阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you have always wanted to become 1. astronaut, now could be your chance. Now the US space agency NASA is seeking candidates to be future astronauts.

The search comes after NASA 2.(announce) plans to send the first woman and the next man to the moon as part of its Artemis Program last year. Artemis aims to return humans to the moon by 2024. NASA’s next goal is to establish a long-term base on the moon, 3. NASA says it will be able to launch regular space operations, 4. ( include) tasks to Mars (火星). NASA says it expects to choose the final candidates in the middle of 2021. They will then 5. (immediate) begin training to become Artemis Generation astronauts.

So what exactly is NASA looking for in its crew of new astronaut? Two general 6.(requirement) are that applicants must be US citizens and hold a master’s degree in a field 7. (relate) to science, technology, engineering or mathematics. 8. addition，candidates should also have at least two years of 9. (profession) experience in their field. Of course, all applicants will have to complete a NASA physical 10. (examine) to test their fitness for long-term spaceflight.

    We had a tornado (龙卷风)touch down near the school, and as expected,，we went into our emergency tornado procedures. It was a day we never wanted to happen, but _______ prepared for throughout the school year. I wasn't even in the _______ when it happened. I had taken a student with me to the workroom to help _______items for a project. When the alarm stared _______ ,I immediately took my student ’ s hand and _______ as fast as I could back to the classroom.

Never did I imagine needing to put our tornado_______ to use. I never imagined actually needing to _______ my students up against the wall, have them crouch (蹲)down with their knees and heads_______ the ground, hands on the backs of their heads. Their hears were_______ so fast that they couldn’t catch their breath，and the ________ filled their eyes looking up at me as they asked i their families and ________ were going to be okay.

In the midst of the very ________and dangerous situation, my students ________ themselves with the attitudes and mindset of children much ________ than them. Never in my life have I seen my students ________directions so quickly, and without hesitation. Even though some tears ________ down, and some hearts were beating fast, my students were brave. They had such a firm ________ in my assistant and me that they were able to be 100% ________ . They were brave beyond their ________ today and for that, I am very grateful.

Right now, I ________ the day and am thankful for our safety，courage, and bravery.

1.A.hardly B.continually C.safely D.suddenly

2.A.classroom B.school C.workroom D.laboratory

3.A.buy B.deliver C.gather D.swap

4.A.coming about B.blowing away C.sending up D.going off

5.A.called B.ran C.drove D.stepped

6.A.drills B.warnings C.events D.details

7.A.get B.put C.line D.set

8.A.kicking B.hitting C.scratching D.touching

9.A.beating B.jumping C.trembling D.striking

10.A.courage B.fear C.hope D.disaster

11.A.brothers B.classmates C.teachers D.friends

12.A.vivid B.unique C.frightening D.practical

13.A.enjoyed B.handled C.provided D.injured

14.A.older B.smarter C.healthier D.luckier

15.A.announce B.describe C.recite D.follow

16.A.looked B.hid C.rolled D.turned

17.A.goal B.emotion C.trust D.conclusion

18.A.clear B.calm C.cautious D.honest

19.A.abilities B.grades C.memories D.years

20.A.look back on B.make up for C.look forward to D.take advantage of

    At times it can be difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle while traveling. Here are some healthy habits to help you maintain a healthy lifestyle while enjoying your travels.

Take driving breaks

When you are taking a long-distance trip, you may want to get to your destination as fast as possible. 1.. You will feel healthier and happier if you take advantage of your ability to stop wherever you want, and take a few breaks. Make sure you take time to get appropriate rest, for everyone needs adequate sleep.

2.

Everyone needs to get some exercise, and fortunately you have the opportunity to travel to some extremely beautiful and fascinating destinations. You will find that you get the opportunity to explore the real beauty of your destination by hiking and walking. Take advantage of this fantastic opportunity to develop the healthy habit of getting regular exercise.

Drink water

If you are traveling to a warm destination, especially a desert destination, make sure to stay hydrated. Water is rare in the desert and the sun and heat contribute to easy dehydration.3.. Drinking enough water is also a good habit to practice even when you aren’t in the sun, so make sure to keep drinking water even after you leave the warm environs you travel to.

Stay sun safe

4.. While enjoying the beautiful weather in your vacation destination, make sure to stay sun safe. This means using enough sunscreen, of at least 30 SPF. You can also wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, which provide great protection from the harmful rays of the sun.5..

A.Go for a hike or two

B.Eat enough fresh foods

C.Many places you may travel to are warm and sunny

D.This may lead you to drive for many hours continuously

E.Make sure you always have an abundant supply of drinking water

F.You can also park farther away from your destination and walk more

G.Other sun safe prevention measures like wearing sunglasses can protect your eyes

    Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a new method that doesn't require any special equipment and works in just minutes to create soft, flexible,3D-prnted robots.

