It’s a tradition that, at the wedding ceremony, the hands of the bride and groom would be tied together with a length of ribbon to symbolize that their lives were fastened together______.

A.necessarily B.deliberately C.permanently D.temporarily

Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ______ with a magnificent view.

A.awarded B.admired C.rewarded D.appreciated

-I’d like to find a job in the library.

-Good idea, ______ it doesn’t affect your studies.

A.now that B.as soon as C.as long as D.even if

When I came to the strange city, I began to ______ what I would do to earn my living.

A.keep pace with B.give thought to C.make room for D.get rid of

If nothing ______, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

A.is done B.has done C.will be done D.does

-Ken, can I get you anything to drink?

-______.

A.You are welcome B.No problem

C.I wouldn’t mind a coffee D.Doesn’t matter

There is no light in Smith’s room. Therefore, he ________ be at home.

A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t

These two horses look so much alike that we can not ______one from the other.

A.recognize B.distinguish C.separate D.differ

The number of people, who have access to their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade.

A.rose B.is rising C.have risen D.has risen

The theme of the painting is too ______ for the audience to understand.

A.abstract B.realistic C.truly D.clearly

-I really had a wonderful time at the party last night.

-______.

A.Oh, that’s very nice of you B.Congratulations

C.It’s a pleasure D.Oh, I’m glad to hear that

假设你是李华,你的意大利笔友Nicola 了解到中国的新冠肺炎疫情防控已经取得了积极的成效，于是特地给你发来了一封电子邮件。他在邮件中对目前意大利的新冠肺炎疫情形势表达了担忧，并向你征求防止病毒感染的建议。请你就此给他回一封邮件，内容包括:

1.表达关切，并强调加强疫情防控的重要性；

2.介绍防止病毒感染的具体举措；

3.表达祝愿。

注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒；C0VID- 19 2019新冠肺炎；epidemic prevention and control 疫情防控

Dear Nicola,

How's everything going? I'm sorry to hear that the novel coronavirus is hitting Italy.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes !

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ˄) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一-横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限-词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I am always told to working hard to have a good life in the future. Therefore ,I do my best to play basketball or study. I want to be basketball player when I grow up. To realize my dream, I practice with playing basketball regular , aiming to make my best shots. Although I'm interesting in watching TV , we manage to finish my homework first. I try my best in all the tests , especially in the math test because I found math more difficult than any other subjects. Anyway I will spare no effort and never give in on my study. I believe if I am sure 10 succeed.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of the richest smallest1.(country) in Europe -- yet it suffers from major traffic jams.

Taking up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany can all2.(reach) by car in half an hour.

Luxembourg is a very3.(attract) place for jobs,4.its “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to congestion(拥塞)issues. In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and5.(drive) is a “primary means of transportation” for commuters. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City6.(spend) an average of 33 hours in traffic. It fared 7.(bad) than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg -- yet it only took drivers in both an average of 24 hours in traffic.

But that could be about to change.8.country at this very moment is in really good shape, thus the government wants the people to benefit9.the good economy. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport-trains, trams and buses-in the country is free,10.(make) it the first free public transport country in the world. The government hopes the move will alleviate heavy congestion and bring environmental benefits.

    As older students at your school,do you sometimes feel a kind of responsibility?I was lucky enough to be named one of our prefects(级长).My___ has so far meant that I' ve had to help with school meetings, events, and many____ across the school.

One of the events was a soccer tournament for 7th and 8th year prefects in September.We had to___a soccer team made up of several prefects for the tournament.

___ at the soccer field on the day of the tournament,we were full of____ that our age and ____would be enough for us to win.However ,we had underestimated(低估)the____.The younger students quickly started dominating us,and____ beat us.We were____ of the competition after the first game!

Having been_____ ,we realized that our size and age really didn' t____ ,as the younger students were not intimidated(威吓).However, although we were defeated,we were able to talk to the___ students afterwards, which was quite__.

After our pitiful attempt at____ soccer, we had to help referee the final few____ .Refereeing was a difficult task, as a bad_____ could cost a team the game.____for me, there were no extremely difficult decisions.

After refereeing, we were all given dinner and the student leaders and the younger kids __ together.At that moment I___the true job of a prefect-we are here to___the school.

