,was 1.a good man.Manuel gambled(赌博）and wasted the little money he had.And one time when the Judge was 2.business,and his sons were busy with a sports club,Manuel did 3.terrible.No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was a walk.No one saw them arrive at the railway station, 4.Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

Manuel put a rope around Buck's neck,under the collar.Buck accepted this 5.he knew Manuel,but when the rope was placed in the 6.(strange)hands,he barked dangerously. And when the rope 7.(fix)around his neck,he started to choke and jumped at the man in anger.The man fought him off and forced Buck 8.(lie)on his back,and fixed the rope even more.Buck had not been treated so 9.(bad)in his life,and never had been so angry.Then his strength gave out and he soon became senseless.He was 10.senseless when the train arrived and the two men threw him into the baggage car.

    The factors that cause youth unemployment often differ among regions and labor systems. 1. Since firing full-time workers is so complicated and expensive, employers are unwilling to take on new staff, while people who are already employed, mainly older workers, often keep their jobs for life. In developing countries with high birthrates and very young populations, like the Philippines, growth isn’t strong enough to absorb the wave of youngsters entering the workforce each year. 2. Young people entering the workforce are often the most vulnerable（易受伤害的）in economic downturns — new employees are often the first to get sacked, while college graduates find few employers willing to hire.

3. In Spain, Italy and Japan, for instance, companies looking to gain flexibility in regulated labor markets often offer new, young staffers only short-term contracts. These contracts, which sometimes last for only a few days, usually come with low salaries and few benefits. Since such staff is temporary, employers have little intention to invest in training.

Facing such obstacles, young people everywhere are finding that traditional route to success — education — isn’t paying off as much as in the past. 4. They will often be offered low-skilled jobs from waiters to supermarket clerks. A March report form the UK’s Office for National Statistics showed that the share of recent college graduates in Britain working in lower-skilled jobs rose to nearly 35% in 2011 form less than 27% a decade earlier. 5. Typical is Cairo’s Ahmed Said. He graduated from college with a business degree, and after performing the obligatory（义务的）year of military service, he applied for jobs in accounting and data entry. But Said, 24, had no luck, and today he works as a waiter at a cafe near Tahrir Square. “This was my last choice,” he says, “and this is the job that I got.”

A.Young graduates often find themselves competing with more-experienced workers.

B.More and more college graduates are forced to take jobs below their skill level.

C.They started applying for any positions they could find in other countries.

D.In some parts of the world, such jobs are all that is available to college graduates.

E.Yet youth unemployment also has common roots throughout the world.

F.Those young workers who do find employment are often trapped in awful contracts.

G.In much of Western Europe overemphasized labor protection makes it more difficult for youths to land good jobs.

    Light and bright, cheap and cheerful: IKEA’s 400-plus outlets (专营店) in 49 countries all run on the same central principle. Customers do as much of the work as possible, in the belief they are having fun and saving money. You drive to a distant warehouse built on cheap out-of-town land. Inside, you enter a maze (迷宫) — no shortcuts allowed — where every twist reveals new furniture.

Compared with the prices of other outlets, IKEA’s are much lower. You load up your trolley (手推车) with impulse buys-a clock, storage boxes, tools and more chairs than you will ever use. You drag cardboard boxes, cupboards and tables into your car and reward yourself for your economy and good taste. Then you drive home and put your prizes together. You are satisfied with the bargains. IKEA is satisfied with your money.

The company’s name was a do-it-yourself job, too. IKEA stands for Ingvar Kamprad, from Elmtaryd ― his family’s farm — in Agunnaryd. That village is in the Smaland region of southern Sweden. Mr Kamprad founded IKEA aged 17. Well before that, he spotted a principle which would make him one of the richest men in the world that customers like buying goods at wholesale prices (批发价). First he bought matches in large quantities and sold them by the box. Aged ten, he sold pens in the similar way.

Setbacks inspired him. Facing a price war against his low-cost mail-order furniture business, he defeated competitors by opening a showroom. Dealers tried to crush Mr Kamprad and banned him from their trade fairs. He slipped in, hiding in a friend’s car. When they tried to threaten his suppliers, he relied on his own workers, and secretly sold his production to communist Poland. Decades later, east Europeans freed from the planned economy drove hundreds of miles to newly opened outlets in Moscow and Warsaw.

His self-discipline was world-famous. As a child, he removed the “off” button from his alarm clock to stop himself oversleeping. He rarely took a first-class seat. The wine didn’t get you there any earlier, he sniffed; having lots of money was no reason to waste it. He bought his clothes in second-hand markets, and for years drove an elderly Volvo until he had to sell it on safety grounds. He had his hair cut in poor countries to save money. Visitors admired the views, but were surprised that his house was so shabby. He worked well into his eighties.

His diligence and simple way of life set a good example to his 194,000 “co-workers”. But he was not mean. The point of cutting costs was to make goods affordable, not to compromise quality. He urged his staff to reflect constantly on ways of saving money, time and space. An improved design that allows easier piling means shipping less air and more profit.