The innovation comes from rethinking the way soft robots are built : instead of figuring out how to add soft materials to a rigid robot body, the UC San Diego researcher started with a soft body and added rigid features to key components. The strictures were inspired by insect exoskeletons,which have both soft and rigid parts — the researchers called their creations

“flexoskeletons (柔性外骨骼）”.The new method allows for the construction of soft components for robots in a small bit of the time previously needed and for a small bit of the cost.

“We hope that these flexoskeletons will lead to the creation of a new class of soft robots, ” said Nick Gravish， a mechanical engineering professor at the Jacobs School of Engineering at the UC San Diego and the paper ’ s senior author. “ We want to make soft robots easier to build for researchers all over the world. ”

The new method makes it possible to build large groups of flexoskeleton robots with little hand assembly (装配）as well as assemble a library of Lego-like components so that robot parts can be easily swapped.

Researchers detail their work in the April 7 issue of the journal Soft Robotics. The team plans to make their designs available to researchers at other institutions as well as high schools.

One flexoskeleton component takes 10 minutes to print and costs less than $1. Flexokeleton printing can be done on most low-cost commercially available printers. Printing and assembling a whole robot takes under two hours.

The final goal is to create an assembly line that prints whole flexoskeleton robots without any need for hand assembly. These small robots could do as much work as one massive robot on its own — or more.

1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A.The origin of the new method.

B.The function of the new method.

C.The advantages of the new method.

D.The cost of the new method.

2.What’s Nick’s attitude towards flexoskeletons?

A.Indifferent. B.Skeptical.

C.Curious. D.Hopeful.

3.What will researchers intend to do with flexoskeletons?

A.Benefit moss students.

B.Produce a lot of flexoskeleton robots.

C.Build robots by hand.

D.Create many larger ones.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.New Robos Made of Special Equipment and Materials

B.A New Method of Building Giant,Soft and Flexible Robots

C.Flexoskeletons Make Soft Robots Faster and Cheaper to Make

D.Flexoskeletons Create Lots of Soft Robots with Hand Assembly

    Legos have been a kind of popular toys for children for more than 60 years. When children get older, boxes of plastic Lego bricks often end up unused and stored in out-of-the-way places around the homes. Parents sometimes end up throwing the Legos away.

Now, the Lego Group toy company is testing a program to make sure the unwanted bricks do not go to waste. The program is called Lego Replay. It aims to make sure the unwanted building blocks continue to make children happy.

Tim Brooks is the Lego company’s vice president of environmental sustainability. He said, "Nearly all Lego bricks we see that are out there have lots more play value in them — multi-generation of play value. It’s a waste of energy and resources to grind them up (碾碎）and make new bricks. ”

Brooks said the idea came from parents who do not know what to do with the old bricks. Placing old Legos in waste containers is not a good answer. Birds and other wildlife may try to eat what looks like Colorful food — with deadly results.

With the Lego Replay program, parents load unwanted Legos of all shapes and colors into boxes. Then, they go to the program website and print out a mailing label. The boxes are sent to processing centers, where the bricks are sorted, cleaned and shipped to aid groups and donation centers.

The Lego Replay test program is set to last through March. If it is successful, the program may be expanded to include other Lego products.

The Lego Group is also looking at other materials to use in their toys. While plastic has proved to be the strongest material, Lego has begun making some bricks out of sugar cane(甘蔗).

1.What’s the main purpose of Lego Replay?

A.To entertain those children without toys.

B.To make unwanted Lego bricks reused.

C.To prevent parents to throw the Legos away.

D.To avoid using unwanted bricks by storing them.

2.Where are unwanted Lego bricks sorted and cleaned according to Lego Replay?

A.At processing centers.

B.At donation centers.

C.On the program website.

D.In the owners’ homes.

3.What does Brooks probably agree with?

A.Lego bricks waste too many resources.

B.Unwanted Lego bricks still have value.

C.We should store old Legos in waste containers.

D.Lego bricks are favorite food of some birds.

4.What does the Lego Group explore according to the last paragraph?

A.More other Lego products.

B.Proper use of plastics.

C.Similar products to sugar cane.

D.New materials of producing bricks.

    About 10 years ago,I sat in my office,struggling to write an annual progress report for my leader. I enjoy writing scientific papers that engage my creativity and further my research. But report writing doesn’t come with any reward apart from the momentary satisfaction of finishing something. Like other routine paperwork,I find it hard to get through. So that day,I offered myself a reward : When I finished the report,I'd give myself 2 hours to examine slides (载玻片)under the microscope — a task I've always loved but never had much time for as a staff member. It ’ s a strategy I call " just for fun"，.

The strategy was born out of challenges I experienced in graduate school. I usually delayed putting together reports for university administrators until threatening letters arrived. I never felt that paperwork was advancing my science, but rather sapping my energy and time for research. One of my committee members recognized and understood my difficulties. Then he told me about his strategy of rewarding himself with a fun project when he completed a task that he didn’t particularly enjoy. He advised me to think about doing something similar. I immediately liked the idea.