1.A.join B.purpose C.enquiry D.opportunity

2.A.activities B.classes C.plans D.groups

3.A.support B.form C.attract D.challenge

4.A.Attending B.Aiming C.Guiding D.Arriving

5.A.curiosity B.possibility C.confidence D.patience

6.A.wisdom B.strength C.speed D.size

7.A.problem B.tournament C.conflict D.situation

8.A.firmly B.constantly C.eventually' D.roughly

9.A.knocked B.worn C.taken D.made

10.A.scolded B.defeated C.blamed D.praised

11.A.rise B.clarify C.matter D.match

12.A.senior B.younger C.cleverer D.smarter

13.A.anxious B.pleasant C.uncertain D.delighted

14.A.playing B.giving C.offering D.helping

15.A.rounds B.activities C.lessons D.games

16.A.movement B.signal C.decision D.remark

17.A.Frequently B.Calmly C.Privately D.Luckily

18.A.sat B.laughed C.jumped D.shouted

19.A.remembered B.realized C.expected D.dreamed

20.A.adjust B.develop C.unite D.change

Effective Ways to Deal with Joint(关节)Discomfort

Joint discomfort is a common problem, but most people who suffer from it don’t know the proven ways that you can find relief. There are several ways for helping your joints.1.

Drop the extra pounds. We all know that losing weight improves health in many ways, so it shouldn’t come as a surprise that it does the same for joint health. 2.Less pressure on your knees will help prevent joint damage from happening. When it comes to losing weight while you have joint discomfort, low impact exercise is the best. Strength training, stretching, and yoga for those hoping to strengthen and support their joints are recommended. Aerobic(有氧的)exercises also help decrease sensitivity to pain through exercise.

3.Having a balanced diet combined with keeping a healthy weight seems to have the best long-term result for preventing joint damage. Another way is to stop eating foods that can cause inflammation(炎症).

Use thermal therapy and cold compresses. 4.If you experience a lot of stiffness(僵硬)in the mornings, a warm shower or heat pack will help loosen up the tissues and joints and provide relief. 5.Apply the ice or cold pack by wrapping it in a thin towel and applying it over the area for 10 minutes. This helps cool down the area, reduce the inflammation, and relieve pain.

Although there’s no perfect solution to make joint discomfort disappear, adding these lifestyle changes into your daily schedule can be really good for your joints.

A.Change eating habits.

B.What you eat doesn't make a difference.

C.It's better not to move when you're having joint discomfort.

D.However,if you're feeling joint pain ( not just stiffness)，icing is the best way.

E.For every one pound you lose, that’s four pounds of pressure off of your knees.

F.And more than likely, there's one that you don't yet know about that can help you.

G.Using heat and ice to treat joint discomfort is a time- tested and good choice for many.

    We know that reading is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits. A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up with a large library at home improves literacy( 读写能力) ,number-sense , and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in the journal Social Science Research.

The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in a curious observation that some call the “radiation effect".“Radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books , but they don't read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don't read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora , a sociologist in Australia. Joanna and her colleagues analyzed data collected between 2011 and 2015 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey assessed the literacy，numeracy(计算能力) , and technological competency of more than 160 , 000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants had in their homes during adolescence.“What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy , numeracy and digital problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels , similar jobs ，and even similar adult habits in terms of reading or working at various numeracy-improving activities," she said.

In fact , teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now , how might mere exposure lead to intellectual improvement?“If we grow up in a house , in a home where parents enjoy books , where books are given as birthday presents and valued , this is something that becomes a part of our identity and gives us this lifelong urge to always come close to books and read more than we would.”

So keep shelves piled with books. Your kids will not only be grateful, they'll be more likely to be able to spell “grateful" correctly as well.

1.What's “radiation effect" according to the text?

A.The terrible effect of radiation on the persons and things.

B.The good influence of the bookish environment on adolescents.

C.The beneficial effect of reading books on adolescents.

D.The bad effect of the environment without books on adolescents.

2.How does the exposure to books improve intellect?

A.Books bring a sense of identity and eagerness to read more.

B.Books help to provide a chance to come close to society,

C.Books are always given to adolescents as valuable presents.

D.Books will offer the teens an urge to make great achievements.

3.What's the author's attitude towards bookish environment?

A.Opposed. B.Neutral.

C.Indifferent. D.Supportive.

4.What's the best title for the text?

A.Reading More Helps Improve Children's Abilities

B.Reading at Home Brings Children Many Advantages

C.Growing Up Around Books Benefits Children a Lot

D.Creating a Bookish Environment for Children Is of Much Importance

    Self-driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human-driven cars. But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.