Culture was more important than strategy. He disliked “exaggerated (夸张的) planning”, along with financial markets and banks. Better to make mistakes and learn from them. And use time wisely: “You can do so much in ten minutes. But ten minutes once gone are gone for good.” This did not apply to customers. The longer they stayed, the better.

Mr Kamprad’s impact on modern life can be compared with that of Henry Ford and the mass-produced motor car. Furniture used to be expensive, dark and heavy. For many people, decorating a home could cost many months’ salary. IKEA made furniture not just affordable and functional, but fun. The mission was civilizational, he felt, changing how people lived and thought.

His approach drew some fire. The company values struck some as unpleasant. At IKEA’s Corporate Culture Centre, lots of pictures of Mr Kamprad with his mottos can be seen everywhere. What’s worse, some parts of the supply chain seemed to have serious problems to overcome.

1.What can we learn about IKEA in Paragraph 1?

A.IKEA prefers rural areas for its location.

B.IKEA has 400 outlets throughout the world.

C.IKEA likes to store new furniture in a maze.

D.IKEA provides a lot of work for its customers.

2.The underlined two sentences in Paragraph 2 imply that ________.

A.IKEA tricks you into spending more money

B.you may buy bargains with impulse in IKEA

C.both you and IKEA are pleased with the deal

D.both you and IKEA are happy with the bargain

3.By mentioning Mr. Kamprad’s experiences before he founded IKEA, the author intends to tell us that Mr Kamprad ________.

A.was likely to become a successful businessman

B.preferred selling matches and pens by low prices

C.had been a well-off merchant due to his principle

D.enjoyed doing something promising with discipline

4.What can be inferred from paragraph 5 and 6 about Mr. Kamprad?

A.He never overslept due to his alarm clock being set.

B.He was against drinking but for sniffing at the wine.

C.He sold the old Volvo with the purpose of saving money. -

D.He didn’t give up the quality of furniture for more profit.

5.Which of the following has nothing to do with Mr. Kamprad’s success in business?

A.The pictures and mottos of Mr. Kamprad.

B.The setbacks Mr. Kamprad experienced.

C.Mr. Kamprad’s principles of management.

D.Mr. Kamprad’s self-discipline and diligence.

    The Jewish(犹太人）family-had-just finished supper and the woman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even gloomier than in the main room.It was their third apartment since the start of the war,they had abandoned the other two in a hurry.The woman came back into the room and sat down again at the table.The 3-year-old boy sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed on his father,but it was obvious that he was so sleepy that he could barely sit up.

The man was smoking a cigarette.His eyes were blood-shot and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun soon after they fled the second apartment.

It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.Even though the man tried his best and he moved very quickly,the fault was his and not the child's.The boy was.marvelous.Seeing his father put out his cigarette,he opened his blue eyes even wider.The woman,who didn't actually take part in the game, stroked the boy's hair.

“We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.

He didn't answer because he was not sure.They were still two or three minutes off. He arose and walked towards the bathroom door.Then the woman called out softly,“Ding-dong."At the sound of the bell ringing so musically from his mother's lips,the boy jumped up from his chair and ran to the front door,which was separated from the main room by a narrow corridor.

“Who's there?"he asked.

The woman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.

“I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the main room,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut.

“Just a minute,I can't find them,I don't know where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair across the room,climbed onto it,and reached up to the top of the shelf.

“I found them!”he shouted triumphantly.Then he got down from the chair, pushed it back to the table,and calmly walked to the door and opened it.

“Shut the door,darling,"the woman said softly."You were perfect.”

The child didn't hear what she said.He stood in the middle of the room,staring at the closed bathroom door.

“Shut the door, the woman repeated in a tired flat voice.Every evening she repeated the same words,and every evening he stared at the closed bathroom door.

At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way.

“Well?How did it go?"asked the woman.

“I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways all right,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder."

The child didn't take his eyes off him.

“Say something to him,"the woman whispered.

＂You did a good job,little one,"he said mechanically.

“That's right,”the woman said,“you're really doing a wonderful job,darling. You act just like a grown-up.And you do know that if someone should really ring the doorbell when Mama is at work,everything will depend on you?And what will you say when they ask you about your parents?”

“Mama's at work.”

“And Papa?"He was silent.

“And Papa?"the man screamed in terror.The child turned pale.

“And Papa?”the man repeated more calmly.

“He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,who was standing right beside him,but already long dead to the people who would really ring the bell.

1.What does the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?

A.The family needed to practise the game for another 2 or 3 minutes.

B.There was still 2 or 3 minutes left before someone knocked at the door.

C.They would become too sleepy to play the game 2 or 3 minutes later.

D.The father needed 2 or 3 more minutes before the kid opened the door.

2.Why did the boy make a lot of noise when he was looking for the key?

A.Because he needed to drown out the noise caused by his father.

B.Because he was too little and just couldn't control his footsteps.

C.Because he was too anxious to find the key to open the door with.

D.Because he met many barriers on his way to where the key was.

3.In Para.12,why did the mother repeat“shut the door”in a tired,flat voice, instead of the previous soft one?