Over the course of my career，this strategy helped me complete and move past the parts of my job that I didn’t particularly enjoy. The rewards I gave myself provided a way to relax and reminded me why I love being a scientist.

As for that annual report,I spent an ordinary morning on it but got it done. Then I hurried over to the microscope ， eager to inspect a series of slides that my collaborators (合作者) had sent a couple of weeks earlier. To others， it may  have looked like work. But to me,it was just for fun.

1.Why does the author dislike report writing?

A.He receives too little from it.

B.It is extremely easy to finish.

C.It needs too much creativity.

D.He doesn’t major in writing.

2.What does the underlined word " sapping" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Acquiring. B.Consuming.

C.Lacking . D.Providing.

3.How did the author get his strategy?

A.Through the inspiration of his report writing.

B.Through the reward of his collaborators.

C.Through the instructions of university administrators.

D.Through a committee member’s suggestion.

4.What can we learn from the author’s experience?

A.Choose a career you really like.

B.Seek fun when doing science research.

C.Motivate yourself to finish boring tasks.

D.Reward yourself with a new strategy.

    With summer break coming up for children across the United States，now it 's time to plan a fantastic summer trip for your family.Her are a few of the best places you can take your family to this year and any year for that matter.

Montgomery，Alabama

Montgomery is an important site for learning about the history of the Civil Rights Move-ment. Children with their families can visit the Civil Rights Memorial Center to take a tour of the exhibits and learn about the hopes and dreams and the struggle for equality in the country.

Kenai Peninsula，Alaska

If you are looking for a wonderful outdoor adventure，the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska is a fantastic trip. While visiting this region of Alaska，you can explore the Kenai Mountains in Kenai Fjords(峡湾）National Park，where your kids can see  glaciers，fjords and especially the Harding Icefield Fishing is another wonderful activity to enjoy at this destination.

Channel Islands，California

The Channel Islands are an amazing archipelago (群岛）) off the coast of California. Here visitors can enjoy the Channel Islands National Park. The Channel Islands National Park protects five of the islands. Within the protection of the park there is a wide variety of wildlife，as well as natural and cultural resources. You should keep an eye out for seals，sea lions，dolphins,and many more.

Memphis，Tennessee

Memphis is a fantastic destination for families that enjoy music. This city played a great role in the evolution of Blues music. You certainly won't want to miss out on a trip to Graceland while exploring Memphis.The home of Elvis Presley is open to visitors for tours,where you can travel through the life and rise of Elvis.

1.Where can you enjoy exhibitions during your trip?

A.Montgomery. B.Kenai Peninsula.

C.Channel Islands. D.Memphis.

2.What can you do in the Kenai Peninsula?

A.Listen to some music.

B.Explore various wildlife.

C.Try risking outdoors.

D.Watch all kinds of fishes.

3.What’s the main purpose of the text?

A.To give children some instructions.

B.To introduce some trip sites for families.

C.To advertise some famous attractions.

D.To encourage children to learn in summer.

假定你是李华，你校学生会将举办一年一度的“校园美食节”活动，请你作为学生会主席给外教Mr. Johnson写一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 邀请他参加；

2. 介绍美食节情况；

3. 期待回复。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 开头结尾已经写好，不计收入总词数。

Dear Mr. Johnson,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起) 不计分。

I am a senior three student and I’m devoted myself to my lessons every day. I dare not waste single minute because I am afraid he will be left behind by others. With much exams to take, I feel nervous. To make matters worse, I have had difficulty in fall asleep since last week. I can’t concentrate myself to the teacher in class, feeling sleepy but tired. Yesterday my parents tell me to have a walk outdoors. “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” they said to me. So I followed their advices. I felt more relaxing after some rest. I have decided to take more exercise from today on.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

A study, 1. (lead) by the University of St. Andrews, found a balanced and healthy lifestyle, including becoming fitter, having less stress and sleeping 2. (long) all gave skin a more healthy-looking colour.

Previous 3. (study) have linked improvements in skin colour to a good diet but the latest study also examined 4. relationship between general health and skin colour.

They measured skin colour with a device that recorded how a rainbow of colours was reflected from the skin and found that both high 5.(fit) and low body fat were associated with a higher skin yellowness.

The research team also assessed whether a change in health changed skin appearance. They 6. (follow) 59 students from sports clubs to measure the training effect 7. their skin.

They found those 8. became healthier or lost body fat showed an increase in skin yellowness. Scientists concluded that exercise and healthy eating were low-cost ways of improving your skin. Any effort 9. (improve) lifestyle would benefit the skin within a 10. (relative) short time.

    This summer, Roman Espinoza put up what he called a ''blessing box'' filled with food available to any and all who need it on his lawn (草坪).