Crash statistics for human-driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations, and on all types of roads. However, most of the data on self-driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle-ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.

It is true that self-driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk .But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver, nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.

To a self-driving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited corn field. Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate ( 评估) a situation the same way a human would. And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.

Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.

Therefore, comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one-for-one exchange.

1.What makes the comparison between self-driving cars and human-driven cars unfair?

A.Self-driving cars never get tired. B.Statistics are collected differently.

C.Machines can make decisions faster. D.Self-driving cars know the world better.

2.What does the underlined word”perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A.Dangers. B.Self-driving cars. C.Pedestrians. D.Human-driven cars.

3.In which aspect can self- driving cars beat human-driven cars?

A.Driving steadily. B.Climbing steep slopes.

C.Evaluating the cost of loss. D.Making complex decisions.

4.Where is the text most likely from?

A.A poster. B.A novel. C.A brochure. D.A magazine.

    My name is Matthew. I'm not someone who has many secrets，because I'm a terrible liar. But there is one huge secret that I kept for years- -I failed my driving test. I had never failed a test before, and had never even come close. Driving made me anxious , but my parents told me I had to. They signed me up for driving lessons. I had gotten a perfect score for my written permit exam , but getting behind the wheel was a different story.

But when October 30th rolled around ,my pride set in. I wanted to be like everyone else at my school , showing off the brand new license they'd gotten. Looking back on that special day,I can't remember if I was nervous. What I do remember is starting the test , pausing at a stop sign after a few seconds , and being asked by the instructor to pull over. I had received an auto-fail since my pause was indeed a pause and not a real stop. I wasn't upset that I was leaving without a license, but I was scared everyone would know that I had failed. So when I got to class, I told everyone I didn't want to take the test on my birthday.

One Friday a month later, I went to the test spot again and passed. Later that night I drove for the first time by myself, which brought to me an amazing feeling I've never experienced——but sill, I couldn't imagine ever telling anyone the truth. So I didn't. It wasn't until midway through college that I came clean. It turned out plenty of my college friends had failed too! And I gathered enough courage to speak the fact out. Yes ,I had also failed.

Now I realize failure and imperfection are two things everyone has to experience , without which one couldn't make a true man.

1.What can we learn about Matthew?

A.He was a slow learner of driving. B.He relied heavily on his parents.

C.He was afraid of taking exams. D.He was bored with telling lies.

2.Why did the instructor ask Matthew to pull over?

A.To put an end to his lest. B.To check his parking skills.

C.To give him a second chance, D.To show him a better way of driving.

3.W hat made Matthew feel extremely worried after his first attempt?

A.Failing to get a driving license. B.Missing his birthday celebration.

C.Making his parents disappointed. D.Losing face before his classmates.

4.W hat did Matthew learn from his own experience?

A.Honesty is the best policy. B.Failure is a way to grow up.

C.Truth stands the test of time. D.Imperfection is another form of perfection.

Great Activities for Nature Lovers

Hiking

One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.

Backcountry Camping

Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend for a longer adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent，sleeping gear ,food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. I you’re an experienced hiker and camper ,this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.

Mountain and Road Biking

Unlike long hikes through the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes , between trees , and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain( 地形) , consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.

Gardening

Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables , fruit , herbs，or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grow yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.

1.W hat do hikers need for hiking?

A.Practical skills. B.Necessary equipment.

C.A useful map. D.A relaxed mood.

2.W hat's NOT the advantage of gardening according to the text?

A.You don't need to go far to enjoy the beauty of nature.

B.It gives you a sense of satisfaction when cooking with fresh ingredients.

C.It doesn't take any energy or money to do it.

D.I’s easy to start it for anyone who likes it.

3.Which of the following can take you to travel farthest?

A.Hiking. B.Backcountry Camping.

C.Mountain and Road Biking. D.Gardening.

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

同学们经历了十多年的课堂教学，也体验了两个多月的新型线上教学模式。两种教学模式各有特点。请表明你更偏爱哪种教学模式，并通过比较，阐述你偏爱的理由。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。(importance)

2.我们看似正常的行为也许会冒犯其他地方的人。(seem)

3.在科学家和医护人员共同努力下，治疗方法日趋完善，感染病毒的人数大幅下降。(so that)

4.短短两周，300多节精心设计的网课如期上线，并大受赞誉，这使他确信互联网将加速教学改革。(convince)

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

High level of deforestation continues

We are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze(吃草) on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Over the course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.