A.She was angry because her son didn't close the door as he had been told to.

B.She felt anxious because she knew her husband would be annoyed at the boy again.

C.She was disappointed because the boy's movement betrayed again where her husband was.

D.She was impatient because she was asked to repeat these words again and again every evening.

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A.A Scary Night B.The Key Game

C.My Father Is Dead D.An Innocent Boy

    I came home one day recently and, for reasons I don’t quite understand, my living room smelled like my grandmother’s house. Suddenly I felt as if I were 12 years old, happy and relaxed, sitting in her kitchen. I can remember what her house looked like, though it was sold 20 years ago – her three-level plant stand, the plates lining the walls, the window over her sink – but these visual memories don’t have the power that smell does. The funny thing is, I can’t even begin to describe the odor(气味) that was so distinctively hers. The best I can do is this: “It smelled like my grandmother’s house.”

It’s a common experience, and a common linguistic( 语言学的) problem. In cultures worldwide, people have powerful olfactory memories. This odor-memory link is also called “the Proust phenomenon,” after Marcel Proust’s famous description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in “Remembrance of Things Past.”

Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones.

Not all these memories are pleasant, of course, and smells can also trigger feelings of pain.

It is surprisingly hard for English-speakers to describe the odors that occasion such strong emotions, however. English possesses almost no abstract smell words that pick out links or themes among unrelated aromas(芳香).

We have plenty of these in the visual field. “Yellow,” for example, identifies a characteristic that bananas, lemons, some cars, some flowers, old book pages, and the sun all share.

But for odors, we don’t have many more than the vague “musty” (smells old and stale) and “musky” (smells perfumey). We usually have no choice but to say that one thing smells like another – like a banana, like garlic, like diesel fuel.

A few languages, though, do have a rich odor vocabulary. Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai, the Semaq Beri, and the Maniq, hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand, employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colors. The Jahai have a word, for example, that describes “the seemingly dissimilar smell of petrol, smoke, bat poop, root of wild ginger and wood of wild mango.”

Last year my cat got sprayed by a skunk(臭鼬), and the vet told me to wash its face with coffee to cover the bad smell. Until then, I had never realized that coffee, which I find delicious, smells remarkably like skunk spray, which I do not.

Science has identified the chemicals that both share. They are called mercaptans (硫醇). But in oral English, we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors. If the Jahai drank coffee and encountered skunks, I bet they would.

1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to  .

A.express the writer’s affection for his grandmother

B.direct the readers’ attention to a linguistic problem

C.tell us the odor of the grandmother’s house stayed the same

D.prove smell has a greater power than visual memories

2.Which of the following is related to olfactory memories?

A.Forming an image in mind after seeing the word “injury”.

B.Feeling sympathetic when seeing a sick cat.

C.Dancing to the music upon hearing it played.

D.Missing fried eggs with garlic cooked by mum.

3.The example of the Jahai suggests that  .

A.the Jahai don’t have many words in the visual field

B.English possesses many vague words like “musty” and “musky”

C.the Jahai has more abstract smell words than English

D.skunk and coffee have the same smell, but different functions

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A.The author feels pity about the limitation of his language.

B.English has a wide range of visual and odor vocabulary.

C.Olfactory memories can bring nothing but pleasant feelings.

D.Cultures worldwide always collide with each other.

The QUIK-FRYTM Electronic Wok

It is important that you read this carefully before first using the wok. Until you become familiar with the product, we advise that you can keep this handy and refer to it when required.

IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS:

◇ In order to prevent the risk of electric shock. DO Nor IMMERSE the cord or the probe in water or any other liquid.

◇Whenever he wok is used near children, it is essential that close supervision takes place Never leave the appliance unattended while in use. Before disassembling the wok for cleaning, SWITCH OFF AND REMOVE THE PLUG from the power source.

◇ DO NOT USE THE Quick-Fry WOK OUTDOORS.

◇ Avoid touching hot surfaces; instead use the heat resistant handles on the wok or the heal-resistant plastic knob on top of the glass hid. DO NOT OPERATE NEAR HOT SURFACES such as electric hotplates, gas burners or in a heated oven.

◇DO NOT COVER the Quick-Fry wok with the lid while using it to deep fry foods. Failure to comply will cause condensation to drip onto the oil and cause splattering.

◇DO NOT ATTEMPT REPAIR of the Quick Fry wok. If the cord becomes damaged, or if the appliance is malfunctioning, do not operate. Return the appliance to the nearest authorized service center for repair. DO NOT OPEN THE BASE OR TOUCH THE ELECTRICAL COMONENTS INSIDE. Tampering with the base will void the warranty.

Manufactured for operation only from a standard domestic power source.

How to Use the Quick-Fry Electric Wok:

Be sure to season the wok before using it for the first time, Assemble the wok and heat to the highest setting. Rub the non-stick inner surface of the wok with 1 tablespoon of oil. Use thick paper toweling. and be very careful to avoid touching the hot surface.

Cooking Methods:

1.This text is most probably from _______ .