Roman Espinoza, a 46-year-old New Yorker, hoped to _______ the problem of hunger in his community. He was _______ that there were plenty of poor and homeless people in his neighborhood, and he also knew that they _______ needed help. That’s why he decided to construct a ''blessing box'' filled with food on his own lawn. People who are in need of food are always _______ to take something from the ''blessing box''. It mostly holds canned food. He found that not everyone who _______ food from the ''blessing box'' wanted to be known, so they often _______ until it was dark to avoid _______.

Roman was inspired by a _______ action at the local community college, where he saw there was a small box with a number of free food _______ inside that was meant for poor students who couldn't ________ a snack or a meal. He thought it was such an amazing gesture and decided to try that in front of his own home.

Thanks to him, there's a whole community that ________ donates food and other necessities. Roman is so grateful that other people are also donating food for the less ________, and he feels honored that he ________ others to do so.

________, people started donating things into Roman's blessing box, but it definitely didn't ________ there. In fact, many people had a strong ________ to build their own blessing box, so they turned to him for help. And many more wanted to help in their own way. The local Home Depot store, ________, decided to sponsor all of the wood needed to build new ________. By ________ the word and the idea of these amazing food pantries, people can truly make a significant ________ for the poor in the entire city.

1.A.worsen B.update C.cause D.relieve

2.A.ashamed B.aware C.doubtful D.desperate

3.A.sadly B.hardly C.badly D.rarely

4.A.allowed B.forbidden C.requested D.accompanied

5.A.purchased B.stole C.swallowed D.took

6.A.waited B.hid C.thought D.struggled

7.A.enjoyment B.pride C.embarrassment D.preference

8.A.terrible B.similar C.natural D.illegal

9.A.items B.chains C.shops D.projects

10.A.resist B.enjoy C.miss D.afford

11.A.carefully B.regularly C.passively D.suddenly

12.A.intelligent B.dependent C.innocent D.fortunate

13.A.inspired B.invited C.convinced D.challenged

14.A.At times B.At once C.At first D.At last

15.A.fail B.stop C.start D.move

16.A.ability B.curiosity C.dislike D.desire

17.A.however B.or rather C.for example D.instead

18.A.boxes B.communities C.stores D.homes

19.A.ignoring B.remembering C.spreading D.breaking

20.A.promise B.difference C.judgment D.comment

Water skiing

Water skiing is an exciting water sport that can be a ton of fun. You will get to have a happy and joyful adventure every time you go out on the water. 1. However, once you start, water skiing is a sport you can enjoy whenever you have a boat and enough flat water.

2. Every water skier needs water skis—these are different from snow skis and they also differ depending on the size of the skier and the experience level of the skier. 3. You will need to find at least two people to go with you on your water skiing adventure. You and everyone you go with will have more fun if the friends you go with also want to water ski. You need a boat, naturally. 4.

For your first time water skiing, you may want to either take a lesson from an expert or find a friend that has experience and is willing to teach you. 5. The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop.

A.It’s no hard task to learn.

B.It takes a little patience to learn.

C.Of course, no one can water ski alone.

D.Once prepared, a skier can start the game on his own.

E.You will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket.

F.Before you start water skiing, there are a few supplies you’ll need.

G.Of your two helpers, you need one to drive the boat and one to observe.

    At some point in elementary school, your science teacher may explained to you that there are 365 days in a year because that's how long it takes for Earth to complete one full journey around the sun. What they might not have explained, however, is that it's not exactly 365 days—it’s actually closer to 365. 2421 days.

So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years. History.com reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put their heads together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar, which includes 12 months, 365 days, and an additional ''leap day'' every four years on February 29.

But rounding 0.2421 up to 0.25 each year created an issue, because it didn't quite add up to a full day every four years—and that tiny difference meant that after 128 years, the calendar year ended up starting a day before Earth had completed its journey around the sun. By the 14th century, the calendar year was starting 10 days before Earth finished its orbit.

In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII sought to correct the error by suggesting that we simply skip a leap day every so often. His Gregorian calendar, which we still use today, rules that we skip the leap day during years which can be evenly divided (被整除) by 100 but not by 400. For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400; the year 2100, on the other hand, will not include a leap day, since it's evenly divided by 100, but not by 400.

Gregory XIII’s correction to Caesar's overcorrection is itself a bit of an under-correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.

1.What do the underlined words ''put their heads together'' in paragraph 2 mean?

A.Come across each other. B.Bump their heads together.

C.Compete against each other. D.Combine their efforts.

2.According to Gregorian calendar, which year may include a leap day?

A.2100. B.1600.

C.1800. D.2020.

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Emperor Julius Caesar was also an astronomer.

B.Today's calendar exactly agrees with the sun's turning.

C.The 10-day early start in calendar will always exist.

D.The Gregorian calendar is not yet the most accurate.