The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical(热带的) regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”

What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity(生物多样性). The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”

Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Ecotourism can put wild animals at risk

Ecotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. 1. There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.

Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.

When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. 2.. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.

The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.

3. “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.

Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. 4.

Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.

A.As animals learn to relax in the presence of humans, they may become bolder in other situations.

B.This massive amount of ecotourism can be one of the drivers of rapid environmental change.

C.The phenomena result from evolutionary changes, but also from regular interactions with humans.

D.Do not import or release living animals or plants into the wild that could harm native species.

E.In many cases it involves close interaction with wildlife.

F.Interacting with people can cause great change in the characteristics of various species over time.

    Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.

“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”

The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire(问卷) in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.

Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.

However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.

But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”

1.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?

A.The study took about two decades to complete.

B.The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.

C.Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.

D.The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.

2.According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?

A.The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.

B.Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.

C.The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.

D.The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A.an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.

B.participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study result

C.people exercising from their teens can maintain health forever

D.women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Exercise has its limitations, studies show

B.Getting active when young, experts suggest

C.Health benefits fade with age, doctors warn

D.Never too old to start, researchers say

The Elementary Science Fair Planning Guide

The most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kids.

A Model, Display or Collection:

Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.

Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,” “Types of Dinosaurs,” “My Coin Collection.”

Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.

An Experiment:

Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.

Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.

You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.

Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!

1.Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?

A.How swallows build their nests.

B.What the solar system consists of.

C.The three dances bees use to communicate.

D.What structure can hold the most amount of weight.

2.According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?

A.A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.

B.A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.

C.What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.

D.The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.

3.Who will be most interested in reading this guide?

A.Undergraduate students. B.Parents who have young kids.

C.Staff working in the science labs. D.Judges invited to a science fair.

    People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.

The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?

It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass(罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.

I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.

If this resonates with(与...共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.

1.According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?

A.The external markers are better ways to know a person.

B.People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.

C.The author is someone who is keen on power games.

D.Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.

2.What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?

A.be relatively similar to B.cause something to be stronger than

C.make something less important D.block off light from something

3.What of the following might the author agree with?

A.Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.

B.One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.

C.Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.

D.One should see and understand another person using a real compass.

4.Why does the author write the article?

A.To promote harmonious living.

B.To ask people not to judge others.

C.To call on readers to learn his values.

D.To share his values of understanding the world.

The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math

Drinking coffee has benefits. ______ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test ______ by many business schools.

The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only ______ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.

“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already ______,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly ______ their improved performance.” ________, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.

Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the ______ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.

Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase ______ and consequently improve performance?

The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on ______ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that ______ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that ______ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.

Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) ______ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical ______, including several for business.

“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help ______ employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and ______.”

1.A.In contrast to B.Contrary to C.In addition to D.Equivalent to

2.A.acquired B.required C.justified D.inquired

3.A.distributes B.stimulates C.dominates D.highlights

4.A.encouraging B.imposing C.conflicting D.challenging

5.A.characterized by B.called for C.responsible for D.typical of

6.A.In short B.By comparison C.In particular D.After all

7.A.lack B., shift C.withdrawal D.presence

8.A.comprehension B.alertness C.conscience D.context

9.A.evidence B.definition C.symptom D.belief

10.A.adaptation B.commitment C.exposure D.alternative

11.A.implication B.expectation C.indication D.illustration

12.A.similar B.concrete C.modified D.estimated

13.A.simplification B.description C.resignation D.application

14.A.enhance B.evaluate C.exploit D.prospect

15.A.negotiation B.priority C.potential D.strategy

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Long-term low self-esteem can cause depression

Low self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?

Self-esteem is, very simply, the set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. 1. self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.

Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom 2. they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care 3. low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely  4. (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that 5. (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, 6. people are followed up over time.

A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, 7. (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression 8. not vice versa.

Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a 9. (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that 10. (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.

假定你是李华，作为一名交换生（an exchange student）刚结束在英国为期一个月的学习。学习期间，你和房东Mr. Wilson 结下了深厚的友谊。请按下列要点给Mr. Wilson发一封邮件表示感谢：

1. 生活上的照顾；2. 学习上的帮助；3. 希望保持联系。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好。

Mr. Wilson,

Time flies! I’ve been back home.

Best wishes, Li Hua