A.an advertisement for the electric wok

B.a cooking book designed for customers

C.an instruction booklet for the wok

D.a customer review of the wok

2.One of the advantages of the wok is that _______.

A.you don't need to pay close attention to it when cooking

B.you may remove its base when cleaning the wok

C.you can repair the wok by yourself when it is not working properly

D.you can touch the wok because it is totally free from heat

    Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds _______and achievable. But, _______, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often _______ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become _______. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—_______ that the customer remains a customer.

_______ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing _______, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any _______ how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the _______implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big ________ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to ________ increases of between 25 and 85 percent.

In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a ________customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and ________ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in ________ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

The logic behind cultivating customer ________ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to ________ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a ________ relationship between retaining customers and making profits. ________ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price ________, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it ________ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

1.A.simple B.difficult C.tough D.complicated

2.A.in particular B.in reality C.at least D.first of all

3.A.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believe

4.A.carried away B.carried back C.carried on D.carried through

5.A.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.proving

6.A.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.Failing

7.A.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expenses

8.A.thought B.idea C.opinion D.view

9.A.culture B.social C.financial D.economical

10.A.promise B.plan C.mistake D.difference

11.A.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budget

12.A.usual B.ordinary C.common D.regular

13.A.as a result B.on the whole C.in conclusion D.on the contrary

14.A.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonable

15.A.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interest

16.A.altering B.understanding C.keeping D.attracting

17.A.close B.distant C.deep D.shallow

18.A.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.Unexpected

19.A.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitive

20.A.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenient

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

The Board Meeting had come to an end. Bob started to stand up and knocked into the table, spilling his coffee over his notes. ''How embarrassing! I am getting so clumsy(笨拙的) in my old age. ''

Everyone had a good laugh, and soon we were all telling stories of our most embarrassing moments. It came around to Frank, who sat quietly listening to the others. Someone said, ''Come on, Frank. Tell us your most embarrassing moment. ''

Frank laughed and began to tell us of his childhood. ''I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad was a fisherman. He had his own boat, but it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to feed a big family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad and the other kids that were still at home. ''

He looked at us and said, ''I wish you could have met my Dad. He was strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him, he smelled like the ocean. No matter how much my mother washed his clothes, they would still smell of the sea and of fish. ''

Frank's voice dropped a bit. ''When the weather was bad, he would drive me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing business. That truck was older than he was. Half the time, he would slam to a stop and the old truck would belch(喷出) a cloud of smoke. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and watching. Then he would lean over and give me a goodbye kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so embarrassing for me. Here, I was twelve years old. I was a big boy and my Dad would lean over and kiss me goodbye! ''

He paused and then went on, ''I remember the day I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his usual big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my hand up and said, 'No, Dad. ' ''

……

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

Paragraph 1:

It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this surprised look on his face.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Frank got a funny look on his face, and the tears began to well up in his eyes.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假设你是李华，作为交换生（an exchange student）正在英国 windmill College 学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学，你无法在原地等候车主。请留一张便条，内容包括：

1. 表明身份；2.简述事情经过；3.道歉并表示愿意赔偿；

4. 联系方式（Tel:5893671  E-mail: lihua@windmillco.org）。

1. 表达歉意 2. 解释原因 3. 另约时间

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

From the “Roman Warm Period” to the “Little Ice Age” that began in the 14th century, periods of hot and cold weather1. (extend) for centuries. As a result, many have argued that the current period of global warming2.(be) part of a natural pattern and the human role in creating3. has been exaggerated.

This new study suggests that is not4. case. Scientists reconstructed the major climate events of the past 2,000 years by looking around 700 records, tree rings, ice cores and lake sediments(沉淀物) 5. (include). Not one single event affected as much of the world6.the present period of warming is now doing. Other scientists7. have looked at the study have been impressed by the quality of the research.

The researchers involved argue that the new 8. (finding) reveal many theories put forward by climate scientists9. (explain) the rise in temperatures, including changes in solar activity. The current period of climate change is mainly down to humans, they insist. Natural causes, they say, are10. (simple) not sufficient to explain the warming scene over the last century and a half.

    The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.

Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ________ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ________ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and ________ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all ________ the “Starbucks Experience”.

Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, ________ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.

_____ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ________ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ________ to creating for its customers — a kind of “third place” where they can ________, reflect, read, chat or listen.

The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ________ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ________ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.

Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ______: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, ________ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ________ life.

But the ________ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.

1.A.people B.managers C.customers D.clients

2.A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted

3.A.emergency B.environment C.employment D.customer

4.A.consisted of B.benefited from C.contributed to D.headed for

5.A.going beyond B.coming across C.making up D.depending on

6.A.With regard to B.In addition to C.Compared with D.In terms of

7.A.general B.reasonable C.legal D.fascinating

8.A.committed B.alerted C.subjected D.required

9.A.negotiate B.perform C.conceal D.escape

10.A.imagination B.inspiration C.patent D.philosophy

11.A.creates B.cultivates C.credits D.conveys

12.A.brand B.logo C.possession D.experience

13.A.greedily B.gently C.persistently D.indifferently

14.A.busy B.easy C.miserable D.energetic

15.A.product B.vision C.essence D.importance

    Criticism (批评) is harmful to healthy relationships. It’s okay to express disappointment if someone is behaving in a way that hurts you. 1. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.