4.What's the purpose of this passage?

A.To point out a mistake made by your science teacher.

B.To explain how long Earth makes a trip around the sun.

C.To explain in detail why the leap day is needed.

D.To explain the reason why we need a calendar.

    Unconfident children can improve their performance in math tests simply by saying nice things to themselves, a study suggests.

A total of 212 fourth to sixth graders, aged between 9 to 13 years old, took part in the research. The children completed a math test in two parts. At the end of the first half, researchers asked the first group of kids to talk to themselves about the amount of effort they would put into the second half of the test before carrying on. The children quietly told themselves: ''I will do my very best. '' Another group was told to consider their ability, by repeating the phrase: ''I am very good at this. '' The children were instructed to write down their given phrase, and repeat it to themselves while working on the problems, particularly when they found the work challenging. The rest of the children acted as the control group, and weren't required to say anything. A few days before completing the test, all the kids completed a survey on how they viewed their own and others' abilities.

Compared with kids who didn't do what is known as self-talking, those with low self-confidence who spoke about the effort they'd make did better in the second half of the test. The data led the researchers to conclude children who struggle with negative thoughts about their competence could improve their achievements in school by telling themselves they will put effort into a task.

However, the team said they did not find the same result among children with low self-confidence who spoke to themselves about ability, for self-talk about effort is the key. Meanwhile, they pointed out the findings may not relate to children of other ages, and more research is needed to explore this.

1.How was the research conducted?

A.By telling students to talk about their effort. B.By comparing three groups of students.

C.By instructing students to repeat phrases. D.By telling students not to say anything.

2.What conclusion did the researchers draw?

A.Students may benefit from talking about effort.

B.Students should talk about effort in the tests.

C.Students can benefit from talking about ability.

D.Self-talking helps all students do better in tests.

3.We can infer from the last paragraph that the research team is _________.

A.careless B.cautious

C.stubborn D.competitive

4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A.Entertainment. B.Health.

C.Education. D.Sports.

    Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, has an ancient competition with Chongqing, a city to its south-east. Residents of Chongqing accused their Chengdu cousins of being pompous (自大的). The people of Chongqing were hotheads, Chengdu residents shot back. Both cities share a love of spice-laden Sichuan cuisine, which in recent decades has occupied Chinese dinner tables. But they are at war over which has the best Sichuan hotpot—a type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat with chillies and numbing peppercorns.

A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for the Chongqing-style hotpot. It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious. But Chengdu is playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot museum on part of it.

The two cities are among many in China with their own styles of hotpot. Hotpot restaurants in China are more profitable than other kinds. Haidilao, a well-known Sichuan-based hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (股票交易所) in September.

Not all Chinese warm to hotpot. Some older Sichuanese refuse to be connected with it. They complain that it is causing overuse of chilli in other dishes that cover up the original genuine flavours.

But Chengdu’s plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also becoming symbolic. If it can set the West on fire, officials may hope it will become a delicious new source of Chinese soft power. There will be plenty of glory for both Chengdu and Chongqing to take pride in if that happens.

1.Why are Chengdu and Chongqing competing with each other?

A.Because Chengdu people think Chongqing people are pompous.

B.Because Chengdu residents like to shoot back in battles.

C.Because they both think they are better at eating spicy food.

D.Because they both believe they have the best Sichuan hotpot.

2.What is the purpose of building a hotpot museum in Chengdu?

A.To compete with Chongqing. B.To advertise Sichuan cuisine.

C.To show their love for hotpot. D.To keep the hotpot tradition.

3.What can we infer about hotpot from the last paragraph?

A.The two cities have competed only in recent decades.

B.More hotpot museums will be built in the future.

C.Hotpot is already a source of Chinese soft power.

D.People hold a high expectation for hotpot culture.

4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Growing Popularity of Hotpot in Two Cities

B.Two Cities’ War Over Tastiest Sichuan Hotpot

C.“No Hotpot, No Happiness” True in Food Business

D.Private Museum in Chongqing Opened First

    Paris is a museum city. There are hundreds of them, big and small. But, most importantly, they are excellent, some of the best on the planet. From the Louvre to the Musée d’Orsay to the Centre Pompidou, you could spend a lifetime wandering the halls of the city’s great museums. Here are some of the best museums in Paris.

The Louvre

The world’s ultimate museum is also the biggest one and the most visited. The 35,000 art objects on display are all overshadowed by one single painting—Mona Lisa, in the Renaissance era.

Jeu de Paume

Set in the Tuileries Gardens next to the Louvre, Jeu de Paume’s past lives were of a tennis court and then a museum which housed Impressionist art. Today it is Paris’s main photography and video museum. It also occasionally shows art-house films.

Musée d’Orsay

Housed in a former railway station on the Left Bank of the Seine, the museum opened in 1986 and today houses the planet’s largest collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artworks. If you like 19th-century natural landscapes with rural lives and tastes, this is the place to take it all in.

Musée du Quai Branly

As Paris’s main home to non-European art, objects, and culture, this Jean Nouvel-designed museum exhibits a collection of 3,500 pieces, many of which were taken from various countries during the vast period of French Colonialism. There are objects from Quebec and Louisiana from the time when the regions were under French control. There are also Indian sculptures, masks from West Africa and other aesthetic delights.

1.Which is the best and most admired exhibit in the Louvre?

A.Mona Lisa. B.Renaissance.

C.Lady Era. D.Unknown.

2.Which museum houses Impressionist art nowadays?

A.Jeu de Paume. B.The Louvre.

C.Musée d’Orsay. D.Musée du Quai Branly.

3.Musée du Quai Branly is different from the other three in that _________.

A.it houses non-European objects B.it used to be a tennis court

C.it shows the 19th-century rural scenery D.it is Paris’s largest museum

为了共同防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，学期初教育部发布了延期开学的通知，全国地行“停课不停教,停课不停学”的工作安排，学生在家进行了一个多月的网课学习。假你是光中学的李津，作为参与网课学习的一员,请你向 “China Daily”报纸所开辟的“OnlineTeaching”专栏投稿，就近期的网课学习体验谈谈线上教学的利与弊。

内容包括：1. 线上教学的利弊；

2. 个人观点与看法。

注意事项：1.  词数不少于 100 词；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：新型冠状病毒肺炎：COVID﹣19；

Dear Editor,

I’m Li Jin from Chen Guang Middle School.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Jin

阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题.

As my kids' summer vacation comes to an end, I find myself wanting to spend every moment with them. This past week I've been feeling guilty every time I schedule something that doesn't involve them, so I haven’t been doing much for myself. But the other day, I had a beauty treatment that I'd scheduled for over a month. I was so looking forward to it when I scheduled it, but as it approached I thought about cancelling it. 

As I was leaving home, I told my kids how I was going to miss them and that I would hurry back. My daughter stopped her game, looked up at me and said, ''Oh, Mother, just go. You need to get your mood up again. '' '' Getting your mood up again'' is my daughter's way of telling me to leave home and come back with a better version of myself because it was taking a heavy toll on her too. 

In that one sentence, she was telling me that she noticed I’d been running on fumes(烦恼).  She was letting me know she could feel my moodiness and irritation that stemmed from not taking the time for me because I was trying to so hard to be present for her and her brothers. 

It occurred to me that I'd been neglecting care for myself because I thought my kids should come first. However, in reality, my kids just want me to be happy, even if that happiness means I'm not with them all the time. Our kids would rather have parents who are smiling and feel somewhat rested than spend their days listening to their parents sigh and complain.

1.Why did the author consider cancelling the beauty treatment?  (no more than 12 words)

2.How do you understand the underlined part in paragraph 2?  (no more than 10words)

3.What was the author's problem originally caused by?  (no more than 10 words)

4.What did the author finally realize? (no more than 10 words)

5.What do you learn from the author's story?  (no more than 20 words)

    Humans once opposed coffee and refrigeration. Here’s why we often hate new stuff.

Humans have a habit of deliberately delaying their own progress. From coffee to mechanical refrigeration to genetically altered food, history is littered with innovations that caused resistance before they become fixtures in everyday life. But the past 600 years of human history help to explain why humans often oppose new technologies and why that pattern of opposition continues to this day. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this phenomenon in his latest book, Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies.

Among Juma’s claims is that people do not fear innovation simply because the technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a piece of their identity or lifestyle, and separating people from nature or their sense of purpose—— two things that are fundamental to the human experience.

Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to innovation: those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a result of change. The first group is perhaps the most obvious. Many industries have been disrupted by innovation. Just take a look at the pointless efforts of music publishers to stop the shift to digital music. Some consumers might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in their identity, culture or customs. Britons preferred tea time at home to sitting in a coffee shop, for example. Finally, the emergence of new technologies can also result in a shift in economic and political power, redistributing wealth and influence away from some groups, and toward others. The expansion of tractors （ 拖拉机） and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the shift in population away from rural areas had significant political implications.

Humans make decisions about new innovations with their instinct rather than evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will often make shocking claims to support their arguments. Sometimes these claims are rooted in fact; other times they are not. People once claimed coffee could make you sterile （不育的）. Juma said beneath those arguments was typically an instinctive fear of new technologies, rather than a reasoned response. “People react intuitively, and they collect the evidence to support what they’re doing,”Juma said. “They see a new product and there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges their outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new product.”

Historically, technologists have been more concerned with the functionality of the products they create, paying less attention to the implications it may have on society at large, Juma contends. Fortunately, that may be starting to change.

1.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probable mean?

A.is in favour of

B.is full of

C.encourages

D.is held back

2.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that Juma’s book_____.