2. Before you criticize, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything at all. If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out? Sometimes, it’s best to let small rudeness go Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.

Be realistic. Critical people often have very high expectations of those around them. Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. 3.

Separate the individual from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. 4. We all behave poorly sometimes, but a single action is not a reflection of character.

Focus on positives. Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. 5. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.

A.Never criticize others.

B.Think before you speak.

C.Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections.

D.It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.

E.We should focus on other people’s disappointing actions.

F.Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action.

G.Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time.

    We've all spent time in a hospital, whether through medical issues of our own or those of a loved one. And while we're used to seeing the doctors hurry in and out of the room, displaying varying degrees of attention, it's the constant and reliable presence of the nursing staff and their professionalism that gives the most confidence and relief to those in the room.

So, while doctors and surgeons tend to get most spotlight, nurses are really at the forefront of patient care. They are often called upon to make important, life-saving decisions multiple times a day and work closely with doctors to analyze records and test results to advise on treatment. It's the nurses that are frequently responsible for identifying a condition and matching the right specialist doctor to a patient, and it's the nurses that are often the first on the scene to treat people in an emergency.

A career in Nursing brings job security, a good wage, career mobility, and chance to decide your own career path. You can work part or full time according to your preference. You can be flexible on work location and specialism. If a particular area interests you, you can explore that as there will always be the need for quality nurses across the medical spectrum(医学光谱)with a passion for their work. Jobs in the field are in high demand, with significant opportunities to learn, grow and reach senior leadership positions. However, if you want to undertake a career in Nursing, a good education is compulsory.

The University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing offers high quality and affordable undergraduate and graduate programs reinforced by talented faculty(全体教师), strong clinical partnerships and advanced simulation(模拟)technology. Students do gain much real experience before working in a hospital. Adelphi's College of Nursing and Public Health provides students with a top-rated, comprehensive education grounded in practice, theory and creativity. They are devoted to transforming students' lives through small classes with world-class faculty, hands-on learning and creative ways to support academic and career success. The Wayne State University College of Nursing, attaching special importance to first-hand experience, is dedicated to providing the highest quality education to a diverse population of graduate students. Graduates from the college are prepared to be nurse leaders in research, education and practice.

1.What can comfort patients most in the hospital?

A.Spending less time there.

B.Receiving concrete care from nurses.

C.Drawing little attention there.

D.Getting timely information from doctors.

2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The content of different positions.

B.The process of patient care.

C.The importance of nursing work.

D.The contribution of doctors.

3.Which of the following can best describe the nurse professional?

A.Low-paid and secure.

B.Promising and significant.

C.Flexible and tiresome.

D.Demanding and dangerous.

4.What do colleges in the last paragraph have in common?

A.They charge high learning fees.

B.They offer small-class teaching.

C.They require basic nursing education.

D.They provide hands-on learning.

    Researchers have found, for the first time plants letting out sounds when they are stressed. According to a study a team of scientists recorded tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants producing sound frequencies which humans cannot hear in stressful situations—such as when they experienced a lack of water or their stems (茎) were cut.

Previous research has shown that plants respond to stress by producing several visual and chemical signals. For example, stressed plants may differ in color and shape compared to unstressed plants. Meanwhile, some are also known to let out things in response to drought (干旱) or being eaten.

The latest study, meanwhile, is the first to identify plants making sounds which can be detected over a distance. The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the tobacco plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an hour on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. As a comparison, unstressed plants made less than one sound per hour on average, according to the study.

The team say that while they only tested tomato and tobacco, it’s possible that other plants could also produce sounds, adding that the latest findings could have an influence on agriculture. “Plant sound production could offer a new way for monitoring crops water state—a question of key importance in agriculture”, the authors wrote in the study more precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water cost and increase the production.

“In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, while human population and consumption keep increasing, effective water use becomes even more important for food security”, they said “Our results, showing the ability to distinguish between drought-stressed and control plants on the basis of plant sounds, open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture.”

1.Which of the following best describes plants’ response to stress in the study?

A.Sing. B.Laugh.

C.Cry. D.Sigh.

2.What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs?

A.Humans can hear the sound produced by plants.

B.Stressed and unstressed plants look the same.

C.Plants in stressful situations make the fewest sounds.

D.Stressed tomato plants make more sounds than tobacco.

3.How can the study help agriculture?

A.Lower the cost. B.Better the quality.

C.Monitor climate change. D.Control the pests.

4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A.Science. B.Health.

C.Education. D.Culture.

    In 2000, a tiny goose was left behind by his parents in our driveway. He was too young to fly and join the adults. So, we had to bring him onto our back porch to ensure his safety. A week later, the young goose had clearly decided we were his new family. We called the little guy Peeper.