A.explores why history often repeats itself

B.focuses on the impact of technology on nature

C.analyzes the role of technology in social progress

D.researches the recurrence of a certain phenomenon

3.Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 4?

A.A successful technological innovation can affect population flow.

B.British people have a strong sense of independence.

C.Opposition to innovation is mainly caused by loss of cultural identity.

D.Young people prefer digital music to traditional recordings.

4.In Juma’s opinion, people’s resistance to new technologies_____.

A.is a natural response

B.is not based on fact

C.arises from fear of challenges

D.reflects their prejudiced view of the world

5.It is implied in the last paragraph that technologists should give more consideration to_____.

A.the functionality of new products

B.the social usefulness of new products

C.the potential danger of new products

D.the social influence of new products

    The moon may shine white above us most nights of the year, but how much do we know about Earth’s neighbor and what lies beneath its surface? Scientists are aiming to find out.

On Jan 3, 2019, China’s Change 4 spacecraft landed on the far side of the moon a first for humanity. It released a small probe（探测器）,Yutu 2, or Jade Rabbit 2, which began to search beneath the moon’s surface using Lunar Penetrating Radar（探测雷达）. These radio signals can reach 40 meters underground, three times the depth of the Chang’e 3 lunar probe launched in 2013 for the near side of the moon, China Daily reported.

In a study published in the journal Science Advances, researchers found that the lunar soil’s top layer on the far side of the moon was much thicker than expected ﹣ about 40 meters. Other scientists only expected about 6 millimeters of soil based on NASA observations during the Apollo moon landings, according to The New York Times.

“It’s a fine, dusty, sandy environment, said one of the authors of the study, Elena Pettinelli, a physics and mathematics professor at Rome Tre University, Rome.

Yutu 2 is specifically exploring the Von Karman crater（大坑）,a large hole that’s 180kilometers wide and also the landing site of Chang’e 4. It’s part of an even larger, older crater spanning more than 1,770 kilometers.

“The subsurface at the Chang’e 4 landing site is very complex,” said Li Chunlai, a research professor and deputy director﹣general of National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Observations suggest that the subsurface material is totally different than the previous landing site of Chang’e 3, she said.

Radar waves revealed various layers beneath the moon’s surface: grainy（ 颗粒状的）material, boulders（岩石）,and further layers of fine and coarse（粗糙的）particles. This information is helping scientists to gain new understanding of the moon’s history and formation, as well as volcanic activity and lunar impacts.

Yutu 2 is the longest﹣working rover（巡视器）on the moon, but it won’t last forever. China plans to launch the Chang’e 5 probe later this year, Xinhua News Agency reported. The spacecraft is expected to bring pieces of the moon back to Earth for closer study.

1.What can we learn about the Chang’e 4 probe?

A.It was the first to land on the moon’s near side.

B.It explored areas as wide as 1,770 kilometers.

C.Its signals could reach 40 meters beneath the moon’s surface.

D.It is three times as large as the Change 3 lunar probe.

2.What does the lunar soil’s top layer on the moon’s far side look like, according to the text?

A.It looks like a large hole.

B.It is about 6 millimeters thick.

C.It goes farther down than expected.

D.It is covered by boulders and fine and coarse particles.

3.According to the passage, why is the Chang’e 4 probe exploration is important?

A.It observed material beneath the moon’s surface which is helping scientists to know the moon better.

B.It has offered us relevant information on the near side of the moon.

C.It told scientists the landing site is very complex.

D.It revealed the surface material on the moon which is helpful to know the moon’s activity and impact.

4.What is the Chang’e 5 probe expected to do?

A.Explore the Von Karman crater.

B.Replace Yutu 2 to explore the moon.

C.Identify the moon’s various layers.

D.Bring lunar samples back to the Earth.

5.What is the text mainly about?

A.A history of Chinese lunar missions.

B.How Yutu 2 explored beneath the moon’s surface.

C.report on the Chang’e 4 probe’s findings.

D.A comparison of the Change 3 and 4 probes.

    During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.

Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced（测定序列）the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.

Due to this openness, pharmaceutical（制药的）companies across the globe are now able to work simultaneously to develop a vaccine. “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,”Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera.“The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient（有适应力的）well be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future. ”

Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, s found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.

This openness in science is going to be even more crucial in the future. With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent, Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.

He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a coordinated（合作的）approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and therapeutics（疗法）very rapidly.

Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming（补偿的）factor of the COVID﹣19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.

1.What does the article mainly talk about?

A.Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic.

B.The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.

C.Something positive we’ve learned from the epidemic.

D.What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.

2.What is the positive effect of the research team from Fudan University placing the genetic sequence of the virus onto GenBank?

A.They alerted the world to the danger of the virus.

B.They helped remove people’s fear of the virus.

C.They invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine.

D.They showed the world how to produce a vaccine.

3.What does the underlined phrase“work simultaneously” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.work at the same time.

B.work effectively

C.work continuously

D.work happily

4.What is the author’s purpose of mentioning remdesivir in the text?

A.To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.

B.To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries.

C.To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.

D.To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.

5.Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?

A.The increase in globalization may worsen future epidemics.

B.Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to scientific development.

C.No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.

D.The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.

Descriptions:

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We’re currently looking for a licensed personal trainer to write instructional contents for our

study guides. We need someone to create high﹣quality work that will display their knowledge and experience in the field of personal training. Please review the qualifications below.

Education/Experience:

The applicant should have a background in personal training, as well as be licensed as a personal trainer.

Responsibilities:

-Should produce high quality, unique contents.

-Must respond quickly to customers’ advice, and make necessary edits to their work.

-Should work with our project managers to guarantee that their work meets specifications.

-Must provide weekly updates to show their progress.    

Qualifications:

-Should have writing experience.

-Must pay attention to details and apply that attitude to writing.

-Should be very comfortable to work with computers, and have a good working knowledge of MS Word.

-Must respond well to constructive criticism.

1.What writing style does this passage belong to?

A.Fiction.

B.Advertisement.

C.Argumentation.

D.Poetry.

2.Why does the writer write in detail about their company in the first paragraph?

A.To persuade readers to take more examinations.

B.To make readers believe the company is legal.

C.To conclude that the company has overcome difficulty.

D.To make readers feel the company is great.

3.What does the underlined phrase“coupled with”in the first paragraph mean?

A.Combined with.

B.Concerned with.

C.Covered with.

D.Contrasted with.

4.What qualities should a person have to get the job?

A.The ability to solve the problems between him and the company.

B.Having a first﹣class university degree and relevant work experience.

C.The ability to use computers and bargain with customers.

D.Having writing experience and the nice working habit.

5.What might the writer continue to write in the next paragraph?

A.How to attract test﹣takers.

B.How to make a good first impression.

C.How to get in touch with the company.

D.How to improve writing skills.

    My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasn’t sure what he wanted from _______, but something told him to _______ and begin a new adventure. He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road _______ him.

It’s easy to feel _______ when you’re on the road. We made lots of new friends on our trip — most of them are mechanics, since we often _______ hours in repair shops. But that was a way much  _______ than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to _______ when it was 40℃ outside.

Getting along well sometimes seemed _______. There were always a lot of _______, especially among us back-seat passengers about who had to _______ in the middle. But even if it was hard, we learned a lot about _______. When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hour’s drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and _______ traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car?” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the back seat, we saw her slowly turn towards my father. “No,” she said. “I thought you did.” That was how a three-hour car trip turned into a nine-hour one, which was mostly spent in _______.

On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were _______ in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the _______. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and _______ one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.

This is why road trips were like _______ universities to us. We _______ our PHDs in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.

If we were _______ given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time would I put the _______ in the car myself.

1.A.move B.belief C.experience D.life

2.A.get out B.struggle on C.live up D.walk around

3.A.drove B.took C.served D.controlled

4.A.anxious B.upset C.lonely D.helpless

5.A.wasted B.spent C.worked D.chatted

6.A.easier B.safer C.better D.cleverer

7.A.break down B.turn over C.clear up D.cool off

8.A.impossible B.alternative C.necessary D.available

9.A.discussions B.arguments C.embarrassments D.amusements

10.A.settle B.rest C.watch D.sit

11.A.tolerance B.sharing C.communication D.respect

12.A.light B.quick C.thick D.fast

13.A.sadness B.silence C.panic D.disappointment

14.A.buried B.crazy C.impatient D.stuck

15.A.journey B.holiday C.exploration D.march

16.A.dragging B.sending C.helping D.pushing

17.A.unusual B.common C.mobile D.free

18.A.expected B.earned C.missed D.valued

19.A.somewhere B.anyway C.anytime D.somehow

20.A.suitcases B.phones C.boxes D.books

﹣So he told you you’d got the job?

﹣_____,but he said they were impressed with me.

A.Not exactly B.Don’t mention it

C.Not a little D.Don’t say so

In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________  it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.

A.whatever B.whoever

C.wherever D.whichever

When he ______ the bill in the restaurant, he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.

A.paid B.would be paying

C.was to pay D.had paid

—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.

—I’m glad we _____ them in the years ahead.

A.will be operating B.have been operating

C.would be operating D.had been operating

Their team _____first prize in the 4×100 relay race, but the last runner fell down half way.

A.could get B.must have got

C.must get D.could have got

While reading, try to develop a more _______ attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value.

A.realistic B.critical C.ambiguous D.casual

—Hello. I’d like to have a talk with Mr. Smith staying in your hotel.

—I’m sorry, he isn’t here. He ________ this morning.

A.checked in B.dropped in

C.checked out D.dropped out