A year passed and we were accustomed to the life of taking care of him. Peeper slept on our back porch each night. My dad would spray off all the goose’s droppings daily. Part of this ritual(例行的事)included dad throwing Peeper up into the air so he could fly a loop around the house, coming back again once the porch was clean. One evening, my dad threw him up again, but this time, Peeper just flew off and never back again. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.

Geese live to be around 25 years old, are very loyal, and never forget their first home. Even so, it came as a total shock to me when, in 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my family home. At first, I assumed it was just another goose. And yet, something about the lone male seemed oddly familiar to me.

After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly, it became clear to me that this wasn't a random goose. He did all of the same things Peeper used to, like trying to come in through the front door and sleeping in our enclosed pool area. In addition to looking like Peeper's old ways, this goose also responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.

This experience has been as meaningful to me as anything in my life. I hope that my children, someday, have the opportunity to connect with nature and a wild being in this same way. People long for connection with the natural world. Through Peeper, I have learned so much about myself and about the nature of love.

1.What did the author's family do to the little goose?

A.He taught him some tricks.

B.They restricted his flight.

C.He tried to drive him away.

D.They took good care of him.

2.What do we know about geese from this text?

A.They depend on human very much.

B.They always remember the first home.

C.They know how to repay human beings.

D.They are good at flying long distances.

3.What does the author think of the reunion with the goose?

A.It is controversial. B.It is quite natural.

C.It is of significance. D.It is accidental.

4.What can be a suitable title for this text?

A.The Reunion of a Family and a Goose

B.A Goose with a Great Memory

C.A Goose Will Eventually Fly Away

D.The Desire to Get on Well with Animals

This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like

If you trust in the yen, the euro,

and the dollar...stop reading.

Because this is a story about

the sliver coin EVERYBODY wants.

You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long­term value with high­grade collectable silver.And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!

You Can't Afford to Lose

Why are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high­grade coins.That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．

Timing is Everything

Our advice? Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.

Offer Limited to 40 per household

2012 American Silver Eagle Coin

Your cost 1­4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h

5­9 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h

10­19 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h

20­40 Coins $37.45 each＋s/h

Note：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchase

For fastest service, call toll­free 24 hours a day

1­888­201­7143

Offer Code(代码) ASE177­04
Please mention this code when you call.
 

New York Mint

14101 Southcross Drive W．， Dept.ASE177­04

Burnsville, Minnesota 55337

www.NewYorkMint.com

1.What is stressed in the ad?

A.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.

B.The coin can be circulated as a currency.

C.Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.

D.Demand for the coin is bound to break records.

2.If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________.

A.$230.7 B.$233.7 C.$240.7 D.$243.7

3.The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________.

A.shopping online

B.making a phone call

C.lining up in front of the stores

D.writing to the company

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Jo: 15 years old, Amy’s sister, whose ambition is to be a great writer

Amy: 11 years old, Jo’s little sister, who had burned Jo’s manuscripts(手稿) on purpose

Laurie: 15 years old, a boy next door, the sisters’ friend

“There! Jo is a bad sister. She promised I should go skating this time, for this is the last ice  we shall have.” Amy complained.

“Don’t say that. You were very naughty, and it is hard for Jo to forgive you for deliberately burning her precious little book. Don’t say anything till she’s cheered up. Go and be a nice girl.” “I’ll try,” said Amy and after a hurry to get ready, she ran after Jo and Laurie.

Jo saw Amy coming along, but she turned her back. She heard Amy had some trouble putting her skates(溜冰鞋) on, but she ignored her and went slowly down the river, taking a bitter, unhappy sort of satisfaction in her little sister’s troubles. Jo allowed her anger to grow strong and take possession of her.

Laurie did not see Amy, for he was carefully skating along the shore, examining the ice with his hockey stick(曲棍球球棍). As He turned the bend(转弯处), he shouted back... “Keep near the shore(河岸). It isn’t safe in the middle.” Jo heard, but Amy was struggling to her feet and did not catch a word.

“No matter whether she heard or not, let her take care of herself.” Jo murmured. Laurie had disappeared round the bend, Jo was just at the turn, and Amy, far behind, striking out toward the smoother(光滑的) ice in the middle of the river.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 120 左右；

1. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

2. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph1：

For a minute Jo stood still with a strange feeling in her heart, then she resolved(决心) to go on, but something held and turned her round.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

Shivering, dripping, and crying, Jo got Amy home with Laurie’s help, and after an exciting time of it, Amy fell asleep, rolled in blankets before a hot fire.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

假定你是高中学生李华，代表自己班级，邀请Dr.Frost给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。请你写一封信，发出邀请。

要点如下：1.时间，地点2.主题,可简述原因3.期望与感谢

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Frost，

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

语法填空

Kenya signed an 1. (agree) with China in 2013 to construct a new standard railway from Nairobi to Mombasa, part of 2. will run through the Tsavo National Park. The section of the railway that passes through the park is being built at a raised level 3. (allow) space for underpasses(地下通道) for the animals.

The Tsavo National Park is home to Kenya’s 4. (large) elephant group, according to non-profit organization the Tsavo Trust. It says there were over 12,000 elephants in the Tsavo National Park in 2011.

Robert O’brien is Assistant Director of the Tsavo National Park at the Kenya Wildlife Service. He says monitoring the elephants’ movements will help also to reduce the conflict 5. wildlife and humans, which has been 6. key issue in this area.

Sospeter Kiambi, an office worker of the Kenya Wildlife Service elephant programme, 7. (say) the project is 8. (potential) dangerous for both elephants and people, but he also says that 9. (authority) will make full use of this exercise and avoid 10. (make) silly decisions to damage the relation to wildlife.

In all, projects like this one could help elephants and humans live together a little more harmoniously.

    I was going to see my grandma Ruthy.

Approaching her apartment, I was suddenly seized with the _______ that I was going to die one day. I walked in to see my grandmother sitting on the sofa, _______ and pale. Once she would have _______ me in her huge bear hug, but now it seemed like the sofa was going to have her _______ alive.

I knew I was supposed to hug her but I wanted to _______ . I didn't want to even make eye contact with this woman that I had loved so _______ , because if I did, maybe death would _______ from over her shoulder and touch me too.

My grandmother, dying of cancer, _______ pulled herself to the edge of the sofa and _______ herself up and said, "So where are we going for dinner? '' I turned to my mom ________ I didn't know what food went with dying.

The next minute, we ended up ________her off the sofa, down the steps, into the car, and driving to the closest ________. She hadn't managed solid food in weeks, and could ________ do a sip(一小口) of water due to the pain. But she ordered a large cup of beer. We ate and she drank. ________ , there was no death. There was no cancer. There was a moment like that in every ________ .

Then we said ________ . I was waiting for the icy cold hand of ________on my heart.

But I didn't feel it, because she had ________ a shield(防护物)around me ---the meal.

The last ________ my grandma Ruthy taught me is that one day, I'm supposed to look over my shoulder and say, "Hello, Death. Before we go, I'm going to have one more ________.''

1.A.depression B.terror C.surprise D.anger

2.A.clumsy B.hungry C.tiring D.weak

3.A.wrapped B.packed C.contacted D.comforted

4.A.locked B.split C.swallowed D.bitten

5.A.check B.scream C.stand D.flee

6.A.slightly B.deliberately C.dearly D.secretly

7.A.reach out B.run away C.look away D.set out

8.A.smoothly B.unwillingly C.casually D.slowly

9.A.dressed B.straightened C.gave D.fastened

10.A.when B.although C.because D.unless

11.A.dragging B.rushing C.carrying D.inviting

12.A.restaurant B.park C.supermarket D.clinic

13.A.carefully B.barely C.freely D.easily

14.A.From time to time B.From then on C.For a long while D.For a moment

15.A.meal B.conversation C.party D.celebration

16.A.sorry B.goodbye C.hello D.thanks

17.A.fate B.God C.death D.life

18.A.built B.remove C.bought D.refused

19.A.skill B.concept C.story D.lesson

20.A.hug B.beer C.talk D.trip

    Though technology has considerable wonderful benefits, it is becoming increasingly obvious that our addiction to technology and overall cell phone addiction is becoming too common. However powerful it is, it does have a power-off button.1.

● Powering-down prevents the fear of missing out.

Scientifically speaking, the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) has been recognized as a recently rising psychological  disorder brought on by the huge increase in technology addiction. The premise(假定) is simple.2.Within  this constant stream of information, our fear of being left out continues to grow. Turning off social media and learning how to live in the moment are both important skills in this modern world.

● Powering-down promotes creation over consumption.

Essentially, most of our time is spent in one of the two categories: consuming or creating. Certainly, technology can contribute to creating. For example, this article was written (created) on a computer. But most of the time we spend in front of technology is spent consuming (playing video games, browsing the Internet, watching movies, listening to music).3. It needs more creating. It needs your passion, your solution, and your unique contribution.

Power down and begin contributing to a better world because of it.

●4.

If we power down for a while, we can learn something about ourselves. We will learn we are far more addicted to technology than we would have guessed. But that is the nature of addiction, isn’t it? We can never fully realize our level of addiction until the item is out of sight. The only way to truly discover technology’s controlling influence on our life is to turn it off, walk away, and sense how strong the pull is to turn it back on.

● Life, at its best, is happening right in front of you.

Our world may be changing, but the true nature of life is not. Life, at its best, is happening right in front of you.5.The conversations are natural and authentic. And the love is real. But if we are too busy staring down at our screen, we’re going to miss all of it.

A.It has a negative effect on our creativity.

B.Our world doesn’t need more consuming.

C.The experiences in life will never repeat themselves.

D.The following are some important reasons to unplug.

E.Our social media are filled with everything happening all around us.

F.Powering-down helps remove unhealthy feelings of envy and loneliness.

G.Technology addiction can only be understood when the object is taken away.

    American writer A.N.DEVERS was at a rare-book fair in New York City in 2015 when she noticed a Joan Didion title selling for just $25. Then she saw the price tag of a novel by the equally famous Cormac McCarthy: about $600. “I realized we don’t value women’s work the same way we do men’s,” Devers says. “It’s depressing. But it’s also exciting, because I can do something about it.”

Three years later, after moving to London and joining the U.K.’s booming rare-book trade, Devers opened the red doors of her new bookstore, the Second Shelf. Located in a quiet courtyard off the busy streets of London’s Soho, the store almost exclusively stocks rare books by women (alongside a handful of male-authored books about women). The focus is modern fiction: Elizabeth Bowen novels, romances by Rosamunde Pilcher, poetry by Ntozake Shange.

Devers’ skill for finding overlooked jewels was polished during a childhood of Visits to yard sales in towns across the U.S., a result of her family’s following her father’s Air Force job. Some of her most sought-after recent finds were works by Miriam Tlali, the first black woman to publish a novel in South Africa. Devers hit on her 1975 debut in a charity store and quickly sourced and sold 15 more Tlali books.

In collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed women’s literary achievements to be eclipsed. Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trade’s early material was collected by “country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence,” Devers says. She argues that they’ve been like their peers in other male-led creative industries — including television, film and the news media — in that “they focus on themselves.”

That past contributes to a plain absence of women’s work among the books considered to be valuable cultural objects. In January, the Second Shelf went viral (走红) on Twitter after Devers pointed out that only nine books by women appeared in a list, produced by a trade website, of the 500 biggest sales at auction in the books-and-paper field last year. Even among more recently published works, a 2018 study found, titles by women are on average priced 45% lower than books by men.

In recent years, calls have gone out to read only books by women for a year and for universities to expand their curriculums. The observance of Women’s History Month in the U.S. has also made March a time for publishers to suggest fitting reading lists. Devers’ shop is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation. “We’ve been taught to find value in something really narrow,” she says. “It’s time to explore something different.”

1.The first paragraph tells the readers _________.

A.why Devers named her shop the Second Shelf

B.how Devers was exposed to rare book trade

C.what motivated Devers to open the Second Shelf

D.where Devers first came across women’s literary works

2.The underlined word “eclipse” in the fourth paragraph means_________.

A.fully exposed

B.partially concealed

C.seriously treated

D.roughly explained

3.Which may explain the absence of the great literary works by women?

A.The trade used to be dominated by men.

B.Women writers’ ideas conflict with the bookdealers’.

C.Males tend to be productive in the creative industry.

D.The majority of male readers don’t read modern fiction.

4.What can be inferred from the passage?

A.In recent years, university curriculums have emphasized books by women.

B.Women’s History Month has pushed women writers to be more productive.

C.More physical bookstores like Devers’ are needed to change the situation.

D.The Second Shelf is helping turn a page for women in literature.

    Definition of adult learning vary, but according to the European Commission, it is defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone.

Education and training are important factors in achieving the strategic goal of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion. However, with some expectations, implementation(实现，履行) remains weak. Most education and training system still largely focus on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the life span. An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning. Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning. Research on older adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent decrease in health care costs.

Europe’s key economic challenge is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力). Rapid progress in other regions(地区) of the world shows the importance of innovative (创新的), advanced and quality education and training as a key factor in economic competitiveness. General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the employment market and to allow citizens to function well in society.

Europe is facing unheard-of demographic changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs. The European population is aging: over the next 30 years the number of younger Europeans(up to 24 years old)will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and  about one in then will be over 80.

Raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons given the challenges identified above. Not only does adult learning help make adults more efficient workers and, better-informed and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.

1.What dose the author say about adult learning?

A.It reduces health care costs greatly.

B.The young need take it seriously.

C.It hasn’t been given enough attentions.

D.More adults have realized its importance.

2.What must we do to do well in today’s society ?

A.Upgrade(提高) general levels of our abilities

B.Face various challenges bravely.

C.Copy what other regions have done.

D.Be sensitive to the labour market.

3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A.Change in the education system B.Changes in the job market

C.Changes in the population D.Changed in society

    The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao. Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency. It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolatl”.

The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding sugar and later cinnamon(肉桂) and vanilla(香草) were added. Spanish monks( 僧侣) let the secret out back home and, although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years, finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court(宫廷) and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.

The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. Thus, its cultivation (培育 ) is limited to countries not more than 20 degrees north or south of the equator ( 赤 道 ). The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth. A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees. It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas, or coconuts. Rubber trees( 橡胶树) and forest trees are also used for shade. Once established, however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight, provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and careful cultivation, the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year. With extreme care, some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.

The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the late 1800s, when the Swiss learned to make fine unsweetened chocolate. Mixed with cocoa butter and other ingredients and then “purified”, the finished result is shaped, cooled, packaged by machine, distributed, sold and of course, eaten!

1.Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?

A.Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.

B.Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.

C.Because he was not aware of the commercial value of cacao bean then.

D.Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.

2.The underlined word “palatable” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.

A.affordable B.agreeable

C.patent D.portable

3.Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?

A.Cacao trees require hot, rainy climates and adequate sunlight.

B.Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.

C.Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.

D.Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.